PREFACE.

IT is one object of the present Work to abridge the labour of teaching and learning Arithmetic, by rendering the Rules as simple, and the explanations as intelligible, as possible.

To effect this, several Rules, as those for Interest, Gain and Loss, Exchange, &c., are briefly adverted to, or omitted, because they are but varied applications of the RULE OF THREE; and because, in Counting Houses, TABLES OF INTEREST AND EXCHANGE are always consulted.

Some other Rules, as those for Permutations, Combinations, &c., are likewise omitted, because answers can be much more readily obtained by Algebra.

The Rules for the use of Logarithms are added, as affording a clearer method of extracting the Cube, or any higher, Root, than the ordinary arithmetical one.

It is a second object, to provide the most useful Rules only, previous to the commencement of Algebra; for this is now very generally taught, and is a subject, of which no boy ought to be permitted to remain ignorant.

May, 1833.

R. F. CLARKE.

=Equal to. The sign of Equality; as 4 farthings=1 penny, that is,

4 farthings are equal to 1 penny.

+ Plus, or more. The sign of Addition; as 3 + 2 = 5, that is

3 added to 2, = 5.

X Into. The sign of Multiplication; as 5 × 4 = 20, that is, 5

multiplied into 4= 20.

By. The sign of Division; as 623, that is, 6 divided

by 2=3.

: Is to The signs of Proportion; as 2: 4 :: 8: 16, that is, as 2

:: So is is to 4, so is 8 to 16.

3

18

12

2

The sign of Contraction, or cancelling, which implies that the

numbers 18 and 12 have been struck out, and the numbers

3 and 2 are to be used instead.

ARITHMETIC is the Science of computing by

Numbers.

Its leading Rules are NUMERATION, ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, and DIVISION.

NUMERATION

Teaches to read the value of numbers :

Thus, 23 is read, Twenty-three.

756 is read, Seven hundred and fifty-six.

905 is read, Nine hundred and five.

EXERCISES FOR THE LEARNER.

Write in words the following, 42-87-153-604.

When there are more than three figures, they are numerated thus:

2,340, Two thousand, three hundred and forty.

50,129, Fifty thousand, one hundred and twenty-nine.

718,406, Seven hundred and eighteen thousand, four hundred

and six.

EXERCISES.

Write in words 1,325-72,804-291,570-816,093.

When there are more than six figures, they are numerated thus:

3;209,186, Three millions; two hundred and nine thousand, one hundred and eighty-six.

54;072,831, Fifty-four millions; and seventy-two thousand, eight hundred and thirty-one.

908;375,200, Nine hundred and eight millions; three hundred and seventy-five thousand, two hundred.

B