railroad of any considerable length constructed in Massachusetts is at Quincy, and has been described in the account of that town.

The means of internal communication in Massachusetts, have been much increased by several canals. The first work of the kind, constructed in the United States, was the Middlesex Canal, connecting the tide water at Boston with the Merrimack River above Pawtucket Falls. This opens a water communication between Boston and the interior of the State of New-Hampshire.

The Pawtucket Canal in Lowell, enables boats to surmount the Pawtucket Falls. The Blackstone Canal opens a communication between Providence in Rhode Island, and the interior of Worcester County. The Hampshire and Hampden Canal, now partly constructed, will when completed extend from Northampton to the head of the Farmington Canal on Connecticut State line, and thence to New-Haven. Two short, though expensive canals, have been built at South Hadley and

templated railroads? What railroad has been completed in Massachusetts ?

What other means of internal communication has the State ? Where was the first important canal in the United States constructed? Between what places does it open a communication? Where is the Pawtucket Canal? Between what places does the Blackstone Canal extend? Where is the Hampshire and Hampden Canal ? What will be its extent when completed? What other canals are

Montague, to enable boats to pass the falls of Connecticut River at those places. A canal has been projected and surveyed by the government of the United States across Cape Cod from Barnstable Bay to Buzzard's Bay. These have all been more particularly described in the several towns and counties in which they are situated.

The common roads, the turnpikes, the canals, and the navigable rivers of Massachusetts, afford facilities for internal communication not surpassed by those of any State in the Union.

Mountains. The face of the country in Massachusetts is very uneven. Chains and groups of hills form a large portion of the whole surface, and in the western part of the State there are several mountainous tracts. The ranges of mountains generally extend from north to south. The Taghgannuck ridge lies along the western line of Massachusetts and divides it from New-York; it has two principal summits, Saddle Mountain, which is 4000 feet high, and the most elevated land in the State; and another in Mount Washington, callthere in Massachusetts ? What canal has been projected in the State by the government of the United States? What is said of the means of internal communication in the State generally?

What is the face of the country in Massachusetts ? In what direction do the ridges of mountains generally run? Where is the Taghgannuck ridge? What are its principal summits in Massachusetts ? What is the highest mountain in the State? How high is Saddle Mountain? Where do

ed Taghgannuck Mountain, of considerable height. The Green Mountains pass through the State between Berkshire and the counties on Connecticut River, and have Hoosac Mountain for their principal summit, which is found to be over 2000 feet above the tide water of the Connecticut. These two main ridges of mountains in the State, though divided by a broad and deep valley and each of them intersected by numerous smaller vallies, are considered as a continuation of the Green Mountain chain of Vermont, which is itself but a part of a great range of mountains passing through the eastern country of the United States and called the Alleghanies. The Mount Tom range of mountains, whose principal summit bears the same name, extends along the west bank of Connecticut River. The Lyme range, lying on the east bank of the Connecticut, has Mount Holyoke for one of its greatest elevations. Both the Lyme and Mount Tom ranges extend in a southerly direction into the State of Connecticut almost to Long Island Sound. Mount Toby is a considerable eleva

the Green Mountains pass through this State? What is their principal summit? How high is Hoosac Mountain ? What general remark is made upon the mountains in the west part of Massachusetts? What range of mountains lie on the west bank of Connecticut River? What is the principal summit? What mountains are on the east bank of Connecticut River? How far do these ranges of mountains extend? What is said of Mount Toby? What is

tion lying on the east bank of the Connecticut, but it stands too distinct to be classed with the Lyme ridge, which begins with Mount Holyoke.

Worcester County contains extensive high lands, whose chief elevation is Wachusett. This mountain is 3000 feet above the level of the sea, and is the highest land in Massachusetts except Saddle Mountain. East of Wachusett there are no mountains in the State, though the country is generally hilly and uneven. In the southeastern counties prevail broad, sandy, and unvaried plains.

Soil. The naturally stubborn and not very productive soils of the high and plain lands of Massachusetts, are made to yield heavy crops of grass, Indian corn, hops, and the English grains, by the skilful management of its diligent cultivators. The interval lands on many of the streams are exceedingly fertile, and are generally very easy of cultivation, especially the farms on the beautiful margins of the Nashua, and of the Deerfield, Westfield, and Housatonic Rivers. The best soil in the State is in the valley of the Connecticut. It is so rich that the favored husbandman is under the ne

the principal summit of the high lands in Worcester County? How high is Wachusett ? What is said of the face of the country east of Wachusett Mountain? What is the surface of the southeastern counties?

What is said of the fertility and productions of the high and plain lands of Massachusetts ? What interval lands are particularly productive? Where is the best land in the

cessity of applying but little of that labor and care to its cultivation, which are necessary for other lands in the State naturally less fertile. Agriculture in Massachusetts receives very great attention, and a favorable change in the appearance of the improvements on the lands may be observed by travellers as they come from other States into this. The county agricultural societies and that of the State with their annual cattle shows, have contributed greatly to the improvements introduced within a few years in the management of lands.

Rivers. The Hoosac and Housatonic, the most westerly streams of Massachusetts, spring from the elevated country of the Green and Taghgannuck Mountains, and flow in the deep and fertile vallies between those opposite ridges, the former into Hudson River and the latter into Long Island Sound. From the eastern slope of the Green Mountains descend in rapid currents, Deerfield and Westfield Rivers, with their numerous tributaries; in the latter part of their course they become less rapid, and flowing through rich and extensive intervals, discharge themselves into the Connecticut.

State? What is the condition of agriculture in Massachusetts compared with that of other States? What has particularly tended to improve it within a few years?

Where do the Hoosac and Housatonic Rivers take their rise? Where do they flow?

Give an account of the origin and course of Deerfield and Westfield Rivers.