the difficulty which beginners experience in fully comprehending the significance of the various devices by which the forms and positions of objects are represented. The first care of a teacher is to ensure that the student shall acquire the faculty of readily forming a correct idea of the relations which exist between the planes of projection, the lines and figures drawn on paper, and the shapes and positions of the corresponding objects in space. This consideration has been the main factor in determining the arrangement of the subject-matter of this work and its method of treatment.

OPINIONS OF PART I.

Practical Engineer.—“The book altogether is one which we have pleasure and confidence in recommending both to students and teachers alike. As a preparatory text-book for the elementary stage of the South Kensington Syllabus it is undoubtedly the best that has yet been published."

Nature."This is a work which is very carefully compiled, and from which a student can extract for himself a great deal of information without outside assistance.

Manchester Guardian.-"The explanations seem clear, and instructions are given for the construction of cardboard models, which should be very helpful to the beginner."

Scotsman. "It gives a well-ordered and serviceable account of its subject, which will prove especially useful to those who have to go through the examinations of the Science and Art Department."

OF PART II.

Oxford Magazine.-"We recommend the book most highly." Educational News.-"This very complete treatise has the stamp of thoroughness throughout. Every branch of the subject is treated in a most interesting fashion. The all-important fact that this subject is of no use to the practical man is never lost sight of, and the author's experience in the College of Science enable them to set down with some authority what they have found to be the shortest and clearest methods of working. The paper and type, as well as the style of setting out the problems, are all that can be desired.

Industries and Iron.-" A very useful work,"

from their Lending Library for Teachers

Now Ready. Second Edition. Revised and Enlarged.
Royal 4to. Price 4s. 6d.

Educational Times.-" Unquestionably the weak or timid hand will be greatly assisted by these progressive aids."

Speaker. "The plates which illustrate the lessons are carefully graduated, and the way in which the black-board may be turned to ingenious account in almost every department of work in infant schools is admirably shown. The hints to teachers are both pithy and suggestive, and it is easy to see that a great deal of pains has been taken to make this unconventional school-book not less attractive than practical."

Schoolmaster." A wonderfully useful handbook that ought to be as much a part of every working teacher's equipment as is his duster and chalk. The feature of the book is the twenty-seven large plates of stiff black paper, on which are delineated in white a multitude of suggestive designs for black-board illustrations. The author's notes and explanations are also very helpful. Every teacher who sees this book will straightway want to possess it."

Guardian." Not only in elementary schools, but in those of a higher grade, an ability to draw on the black-board what may be easily recognised by the scholars is a desirable, and often indispensable, accomplishment for a teacher. Those who have no friend or instructor to teach them will find Black-board Drawing (Macmillan's), by M. Swannell, an excellent guide, though it is chiefly intended to help them to teach children. The circle is insisted on as an important foundation, ovals and spirals coming later. On the twenty-seven plates are shown not only designs, to which children may be led on from Froebel's 'gifts,' but how the black-board may be made a useful adjunct to the objectlesson, especially if the children do the drawing. The shading in particular is excellent."

Academy.-"In this book will be found copious and clear directions which cannot fail to be understood by the most stupid of parents. By a conscientious use of it, and the excellent illustrations which it contains, together with a small black-board and a piece of chalk, a child with the slightest turn for drawing can be conducted through circles to pictures of clocks, bicycles, fish, fowl, and finally St. Paul's Cathedral."

Glasgow Herald." Its distinctive excellence is that the lessons are well graded, and that the instructions accompanying each are clearly drawn up."

Scotsman." The lessons are designed to teach young children to draw for themselves on the black-board and to illustrate geography and arithmetic. The examples of drawings actually made by children are most interesting testimony to the utility and attractiveness of the exercise which the book regulates so well, and the album is well worthy of the attention of teachers of children.'

from their Lending Library for Teachers.

Now Ready. 4to. Price 4s. 6d.

A GRADUATED COURSE

OF

DRAWING FOR INFANTS

BY

C. H. FOWLER

London

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

THE REV. S. W. SHARPE, M.A., lately H.M. Chief Inspector of Schools, writes as follows:

"I have great pleasure in recommending Miss Fowler's Course of Drawing for adoption or for suggestion in Infants' Schools. I have been much impressed with the variety of design and the originality of combination worked by infants in my presence. A course which cultivates inventiveness side by side with precision must be far more valuable than one which begins and ends with the mere reproduction of a copy. The work itself shows that ingenuity and accurate execution may be developed pari passu by a well-planned system."

STANDARD I.

DIRECTIONS.-This course should be worked out first on slates, and shaded with slate pencils. When a fair amount of proficiency is acquired the drawing may be done on paper ruled ′′ sq., the children in Standard I. on "sq., the latter giving greater freedom of movement owing to the length of line. Shading on paper to be done in coloured crayons; water colours may be used on large squares.

FIRST SERIES-(ON SLATES ONLY, FOR BABIES' CLASS)
Suitable for Children between the ages of Three and Five
PERPENDICULAR AND HORIZONTAL LINES

Slates.-8" x 6" ruled" square.

Pencils.-Sticks only, with sharpened points. Short pieces must never be used. Great attention must be paid to holding the pencil in proper position, i.e. at right angles to the line drawn. Encourage free movement of fingers, and guard against holding the pencil too near the point.

Shading. This must not be commenced until the children are able to draw good lines.

All shading to be done in straight lines, running parallel to the perpendicular lines in square.

SECOND SERIES

PERPENDICULAR, HORIZONTAL, AND TRUE SLANTING LINES

For Children between the ages of Five and Six

Slates.-Small slates may still be used ruled " square.

Original designs may be started after working through this series. When commencing designs at this early stage it is advisable to give the children a centre and allow them to add to it.

THIRD SERIES-INTRODUCING HALF SLANTING LINES

Suitable for Children between the ages of Six and Seven Slates.-Ruled ".

Paper.-Ruled " squares, shading to be done with coloured crayons. After giving a few copies original designs may be started.

FOURTH SERIES-INTRODUCING CURVES

Suitable for Standard I.

After working through the course of curves, introduce gradually copies containing curved lines.

Original designs.-It will be found a good plan for the children to draw a design on slates, and then to copy it on paper; finally they may design on paper only.

Natural forms.-After working through the course up to this point, natural forms may be attemped, first on paper ruled with squares, and finally on plain paper.