sent and Past, (2) Consonants, (3) Vowels and Diphthongs; 24. Spelling -Section (1) History of English Spelling, (2) Summary of English Spellings; 25. Accentuation, Syllabic Division-Section (1) Words of Native or Teutonic Origin, (2) Words of French or Latin Origin, (3) Syllabic Divisions; 26. Accidence-Section (1) The Forms of Nouns, (2) The Forms of Adjectives, (3) The Forms of Pronouns, (4) The Forms of Verbs, (5) The Forms of Adverbs, (6) The Forms of Prepositions, (7) The Forms of Conjunctions; 27. Compound Words-Section (1) Unrelated or Juxtapositional Compounds, (2) Related or Syntactical Compounds, (3) Disguised Compounds, (4) Mistaken or Apparent Compounds, (5) Hybrid Compounds; 28. Teutonic Prefixes and SuffixesSection (1) Teutonic Prefixes, (2) Suffixes; 29. Secondary Derivatives, Romanic-Section (1) Prefixes, (2) Suffixes; 30. Greek Prefixes and Suffixes-Section (1) Prefixes, (2) Suffixes; 31. Summary of Results in Prefixes and Suffixes; 32. Bilingualism, Doublets, Grimm's Law, Verner's Law. Questions from London Matriculation Papers. Appendix I. Prosody and Poetry; II. Note on Vocalic Sounds by Professor Skeat; III. Figures of Rhetoric; IV. Synonyms; V. Changes of Meaning.

PRESS OPINIONS

GUARDIAN.- "Mr. Nesfield is no mere follower in the footsteps of others; he is a thinker, an investigator, and an experimenter; and though we cannot agree with all his conclusions, yet we feel assured that some of them will be generally accepted as marking a distinct advance on older nomenclature, classification, and definition."

LITERATURE.-"Animated by a praiseworthy and human desire to make English grammar interesting through its culminating stages of expression and literature. . . . For thoroughness, accuracy, and facility of reference Mr. Nesfield's is a book we can unreservedly recommend. It is well stocked with examples, exercises, and questions."

SPEAKER.-"It aims at covering the whole ground, and it apparently does so very efficiently.. Matriculation candidates will probably find this book admirably suited to their wants. . . . The student who uses the book will be taught to think." SCHOOL GUARDIAN.-"Entitled to considerable praise and a hearty welcome."

JOURNAL OF EDUCATION." This may be described as an attempt to combine in a single volume Mason, Morris, and Kellner, and it has much to commend it."

EDUCATIONAL TIMES.-"There is much that is good in Mr. Nesfield's Grammar. ... His book gives evidence of good judgment and experience in teaching."

SCHOOLMASTER.-"The valuable appendices on prosody, synonyms, and other outlying subjects which the student has often had to travel far afield to collect, make

it indispensable to examinees. The whole production is marked by ripe experience, fulness, scholarly treatment, clever arrangement and much freshness. The twenty years' questions, so aptly collated and scattered throughout the book, are gathered from the examination papers of the London University. It is unnecessary to say how much this adds to the value of such a student's hand-book. The teacher looking forward a year hence for London honours should make himself acquainted with this aid."

EDUCATIONAL NEWS.-"Most satisfactory in plan, wise and informing in matter, and meritorious in execution, style, method, and get-up. Within its limits (470 pages) we know of no English grammar-although we have some on our shelves exceeding a thousand pages-so complete, so clear, and so unexceptionable as this. It must be specially useful in the higher classes of secondary schools, and to students of systematic English in colleges, or persons studying for Civil Service, London University, and other professional examinations, and, as it seems to us, indispensable to teachers who wish to understand what to teach and how to teach it."

PUPIL TEACHER. "Students who require a thorough reliable text-book on English grammar should procure English Grammar, Past and Present. It is just the text-book for such examinations as the London University Matriculation Examination, being a very practical and well-arranged book, and Mr. Nesfield has done his work in a manner to command approval.”

TEACHERS' AID. "The book throughout bears the impress of learning and skill on the part of the author, who has here presented an immense amount of matter, so arranged that the student begins with what is fairly familiar, and then goes into the more abstruse and unknown parts of the subject. It seems to be specially adapted to the Matriculation Examination of the London University, and is certainly the best grammar we have seen for that purpose."

SCHOOLMISTRESS.-"Each section of the book has been most thoroughly and ably treated, and the author claims that there is scarcely any question relating to the three branches of English grammar of which the book treats, viz., 'Modern English Grammar,' 'Idiom and Construction,' and 'Historical English and Derivation,' which cannot be answered from information which the book supplies. Test questions, drawn largely from those given in the London Matriculation Examina. tions, are given at the end of each part. The printing and general arrangement of the book are excellent."

EDUCATIONAL NEWS OF SOUTH AFRICA.-" Among the numerous Compendiums of Grammar we do not know any that so combines the higher aspects of the subjects with the ordinary simple elements."

QUEENSLANd educationAL JOURNAL.-"The book is to be recommended for the simplicity and clearness of style and explanation."

SCOTSMAN.-"May be heartily recommended to the attention of teachers."

The subject is dealt with

GLASGOW HERALD.-"A very complete manual. in a strikingly fresh way. . . . The information is remarkably well put and illustrated; the appendices in particular will be found very useful for examination purposes. The same remark applies to the copious sets of questions collected by the author on the three sections of the work."

from their Lending Library for Teachers

Now Ready. Globe 8vo. Price 3s. 6d.

HISTORICAL ENGLISH

AND

DERIVATION

BY

J. C. NESFIELD, M.A.

London

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

CHAPTER 1 Historical Outline-Section (1) English and Cognate Languages, (2) Old English, (3) Middle English, (4) Modern English ; 2. Borrowings-Section, (1) Celtic, (2) Danish or Later Scandian, (3) Dutch, (4) Latin, (5) French, (6) Greek, (7) Modern Borrowings, Miscellaneous; 3. Sounds and Symbols-Section (1) Alphabet, Present and Past, (2) Consonants, (3) Vowels and Diphthongs; 4. Spellings— Section (1) History of English Spelling, (2) Summary of English Spellings; 5. Accentuation, Syllabic Division-Section (1) Words of Native or Teutonic Origin, (2) Words of French or Latin Origin, (3) Syllabic Division; 6. Accidence-Section (1) The Forms of Nouns, (2) The Forms of Adjectives, (3) The Forms of Pronouns, (4) The Forms of Verbs, (5) The Forms of Adverbs, (6) The Forms of Prepositions, (7) The Forms of Conjunctions; 7. Syntax-Section (1) Syntax of Cases, (2) Syntax of Adjectives, (3) Syntax of Pronouns, (4) Syntax of Verbs, (5) The Complex Sentence; 8. Compound Words-Section (1) Unrelated or Juxtapositional Compounds, (2) Related or Syntactical Compounds, (3) Disguised Compounds, (4) Mistaken or Apparent Compounds, (5) Hybrid Compounds; 9. Teutonic Prefixes and Suffixes— Section (1) Prefixes, (2) Suffixes; 10. Romanic Prefixes and SuffixesSection (1) Prefixes, (2) Suffixes; 11. Greek Prefixes and SuffixesSection (1) Prefixes, (2) Suffixes; 12. Summary of Results in Prefixes and Suffixes; 13. Bilingualism, Doublets, Grimm's Law, Verner's Law.

APPENDIX I. Note on Vocalic Sounds by Prof. Skeat; II. List or Doublets.

QUESTIONS On Historical English and Derivation.

INDEX I. Of Subjects; II. Of Selected Words and Phrases.

PRESS OPINIONS

EDUCATIONAL NEWS.-"In the higher classes of Schools, Colleges, Seminaries, and University Extension Centres it will form an interesting, useful, and pleasant course of studies in Classical English, ancient and modern."

EDUCATIONAL TIMES.-" In Mr. Nesfield's carefully written volume of 284 pages we have a practical introduction to historical etymology and syntax, based on good authorities (Skeat, Murray, and others), but affording ample evidence of direct deduction and comparison. It is well calculated for an advanced study of English, and is, on the whole, very clearly and systematically arranged. We may cite the chapters on Borrowings,' 'Sounds and Symbols,' and 'Compound Words' as ex

ceptionally valuable.

There is an excellent Note on Vocalic Sounds' contributed by Professor Skeat. Altogether, we have formed a high opinion of Mr. Nesfield's concise historical treatment of the English language."

LITERATURE.-"The best handbook of historical English, in clearness of arrangement, avoidance of error, and in practical worth, that we have hitherto met with.. The book seems destined to become the standard for universities or the higher forms of schools."

SCHOOLMISTRESS." It is the product of infinite research, yet its pages are everywhere lightened by the teacher's art. We shall be surprised if it does not become widely popular as a student's guide to the history of our language."

PUPIL TEACHER." This book is fascinating in its fulness and simplicity. The author has done his work well, and his efforts have produced a valuable text-book for the general student, and especially suitable for the candidate preparing for the London Matriculation Examination. The excellence of the plan and illustrations, and its completeness will guarantee the success of this work."

SCHOOLMASTER.-"Mr. Nesfield's book shows considerable knowledge of a wide and important subject, a clear view of its several parts, and great industry and skill in the treatment of each. As a book of reference and a working text-book, the volume will prove of great service to the English student. The examination questions and indexes add much to the practical utility of the book."

TEACHERS AID." This is a splendid text-book for the student of English, and the subject has been treated with sufficient fulness to enable any diligent student to do credit to himself or herself in the London Matriculation Examination. Thorough. ness is the distinctive feature of Mr. Nesfield's work, and this may be seen on every page. The chapter on sounds and symbols is very valuable indeed, and has been made, by the author's happy style, highly interesting. The section of the book dealing with derivation is very full, and contains information amply sufficient to meet all needs. The works of Professor Skeat, and the great dictionary of Dr. Murray, are frequently referred to, which shows that the writer has consulted the best authorities before commencing his task."

It

GLASGOW HERALD.-" Exceedingly handy for higher school purposes. contains a large amount of well-put information on the history of the language, and on the derivation of words.'

SCOTSMAN.-"It makes a minute survey of the history of English in its philological and etymological aspects, and gives a clear and interesting exposition of the scientific principles illustrated in the growth of the language as distinguished from its grammatical structure."

ACADEMY.-"It is pleasant to get from a Director of Public Instruction in India such a thoroughly good bit of work as this, and it is of good augury for the progress of education in that Empire. Mr. Nesfield has compressed into less than three hundred pages, a very excellent history both of the accidence and syntax of English. The great laws of sound-change, Grimm's and Verner's, are clearly explained and well illustrated; and the history of sounds in English itself is carefully traced. The chapters on prefixes and suffixes, with all their varied origins and applications, are specially full and minute. A couple of hundred questions, taken from London University Matriculation Papers, and a copious index, complete a very valuable book."

GUARDIAN.-"Readers of medieval and early literature will find the book a useful companion to their texts, and students of pure philology will not refuse it an honoured place beside the works of Morris, Kellner, Sweet, and Skeat.

SATURDAY REVIEW.-"Mr. J. C. Nesfield has done a useful work in his textbook of Historical English and Derivation, which is crammed full of information, but is in no sense a cram-book. He covers the whole ground with great fulness, and gives all the most recent information with regard to the history of our language. As a text-book for the higher classes his work should prove very valuable."