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PART I.

Outlines of European History—

I.-Genealogies.

II.-Notes,

PART II.

Summaries, Genealogies, and Lists of Sovereigns.

PRESS OPINIONS

English Historical Review.—“It will be a useful book of reference, embodying much more information than the well-known epitome of Ploetz."

American Historical Review. "It is in all respects the best book of its kind and on its period in the English language."

Westminster Review.-" Ought to prove most useful to students. The dates and events are given in the shortest possible form, but the leading facts in the history of the principal States of Europe are clearly indicated."

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Cambridge Review.-"A most welcome work. Now that some knowledge of European History is to be a sine qua non for the Historical Tripos, this book should command a large sale in Cambridge, for it has, we believe, no parallel in English."

University Extension Journal.-"Mr. Hassall has acquitted himself of a difficult task with extraordinary success. So those who are entering upon the study of any period of European History-and indeed to maturer students-this volume is likely to prove an invaluable ally." Journal of Education." Shows evidences of great care and wide reading, and is, we think, likely to be useful to students and teachers." Times.-"As everything in such a case must depend on the accuracy and historical acumen of the compiler, students and teachers may well be congratulated on obtaining the assistance of a trained historian like Mr. Hassall."

Speaker." Mr. Hassall has done a useful piece of work with care and judgment, and we have no doubt that many a bewildered student will learn to use his volume and to bless his name."

Pall Mall Gazette.-"We welcome the 'Handbook of European History' compiled by Arthur Hassall, M. A. Such a book has long been wanted by writers and readers to whom ready access to dates of important events is a necessity, and Mr. Hassall's book promises to fill the void most adequately. The idea of the book is excellent, and it will be widely appreciated.'

Manchester Guardian.-"Such a work is, if well executed, of the highest value as a book of general reference, no less than as a help to students and teachers of history. We are glad to say that, as far as we have been able to test it, Mr. Hassall's compilation appears both accurate and comprehensive."

238

HANDBOOK OF EUROPEAN HISTORY

GERMANY.

1763. Peace of Hubertsburg between Prussia and
Austria (Feb. 10):
:-

(1) The restoration of the status quo-Austria
restoring Glatz, and Frederick evacuating
Saxony.
(2) By a secret article Frederick agreed to sup-
port the election of the Archduke Joseph
as King of the Romans.

1764. Death of Harrach, President of the Austrian Council of War (1738-1764).

A defensive alliance is made between Prussia and Russia (April 11) to guarantee the existing constitutions of Poland and Sweden, to control the election to the Polish throne, and to protect the Polish Dissidents.

The Archduke Joseph is elected King of the Romans, the Prussian opposition being withdrawn.

1765. Death of the Emperor Francis (August 18).

JOSEPH II, 1765-1790.

Married (1) Isabella of Parma.

(2) Maria Josepha, daughter of the Elector of Bavaria, the Emperor Charles VII.

1766. Prussia, with Russia, interferes in Poland on behalf of the Dissidents.

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1764. Stanislaus Poniatow

ski, the nephew of the Czartoryski, and the protégé of Russia, was elected King of Poland (Sept. 7). 1765. Death of Don Philip

of Parma. Du Tillot governs Parma during the minority of Ferdinand, and carries out reforms.

The Archduke Leopold begins his government of Tuscany. 1766. D'Aranda succeeds Squillacci, who is dismissed by Charles III. Christian VII, whose wife was a sister of George III, succeeds Frederick V on the Danish throne.

William V of Holland begins to rule. Dismissal of Squillacci, owing to riots in Spain.

ENGLAND.

1703. By the Peace of Paris with France and Spain, England secured (1) St. Vincent, Tobago, Dominica, Grenada, Senegal, Minorca, and the Grenadines, (2) Canada, (3) Florida.

in

Bute is succeeded by Grenville (April), whose Cabinet cluded Halifax, Egremont, Shelburne, Sandwich, and Gower. Wilkes is attacked and becomes notorious. The Bedford section join the Government (Sept.), and Shelburne retires.

1764. Expulsion of Wilkes from the House of Commons (Jan. 19) for having written a seditious libel.

1765. The Stamp Act is passed (Mar. 10). Burke enters Parlia

ment.

Discussions on a Regency Bill alienate the King from his Ministers, and the Rockingham Ministry succeeds that of Grenville (July). 1766. The Stamp Act is repealed (Feb. 21), and general warrants are declared illegal.

A Declaratory Act is passed, declaring England's right to tax America.

Fall of the Rockingham Ministry (July).

The Pitt - Grafton Ministry succeeds it. An English force occupies the Falkland Islands.

A. D. 1763-1766

FRANCE.

239

1763. Peace of Paris (Feb. 10) between England and France :(1) France loses Canada, Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton, and the Mississippi becomes the boundary between the English and the French.

(2) France retained certain fishing rights off Newfoundland and in the Gulf of St. Law

rence.

(3) France regains Martinique, Guadaloupe and St. Lucia-the English kept Grenada, the Grenadines, Tobago, Dominica, and St. Vincent.

(4) Goree was restored to France, and Senegal
given to the English.

(5) French settlements in India were restored,
but no French fortifications permitted.
(6) France gave up Minorca in exchange for
Belleisle.

(7) France and England to retire from the
German war.

A royal Declaration establishes the freedom of the corn trade in France (May 25).

Choiseul-Praslin is Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1763 to 1766.

1764. Death of Madame de Pompadour.

Suppression of the Jesuits in France (Nov. 26). 1765. Death of the Dauphin (Dec.). His son (Louis XVI) becomes heir to the throne.

1766. Choiseul again became Minister of Foreign Affairs, remaining also Minister of War; and Choiseul-Praslin takes over the Marine.

Lorraine falls to the French Crown on the death of Stanislaus Leszczynski.

Louis XV attacks the Parlement of Paris, and declares that the sovereign power resides in himself (March).

An Order of Council orders the observance of the Gallican maxims of 1682, and repeals the Order of 1731 for silence.

Now Ready. Globe 8vo. Price 3s. 6d.

A HISTORY OF ROME
FOR BEGINNERS

FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE CITY TO
THE DEATH OF AUGUSTUS

BY

EVELYN SHIRLEY SHUCKBURGH, M.A.

LATE FELLOW OF EMMANUEL COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE

AUTHOR OF A TRANSLATION OF POLYBUS; A HISTORY OF ROME, ETC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, AND CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES

London

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

PREFACE

THIS book is not a mere abbreviation of my larger history. It has been written for the most part entirely afresh, and is intended to put the main events of Roman history, both in regard to political development and imperial extension, as simply and briefly as seemed possible. Military events, as such, are given with a minimum of detail, and the effects of campaigns have been dwelt upon rather than their nature and circumstances. Whether I have succeeded in hitting the mean between a Primer and an advanced History I must leave to the judgment of my readers but that has been my aim. The book, such as it is, owes a great deal to the kind criticisms and suggestions of my friend and former colleague at Eton, Mr. C. H. EVERARD, formerly Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, whose patience in reading the proofs I am glad to acknowledge with gratitude.

A HISTORY OF ROME TO THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM

By E. S. SHUCKBURGH, M.A.

PRESS OPINIONS

Times-"In his eight hundred pages, well-arranged with a running analysis and a good index, and with a list of authorities given at the end of every chapter, Mr. Shuckburgh has accumulated an enormous mass of facts, and has stated them clearly, without parti pris, and, so far as we can judge from a very cursory inspection, accurately in the main. We cannot doubt that so careful a volume as this is destined for a long time to come to be the accepted general history of Rome in the higher forms of schools."

Athenæum "The style of the book is vigorous and interesting. The story seldom flags. We must praise Mr. Shuckburgh for his careful dealing with geography, shown in many conscientious attempts to identify towns or battle-sites by the aid of the latest researches of foreign students. We must give him especial credit for the way in which he brings out the tactical and strategical meaning of many battles, which, when read in many histories, merely produce the effect of confused noise and garments rolled in blood.' We have already praised the vigour and spirit of his warlik narrative."

Saturday Review-"As a book for boys-the best boys in a good school-this History of Rome is admirable in the thoroughness and thoughtfulness with which it expounds the conquering mission of the Senate and people of Rome. The other, and hardly a less merit, is the lucidness and attractiveness of the style."

Daily News-Mr. Shuckburgh belongs to the modern school of writers who see something in history besides battles and sieges, and court ceremonial and intrigue.

The social progress of the Romans, their arts and letters, come in for a share of attention in the course of Mr. Shuckburgh's clear and skilfully condensed narrative. The references to the source of Roman history in the ancient writers at the end of the chapters should prove particularly serviceable to those for whom more particularly the work is intended."

Daily Chronicle--"He brings to his arduous task an adequate equipment of classical knowledge, comparative study, and facility in narrative composition. The marginal headings are exceedingly useful; the sketch-maps and plans are practically indispensable; and the lists of provinces and colonies, and the figures of the census at successive dates, placed at the head of various chapters, are important artificial helps to the clear and full grasping of the expansion of the Roman power."

Manchester Guardian-"It supplies us with a full, accurate, vigorous, and, on the whole, carefully-balanced narrative of the history of Rome down to the point where Mr. Bury takes it up. Rome's conquest of the Mediterranean world forms its main thread, but the transformation of her constitution and society are allotted proportionate space, down to the time of the Gracchi, in separate chapters. Notes on special points, and references to authorities, are given with discretion, and two special features which deserve commendation have been introduced into the book,-lists of colonies and provinces, with the dates of their foundation and the acquisition, and numbers of the census printed at the head of the chapters, and a very full marginal analysis in italics. A good index is provided, and there are twenty-four maps and plans in the text,"

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