Geography of the British Isles

BY

SIR ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, F.R.S.

CONTENTS

I. THE BRITISH ISLES.-Geographical Position; Outer Form and Size; General Surface Features; Climate; Plants and Animals; Population; Products, Industries, Commerce; Internal Communications. II. England and WALES.-England, Name and Size; Surface; Coast-Line; Drainage System; Mineral Fields; Population and Political Subdivisions; Wales; Islands. III. SCOTLAND.-Name and Size; Surface; Coast-Line; Drainage; Mineral Fields; Population and Political Subdivisions. IV. IRELAND.-Name, Shape, and Size; Surface; Coast-Line; Drainage; Mineral Fields; Population and Subdivisions.

PRESS OPINIONS

Athenæum- "A favourable specimen of what a book of this type should be. It is surprising how large an amount of information, and what variety of matter, the author has succeeded in crowding into 127 very small pages without rendering his little book repellent."

Literary World-"Dr. A. Geikie is so well known by his able and lucid treatises on Geology that those who believe in combining some instruction in that branch of science with the teaching of Geography will welcome a work like the Elementary Geography of the British Isles, issued in Macmillan's Geographical Series.' We have rarely met with a school book at once so delightful and so valuable."

The Scotsman says "The book is prepared in accordance with the plan of instruction advocated in the author's Teaching of Geography, a work the value of which was pointed out here on its appearance last year. It lays special stress on the description of the physical features of the country, and is in every way an admirable text-book for children.'

The Practical Teacher says "This is an excellent little summary of the geography of our islands. The islands are first treated of as a whole, and their size, surface, climate, productions, and other interesting features described. Then each country is treated greater detail, a short description of each county and its chief towns being added to the physical features. The style is clear and interesting, and the details are full without being unnaturally burdensome. The figures for areas and population are enclosed in brackets, and can thus be learned or otherwise at the discretion of the teacher."

The Scottish Geographical Magazine says-"This little volume of 'Macmillan's Geographical Series has been prepared in accordance with the method of instruction explained and advocated in the author's book on The Teaching of Geography, which is the foundation of the whole series. The principle that lies at the root of Dr. Geikie's teaching is that Geography should be a real and not merely a verbal study--that it should be treated so as to appeal to the observing powers, the judgment, and the imagination of the scholar, and not merely to his memory. This root-principle has been carefully observed in the present little book. It does not consist, like the old text-books and some of the new ones, of mere lists of names that are 'linked with no idea or association.' Each place, in accordance with the author's rule, is 'connected with the physical feature, some fact in history, or some other human interest.' That is excellent, and it is admirably worked out in the book. So also is the description of the physical features of the British Isles, on which the political geography is founded,"

Maps and Map Drawing

By W. A. ELDERTON

London

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

CONTENTS

I. HISTORY OF MAPS.-Ancient, Mediaeval, Modern Maps. II. SURVEYING. Scales; The Vernier; Surveys by Eye, with Chain and Cross-staff; Military Surveys; Trigonometrical Surveys; Determination of Latitudes and Longitudes; Spherical Triangles; Levelling and Contouring. III. GLOBES.-Old and curious Globes; Manufacture; The Stand; Use for general Study, for determining Directions and Distances, for explaining Rhumb-line and Great Circle Sailing, for judging Latitudes and Longitudes, Length of Nights, Twilight, etc. IV. MAP-DRAWING.-Difficulty of expressing Sphere on Plane; Orthographic, Gnomonic or Central, Stereographic, Equidistant or Globular, Conical, Cylindrical, and Mercator's Projections; Drawing the Map; Diminishing and Enlarging; Symbols; Contours; Hachuring; Minor Details; Use of Map for Study, for Reference. V. COPYING MAPS.-Method for Students; Uses. VI. MEMORY MAPS.—Their Importance; What to remember; How to remember; Illustrated by simple Map of France, by more exact Map of England and Wales, by Mercator's Chart of World.

PRESS OPINIONS

Morning Post-"May be recomiended as a useful book to those students who have an elementary knowledge of Geometry, and the use of the more common mathematical instruments. A careful perusal of Mr. Elderton's book will remove many of the difficulties experienced by beginners, and help them to retain in their memories the form of the countries they have to delineate."

Schoolmaster "To any student desirous of acquainting himself with the principles and methods on which maps and globes are constructed, or surveys made, we commend this small manual. It sketches the history of map-making, and suggests modes of copying and 'what is, perhaps, most important,' of remembering maps when copied. To many these suggestions must be valuable."

Nature "This little book will be found to form a most useful supplement to the works on geography published in the same series. In it an excellent brief account is given concerning the history of maps from the records of the Egyptians down to the present day. Then follow various methods of making surveys, including descriptions of the various instruments employed, such as the prismatic compass theodolite sextant,

&c."

ΑΝ ELEMENTARY GEOGRAPHY

OF

INDIA, BURMA, AND CEYLON

BY

H. F. BLANFORD, F.R.S.

LATE METEOROLOGICAL REPORTER TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

London

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

CONTENTS

The Indian Empire.-Influence of India's Geography on its People; Geographical Position; Outer Form, Size, and Boundaries; General Surface Features; Climates; Plants and Animals; Population; Languages; Religion and Caste; Products, Industries, and Commerce; Internal Communications. The Government of India and its Provinces.—The Supreme Government; Provincial Governments; Native States; Foreign Possessions. The Provinces of India.-Balúchistán; Kashmir; The Punjab; North-West Provinces and Oudh; Bengal; Assam; Rájputána; Central India Agency; Central Provinces; Bombay; Berar; Hyderabad; Mysore and Coorg; Madras; Burma; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Ceylon. Foreign Possessions in India. Frontier States.— Afghánistán; Nepal.

PRESS OPINIONS

Academy-"The first portion of the book, treating of India generally, is a model of clear exposition, and is made as interesting as the character of the subject permits." Speaker "The book is at once practical and scientific, and it is not merely wellwritten, but admirably arranged. No aspect of the subject appears to have been overlooked, and we are not aware of any text-book which gives in similar compass as vivid and interesting a summary of the whole field of inquiry. The volume is well illustrated."

Saturday Review-"Mr. Blanford's Elementary Geography of India, Burma, and Ceylon is a valuable addition to 'Macmillan's Geographical Series.' In method and arrangement it is a model of clearness and conciseness. The woodcuts are good, and the statistical information, admirably tabulated, is neither more nor less than is necessary."

NORTH-WEST PROVINCES AND OUDH

79

the Ganges and Jumna; the seat of the provincial government since 1857; also a place of Hindu pilgrimage. In the fort is a column bearing an inscribed edict of Asoka of the third century B.C. Bareilly (113,000), in Rohilkand, on the Rámganga, 96 miles above its confluence with the Ganges.

Other places of importance are-Meerut (99,500), the chief military cantonment of the province, on the Gangetic

doáb, 40 miles north-east of Delhi: Muttra (Mathura) (47,500), on the right bank of the Jumna between Delhi and Agra, an ancient Hindu city, the scene of Krishna's youthful adventures, and now the centre of the Vaishnava sect of Hindus; remarkable for the beauty of its Hindu architecture: Roorkee (11,000), the headquarters of the engineering staff of the Ganges canal, and the chief engineering school of India Moradabad (67,000), in Rohilkand, well known for its niello brass ware: Aligarh (60,000), in the doab, north-east of Muttra, the seat of an institute founded by an enlightened Muhammadan gentleman, Syud Ahmed, for

Geography of Europe

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

BY

JAMES SIME, M.A.

London

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. Europe; II. Greece; III. Italy; IV. The Iberian Peninsula ; V. France; VI. The British Isles; VII. Germany; VIII. Switzerland; IX. Austria-Hungary; X. The Low Countries; XI. Denmark; XII. Scandinavia; XIII. Russia; XIV. The Balkan Peninsula.

PRESS OPINIONS

University Correspondent-" Mr. Sime's book is worthy of its place in this admirable series. The whole treatment is fresh and suggestive; in particular the stress laid on the peculiarities of the inland seas, and on the relation of race and language, and the classification of valleys as 'longitudinal' and 'transverse,' call for praise."

Schoolmaster-"With a good atlas before him the Geographical student will have great delight in reading this very 'readable' volume. Many excellent engravings of local scenery are scattered over its three hundred pages, and the book will be highly valued by every intelligent young person, as containing an excellent summary of necessary knowledge."

Scottish Geographical Magazine—"This is another volume in the series of geographical books edited by Dr. Archibald Geikie, and it resembles the others in its admirable method and its high aim. One of its most valuable features is a careful summary of the history of each country, with special reference to successive races and forms of government. The illustrations, which are specially prepared, are admirable." Oxford Magazine -"Can be heartily recommended to any would-be student of Geography.'