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Here is a very grand monument of white marble, reprefenting a youth in Grecian armour, fitting on a Greek altar: and erected, as the Latin infcription fets forth, to the memory of Francis Hollis, by John, earl of Clare, his afflicted father. This brave youth, after returning from a campaign in Flanders, died the 12th of Auguft 1622, in the nineteenth year of his age. The epitaph on the monument is as follows:

What fo thou haft of nature or of arts, Youth, beauty, strength, or what excelling

parts

Of mind and body, letters, arms and worth, His eighteen years, beyond his years, brought forth

Thenftandand read thy felf within this glafs, How foon thefe perish, and thy felf may pafs; Man's life is measured by the work,notdays, No aged iloth, but active youth hath praise.

Next to this is a beautiful figure, in white alabafter, of lady Elizabeth Ruffel, in a fleeping pofture. The device is an eagle, the emblem of eternity, ftanding on a foliage of rofes, &c. This lady was daughter to Lord Ruffel, and is faid to have died with a prick of her finger. But this story has no other foundation than the mifapprehenfion of the ftatuary's defign; for having reprefented her as afleep, and pointing with her finger to a death's head under her right foot, it has been fuppofed that her finger bled, and that the bleeding had clofed her eyes in death; whereas the defign of the artist seems ráther to allude to the compofed fitu. ation of her mind at the approach of death, which the confidered only as a profound fleep, from which he was again to wake in a joyful refurrection; of which the motto under her feet is a clear illuftration: Dormit, non mortua eft "he is not dead, but fleepeth." The Latin infcription on the fcroll beneath only informs us, that her afflictenfifter Anne erected this mo

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ing is another fuperb monument, compofed of marble and alabaster of various colours, erected to the memory of John lord Ruffell (fon and heir to Francis eart of Bed ford) and his fon Francis by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Anthony Cook, and widow of Sir Thomas Hoby, Knt. He is reprefented in a cumbent pofture, habited in his robes, with his infant fon at his feet. His lady was esteemed the greatest female genius of her age, being well versed in the learned languages, and an excellent poet. On this tomb are five epitaphs of her compofition, three of which are in Latin, one in Greek, and the other in English, which is here tranfcribed as a fpecimen, the others being much to the fame purport:

Right noble twice, by virtue and by Birth,

Of heaven lov'd, and honour'd' on the earth; His country's hope, his kindred's chief delight,

My husband dear, more than this world's light,

Death hath me reft. But I from death wil take

His memory, to whom this tomb I make. John was his name, (ah was !) wretch muft 1 fay;

Lord Ruffel once, now my tear-thirsty clay

Near this monument, affixed to the wall, are two others; one to the memory of lady Seymour, daughter of Edward duke of Somerfet, who died the 19th of March 1560, aged 19. The other to the right honourable the lady Catharine Knollys, chief lady of the queen's bedchamber, and wife to Sir Francis Knollys, Knight, treafurer of her highness's houfhold. She died the 15th of January, 1568. This lady Knollys and lord Hunfdon, her brother, were the only children of William Cary, Efq. by lady Mary his wife, one af the daughters of Thomas Boleyn, earl of Wiltshire and Ormond, and fifter to Ann Boleyn, queen of England, and wife to Henry VIH. What is very fingular, the only daughter

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daughter of lady Knollys was mother to the favourite earl of Effex.

On the east fide of this chapel is a monument erected to the memory of John of Eltham, fecond son of king Edward II. and fo called from Eltham in Kent, the place of his nativity. His ftatue is of white alabafter, the head encircled in a coronet of greater and leffer leaves, and his habit is that of an armed knight. He died in Scotland at the age of nineteen, unmarried, though three different matches had been propofed to him; the laft of which, to Mary daughter of Ferdinand king of Spain, he accepted, but did not live to confummate it. His funeral was fo magnificent and coftly, that the prior and convent demanded one hundred pounds (a great fum at that time) for a horfe and armour present there on the day of his interment.

At the feet of this is another beautiful monument of white alabafter, on which is the following infcription:

"In this chapel is interred all that was mortal of themolt illuftrious and moft benevolent John Paul Howard, earl of Stafford, who, in 1738, married Elizabeth, daughter of A. Ewens, of the county of Somerset, Efq. by Elizabeth his wife, eldest daughter of John St. Albin, of Alfoxton in the fame county, Efq.

His heart was as truly great and noble
As his high defcent;
Faithful to his God,
A lover of his country,
A relation to relations,
A detefter of detraction,
A friend to mankind:
Naturally generous and compaffi-

onate:

His liberality and his charity to the

poor were without bounds. We therefore piously hope that at the last day, His body will be received in glory Into the everlafting tabernacles.

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memory,

Has caufed this monument to be placed here."

Round this infcription are the figures of the ancient badges of honour belonging to the Stafford family, who defcend, by ten dif ferent marriages, from the royal blood of England and France. Near to this tomb is one raised from the floor, on which lies the effigy of lady Frances duchefs of Suffolk, in her proper robes. This lady was daughter of the famous Charles Brandon, by Mary the French. queen, daughter to Henry VII. and became herself duchefs of Suffolk, by marrying Henry Grey, then marquis of Dorfet, but upon her father's decease created duke of Suffolk, and afterwards beheaded for being concerned in Wyat's infurrection. By the duke the had two daughters, lady Jane and Catharine; lady Jane was married to lord Guildford Dudley, fon to the duke of Northumberland, and afterwards proclaimed queen, but not being properly fupported, fell a facrifice to the refentment of her fucceffors, who cut off the heads of her husband and father-in-law, as well as that of her father. Lady Catharine was more fortunate, and married firft lord Herbert, fon to the earl of Pembroke, and after. wards Edward, earl of Hertford. The duchefs, after being deprived of a husband and daughter, fell under the difpleasure of the court on account of her religio and a was charged with dreffing in

rocquet in a ridicule of the epifcopal dignity. This charge was vigorously profecuted againft her by the fecret direction of Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, who being under confinement in the Tower in the preceding reign, and feeing the duchefs pafs under his window, made her a very courteous reverence: but her grace, inftead of returning the compliment, told him with an air of contempt, "It was well for the lambs now the wolves were fhut up." This indignity he remembered; and the, fearful of the confequence, thought it most prudent to retire into the country, where the foon after married one Adrian Stock, Efq. and with him lived unknown and unnoticed, till the acceffion of queen Elizabeth, when she again appeared at court, and became a great favourite, infomuch that the queen, in confideration of her being lineally defcended from Henry VII. diftinguifhed her with an augmentation of the arms of England, viz. a border gaubony, gold and azure, which, at her funeral, were placed with the arms of her ancestors in banners, banner rolls, lozenges, and efcutcheons, and quartered on her monument. The exact time of her death is uncertain; but it appears, by a warrant to the heralds, to have been in the month of December, in the fecond year of Elizabeth's reign.-It is faid that this lady, amidft her fufferings for the reformed religion, was once reduced to fuch mifery, as, after wandering up and down till fhe was faint, to be obliged to lie a long winter's night in a churchyard. There are two infcriptions on her tomb; the firft in Latin verfe, defcribing her virtues and accomplishments; the fecond in English, which is little more than an account of her refpective alliances. Against the wall, between this tomb and that of John of

Eltham, is a monument erected to the memory of Nicholas Monk, provoft of Eton, bishop of Here ford, and brother to George Monk duke of Albemarle, &c. He died

the 11th of December, 1661, in the fifty-first year of his age. This monument was erected by his grandfon Chriftopher Rawlinson, Efq. in the year 1723. Near this is a small monument, on which lie the figures of William of Windfor, fixth fon of Edward III. who died in his infancy; and of Blanch of the Tower, fifter to William, who likewife died young. They obtained their furnames from the places of their nativity. It is remarkable, they are dreffed in the habits of their time, the boy in a fhort doublet, and the girl in a horned head-drefs.

In this chapel are several perfons interred of lefs note than those already mentioned; particularly Henry Ferne, D. D. bishop of Chester, who died the 16th of March 1662, having enjoyed his bishopric only five weeks. Here is also a very antique figure in a mafs habit, engraved on a brass plate, and placed on a flat ftone in the pavement; under which lie the remains of Robert de Walby, who, as appears by the infcription, was firft an Auguftin monk, and attended Edward the black prince into France, where, being young, he profecuted his ftudies, and made a furprizing progrefs in natural and moral philofophy, phyfic, the languages, and in the canon law; and being likewife an eloquent preacher and found divine, was made divinity profeffor in the univerfity of Thouloufe; where he continued till called by Richard II. to the bishopric of Man, from whence he was removed to the archbishopric of Dublin; but not liking that fituation, he was advanced to the fee of Chichester, and afterwards to

the

the archbishopric of York. He died the 29th of May, in the year $397.

[To be continued.]

HISTORY

OF THE JEWISH RELIGION.

I. THE ANTIENT JEWS. SECT. IV. OF THE MOSAICAL OECONOMY.

IN

N every city, town, or village, fome of the moft refpectable of the inhabitants, or elders of the people, were to be appointed judges, and in the adminiftration of justice, they were strictly commanded to act impartially. No refpect was to be paid to the characters, or ranks of perfons; and a dreadful curfe was pronounced against fuch as thould take bribes. The origin of this prac tice is of great antiquity; but the end and defign of it has never been properly accounted for, which is the more furprising, becaufe the thing itfelf is very emblematical and expreffive.

Judges fitting in the gates of cities, point out, first, that juftice and equity are the most fecure guards and fafety of a people. Secondly, that justice, in its executive part, fhould be in that place which divides citizens from strangers. Laftly, it was, that juftice might be public, that all those who were going to, or coming from the city, might be impreffed with a proper fenfe of the laws, the nature of rewards and punishments, the neceffity they were under to obey them, the force of moral obligations, and above all, the fear and love of God. There was, however, an appeal from thefe inferior courts, whether relating to matters of a civil or criminal nature. The party, who thought himfelf injured, entered his appeal before the fupreme judge, or the king, who called to his affiftance the whole body of priests and Levites, and the

majority of the votes determined the affair. If either of the contending parties refufed to abide by the final decifion, he was condemned to fuffer death; for not to acknowledge fuch a folemn judgment, was to deny the authority of God himself, whe had delegated his authority to the judges, priefts, and Levites.

The perfon who spoke difrefpectfully of a judge, was confidered as a blafphemer; and if he was found guilty, by the evidence of two or three witneffes, then he was to be put to death; for to revile à judge was to revile God, he being confidered as his representative on earth.

The nature of fervitude among the Jews, has never been properly attended to, and the Mofaic law has been cenfured merely because the weak could not, and the wicked would not understand it. If we confider the state of a people living without commerce, confined to agriculture, we must naturally believe, that many perfons would be often out of employment; and had many of these perfons been fet at liberty, they would have perished for want of fubfiftence. The Jewith flavery was two-fold, and arose from a variety of circumstances. When men were reduced to poverty, it was in the power of their creditors to fell them; but they were not to be treated as strangers; they were to be treated in the fame manner as we do hired fervants, and when the year of jubilee took place, they and their wives, with their children, were to be fet at liberty, and they were to return to the poffeffions of their ancestors. These perfons thus purchased, or in other words, who were took into a state of fervitude, were not to be fold by their mafters, nor were they to be treated with any fort of feverity. When fuch a fervant was discharged, his mafter was to give him as, much corn, wine, oil, and other neceffaries, as he and his wife and children could carry home to their houfes. This was done to keep them in mind of the flavery they had fuffered in the

land

land of Egypt, and the liberal manner in which God, by an act of his almighty power, delivered them from bondage.

In the patriarchal age, the power of masters over their fervants was unlimited, for they had a right to put them to death whenever they pleased; but after the children of Ifrael had returned from Egypt, this power was confined within proper bounds. Such as engaged for a limited time, were to have leave to go out at the expiration thereof; and if he had been married in a state of fervitude, his wife and children were also to be fet at liberty; but if his mafter gave him a wife, both fhe and the children were to remain the property of the mafter. This circumstance, however, feldom took place, for the law had provided a remedy.

It frequently happened, that when the term of fervitude expired, the fervant, having no profpect of procuring a fubfiftence, and, at the fame time, unwilling to part with his wife and children, told his mafter he would ferve him during the remainder of his life. In fuch cales, the mafter took him before the elders, or judges, and, in their prefence, an awl was bored through his ear, which was fixed to a poft in the gate of the city, after which ceremony, he, with his wife and children, were to ferve the mafter till their deaths. It was the fame with women fervants, who were bound by the fame obligations. From the humanity that runs through every part of the Mofaic law, we may naturally and reasonably conclude, that the fervant himself was not put to much pain, but that the ceremony was rather formal than cruel. With refpect to ftrangers, or the people who came from other countries, they were, at all times, permitted to redeem themselves, and this was to be done in an equitable manner before judges. All the arrears due to them, were to be paid, and if the time of their fervitude was not expired, then they were to make a Vol. II. No. 12.

proper deduction, fo that the mafter hould not receive the leaft injury..

The children of thofe who lived in the heathen nations, were to be treated by the children of Ifrael as flaves; they were to be bought and fold as private proverty, but they were to be treated with tenderness. This practice was not wholly confined to the Jews, for we find many inftances of it in the hiftories of the other nations. The heathens, who lived around the land of Paleftine, were divided into fmall tribes, under chieftains or commanders, who led them out annually to rob and plunder; and during thefe excurfions it often happened, that many innocent perfons were made captives, and fold as flaves. These perfons were transferred to all those who purchased the eftate upon which they refided and they were to remain perpetual flaves, unless they could redeem themfelves. It was common to affign fome of those flaves as a marriage portion to a bride, and of this we have many inftances in the Greek and Roman hiftory. Nay, we may add to the dishonour of Chriftians, the prefent age affords us many melancholy examples of this inhuman practice. Mr. Granville Sharp has made it appear almost to a demonftration, that as the Jewish common-wealth was abolished in confequence of cruelty to flaves and ftrangers, fo the flave trade, as carried on by the inhabitants of this country, will at last bring deftruction upon us.

When a master ftruck his fervant, and the wound proved mortal, fo that the fervant died within the compafs of a day or two, then the crime was to be confidered as capital, and the mafter was to fuffer death for it; but if he lived beyond that time, then the mafter was to be dif charged, because the flave was his property. It is needless to make any comments on this part of the Jewish law, because the circumftances of the times required fome fort of feverity; and the children of Ifrael being a

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