In Pott 8vo. Price 1s. ELEMENTARY COURSE OF PRACTICAL SCIENCE PART I BY HUGH GORDON, M.A. INSPECTOR OF SCIENCE SCHOOLS UNDER THE SCIENCE AND ART DEPARTMENT London MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY INTRODUCTION. To the Teacher.-To Examiners. MEASUREMENT. MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH.-The English System. The Decimal System. The English Standard of Length.— The French Standard of Length.-Teaching the Metric System.— Exercises 1-6. Measurement of Length and Breadth or Surface. Exercises 7-10.-Measurement of Bulk or Volume.-Exercises 11-13. MEASUREMENT ог WEIGHT.-Measurement of Weight.-The English System of Weights.-The French System of Weights.— Additions of Interest.—The Parliamentary Standards.—The Scales or Balance. The Method of Weighing.-Important Note on Weighing. -Exercises 14-18.-Graphic Representation of the Weights of the Cubes.-The Weight of Water.-Additions of Interest.-The Metric System.-Exercises 19-23. THE LEVER.-Experiments with simple Balance or Lever.Exercises 24-26.-Application of above Conclusions to the Balance. — Exercises 27-28. THE RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS.-Relative Weights of Liquids.-The Relative Weight Bottle.-Exercises 29-35. The Relative Weights of Liquids by Means of the U Tube.— Exercises 36-37. THE BAROMETER.-The U Tube and the Air.-Exercises 38-40.Addition of Interest-The Storm in Mauritius.—The Relative Weights of Solids.-Exercises 41-43.-The Relative Weights of Solids found by first finding their Volume. Exercises 44-45.-Relative Weights of Solids by Weighing in Water.-Exercises 46-50.-Table of Relative Densities or Specific Gravities. THERMOMETERS.-Expansion and Contraction of Liquids.-Centigrade and Fahrenheit Thermometers.-Exercises 51-58.-The Boiling of Water.-Liebig's Condenser. FILTRATION.-Separation of certain Solids from Water by Straining. --Exercises 59-61. EVAPORATION.-Evaporation at Ordinary Temperatures.-Sea-weed. -The Wet and Dry Bulb Thermometer.-Tabulated Results.Exercises 62-64.—Evaporation of (1) Ordinary Water, (2) Sea Water, (3) Rain Water.-Exercise 65, SOLUBILITY.-Solubility of Salt, Soda, Chalk, etc., in Water.Exercises 66-68. APPENDICES.-Notes on boring Corks, cutting Glass, etc.-List and Price of Apparatus required. London University Matriculation ELEMENTARY GENERAL SCIENCE BY A. T. SIMMONS, B.Sc. (LOND.) ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LONDON AND LIONEL M. JONES, B.Sc. (LOND.) ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LONDON This book has been modelled upon the syllabus of the new subject "General Elementary Science" which is to be compulsory for all candidates for Matriculation at the London University. It is also suitable for the new "Elementary Science" paper of the University Junior Examinations. London MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Nature." It contains an admirable course of practical work covering all the principles of mechanics, physics, and chemistry included in the new subject for the London Matriculation. The volume contains an instructive course of work which will be of real assistance to both teachers and pupils in schools where elementary science is taught." ... Academy.—“We have given the little work a very careful examination, and are convinced that no better introduction to physics and chemistry is at present available." Athenæum.-"We have pleasure in admitting that it would be difficult to prepare for pupils' execution a better series of illustrative experiments." Journal of Education.—“This is a very good type of an elementary text-book, written in a literary style far too rare in science books. The experimental nature of the subject is continually kept in view, and instructions are given for over three hundred experiments." Educational Times." It is planned on a thorough experimental basis, and the style is clear and interesting." Education." The work can be thoroughly recommended." Educational News.-"This is an ideal manual for class use, and to teachers and pupils preparing for examinations, it is simply invaluable." Teacher's Aid." Alike in get-up, matter, and illustrations, the book is one which can be thoroughly recommended." Pupil Teacher.-"It would be difficult to conceive a more admirably adapted text-book." Literature.-"In clearness and conciseness it leaves little to be desired." Saturday Review.-"It is not easy in dealing with physics, mechanics, and chemistry, for the beginner in one volume to decide what to include and what to omit; however, the authors have been very successful in this respect." Electrical Review.-" As regards accuracy, the authors may be thoroughly depended on, and the book is quite reliable.” 164 ELEMENTARY GENERAL SCIENCE CHAP. Such a from a plane mirror, that is, a flat reflecting surface. mirror can be made from a variety of substances, but the most common is bright metal or silvered glass. To find the relation between the angle at which a beam strikes a mirror and the angle at which it is reflected, the following experiment shoul be performed. EXPT. 162.-Fix two slabs of wood at right angles as in Fig. 73, AB, CD. Against the upright slab place a piece of FIG. 73.-Arrangement to illustrate the Law of Reflection. glass EF with blackened back so that reflection only takes place from the front. Upon the horizontal slab place a sheet of white paper. Stick a pin b in the wood against the glass, and place another pin near the position a. Now procure another pin and stick it into the wood at c in such a position that c, b, and the image of a are in a straight line. Draw with a finely pointed pencil a line along the edge of the glass xy; then take glass and pins The paper will be marked by the pin-holes and the line xy. Draw lines through the pinholes, and at b a normal Measure the angles Repeat the experiment xy. to xy, that is, a line perpendicular to abd, cbd, and compare them (Fig. 74). two or three times, with the pins in different positions, and so determine that the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal. |