Remark. The supines are supposed to have been nouns of conscienti- the fourth declension, that in um, a noun in the accusative case; that in u, a noun in the dative case (u for ui). Immaturus, -a, -um, Religiose, unripe. ously. Immortalitas, -ätis, f., Rogo, 1, I ask. deathlessness. Sano, 1, heal (E. R. sanatory). Advento, 1, I come to, Maturus, -a, -um, ripe, Statio, -onis, f., a station, a post. Supero, 1, I surpass, overcome. Tolero, 1, I endure, bear. Tracto, 1, I handle, treat. Utilitas, -atis, f., utility. Vide ne, see thou do not. Rule. The conjunctions ut, that, in order that, so that, so as, and ne, not to, so that not, to prevent, require after them the subjunctive mood. EXERCISE 84.-LATIN-ENGLISH. 1. Sæpe evenit ut utilitas cum honestate certet. 2. Vide ne pecces contra virtutis præcepta. 3. Omnes parentes optant ut filii literas diligenter tractent. 4. Ita vivere debemus ut in omni re rectam conscientiam servemus. 5. Medicus omnem curam adhibet ut ægrotum sanet. 6. Amo te ut me redămes. 7. Dux imperavit ut milites stationes suas servarent. 8. Heri ambulam ut tristem animum exhilarem. EXERCISE 85.-ENGLISH-LATIN. 1. See that your son does not sin. 2. Dost thou sin against the precepts of virtue? 3. A wise father takes care that his children do not sin. 4. The generals take care that the soldiers keep their posts. 5. You take care to prevent your children from sinning (literally, that they do not (ne) sin). 6. Good mothers take care that their children obey their commands. Rule.-After non dubito, the conjunction quin is used, requiring the subjunctive mood; thus, non dubito quin, I doubt not but, or that. In the same way, nemo dubitat quin, no one doubts that; quis dubitat quin? who doubts that? dubium non est quin, there is no doubt that. EXERCISE 86.-LATIN-ENGLISH. 1. Non dubito quin milites nostri superaverint hostes. 2. Non dubitaba m quin milites nostri hostes superavissent. 3. Non dubito quin milites nostri hostes superaturi sint. 4. Non dubitabam quin milites nostri hostes superaturi essent. 5. Non dubitabam quin vos patriam servitute liberaturi essetis. 6. Dubium non erat quin exercitus noster omnes labores et ærumnas facile toleraturus esset. 7. Quis dubitat quin Hannibal contra Romanos fortissime pugnaverit. EXERCISE 87.-ENGLISH-LATIN. 1. No one doubts that you will fight bravely for the liberty of your country. 2. No one doubts that he fought bravely. 3. No one will doubt that he will fight bravely. 4. No one doubted that he had fought bravely. 5. Who doubts that the soldiers will capture the city ? 6. There is no doubt that you endeavour (studeo) to preserve honour. 7. I do not doubt that my father will come. Though non dubito quin requires the subjunctive mood in Latin, the verb must be Englished by an indicative mood; as may be seen in the English examples just given. In order to make this quite plain, I will give another instance : Non dubito quin bonus sit avunculus tuus, Here, then, you see the verb which in Latin must be in the subjunctive mood, must stand in the indicative mood in English. Such is by no means an unusual fact. Rule. With the imperative the negative ne is used, and not the negative non, as ne crede, do not believe. EXERCISE 88.-LATIN-ENGLISH. 1. Diligenter cura, mi amice, valetudinem tuam. 2. Amate literas, pueri ! 3. Ne dubitato de animarum immortalitate. 4. Semper serva, mi fili, conscientiam rectam. 5. Discipulus amato præceptores. 6. Laudatote probos, vituperatote improbos. 7. Ne lauda malos 8. Omnes homines amanto Deum. EXERCISE 89.-ENGLISH-LATIN. pueros. science. 1. My sons, take care of your mother. 2. Charles, do not doubt of the deathlessness of the good. 3. Preserve, children, an upright con4. Let children love (their) preceptors. friends, love God. 6. Do not blame thy sister, Charles. 5. Do you, my Rule. The first supine, that is, the supine in um, is used after verbs denoting motion; the second supine, that in u, is used after certain adjectives. EXERCISE 90.-LATIN-ENGLISH. 1. Parentes mei in urbem migraverunt habitatum. 2. Exercitus hostilis adventavit agros nostros devastatum. 3. Uva immatura est acerba gustatu. 4. Erumnæ sunt duræ toleratu. 5. Sitis difficillima est toleratu. 6. Pira sunt dulcia gustatu. EXERCISE 91.-ENGLISH-LATIN. 1. The soldiers approach to deliver (supine in um) the king. 2. The hostile army approaches to capture the city. 3. Ripe grapes are sweet to the taste (supine in u). 4. Unripe grapes are difficult to be endured. 5. They come to seize (fut. part, act. of occupo) the fields. 6. Birds by singing (gerund) delight the mind. KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN LATIN. 1. I was praised, thou wast blamed. 2. The city was attacked. 3. I shall be praised, thou wilt be blamed. 4. The city will be attacked. 5. When the city was taken by the enemies, the minds of all the citizens were occupied with great fear. 6. The citizens were greatly disturbed by the enemies. 7. When the fight was most frightful, the sun was darkened by clouds. 8. The wicked after death will be punished with just punishment. 9. The city was attacked by the enemies. 10. The minds of all the citizens were occupied with great terror. 11. If we have (shall have) cultivated learning diligently, we shall be presented with beautiful rewards by our parents. 12. When the city was (had been) taken by the enemies, all the citizens were tortured with the most bitter grief. 13. If your children have been well educated by you, you will be praised. 14. Let the industrious scholar be praised, let the idle (scholar) be blamed. 15. Let the divine laws be conscientiously observed by men. 16. Be ye entreated, O my parents. 17. O my boy, take delight in the study of letters! 18. Be entreated, O judge! 19. Let the soldiers on a certain day be collected into the city. 20. Let not the citizens be contaminated by shameful deeds. 21. A certain peace is better than the hope of (a hoped) victory. 22. The changing of the country (the changed country) does not change the character. 23. Grief borne patiently is less bitter. 24. A good man ought to be praised. 25. Good parents take care that the manners of their children are amended. 26. Take care that in every thing a pure conscience is preserved. 27. Thou art loved by me, that I may be loved again by thee. 28. I walked yesterday that my sad mind might be gladdened. 29. Our soldiers fought very vigorously that the city might be preserved from ruin, 30. See that you are not blamed by the teachers. 31. A good citizen takes care that the laws are not violated by him. 32. I doubt not that my friend will be released from sickness. 33. No one doubted that peace had been regained. 34. I know not wherefore peace has been disturbed. EXERCISE 80.-ENGLISH-LATIN. 1. Pax recuperata est. 2. Pax recuperabitur. 3. Pax recuperabatur. 4. Non dubito quin illi pacem recuperaturi sint. 5. Pax turbata est. 6. Estne pax turbata? 7. Nonne pax turbata est? 8. Pax turbabitur. 9. Pax non turbanda est. 10. Ego laudabor, ille vituperabitur. 11. Ille vituperandus est. 12. Ille vituperatus est. 13. Urbs non expugnata est. 14. O pater, ab supplice filia tua exorare! 15. Mater exorabatur. 16. Sol nube obscuratur. 17. Sol heri nubibus obscurabatur. 18. Care fili, animus tuus terrore occupatur. 19. Meus animus dolore occupabatur. 20. Omnium civium animi timore et dolore occupabuntur. 21. Adolescentes, no flagitiis contaminamini. 22. Ego te amo, ut ego a te redămer. 23. Pater amandus est. 24. Malus puer castigandus est. 25. Civitatis leges ab omnibus civibus sancte observantor. 26. Divinæ leges ab sanctis hominibus observantur. 27. Virtutisne præcepta ab urbis adolescentibus observata sunt? LESSONS IN ARCHITECTURE.-IX. ARCHITRAVES, ARCHES, AND VAULTED ROOFS. IN ancient times an order, the principal element of architecture, was connected with the adjacent buildings, which it was employed to ornament and to distinguish, by the architraves or horizontal pieces which constituted one of the important parts of its combination. Down to the period of the Greek architecture, we find no example of any deviation from this great principle of primitive construction. All the ancient edifices of Assyria and Babylonia, as well as of Egypt, Nubia, Abyssinia, and India, invariably show the mode of connecting one column with another, in horizontal lines, by means of a single piece, or solid plate-band or bressumer, as it may be fitly denominated. The Greeks, who worked out the ideas of the nations which preceded them in civilisation, and reduced them to system, as we have shown in former lessons, adopted the same principle of construction. Their edifices in Asia Minor, in Italy, in Sicily, In as well as in Greece itself, are all rigorously constructed upon soles, or projecting ornaments in stone, fitted so as to receive vertical rods, upon which was spread a velarium or large curtain, covering the seats and the arena, in order to defend the spectators from the heat of the sun. Thus we see how the long corridors, the numerous flights of steps, the cells for animals, and the aqueducts, required arches and vaults of all dimensions and of all forms. These edifices are unquestionably such as do the greatest honour to the architectural and constructive genius of the Romans. Many of them still remain, and some are in such a high state of preservation as ROMAN AQUEDUCT. to enable us to examine their minutest details. The finest example is the famous Amphitheatre of Flavian at Rome, which was capable of containing more than 100,000 spectators; those of Pola, in Istria, of Nimes and Arles, in France, and of Thysdrus in Africa. But although the Romans displayed their greatest science in the building of amphi theatres, they exhibited their greatest art in the construction of their public baths; for in these the building of arches and vaults was most extensively employed. In those of Diocletian and Caracalla at Rome, and that of Julian at Paris, we see arches of such large dimensions, and vaults of such great extent, that we are struck with astonishment and admiration at works so noble in structure and so bold in design. As to the origin of the arch, we have attributed it to the Romans, or rather to their original instructors, the Etruscans. been found buried in the tombs of Thebes, in Egypt; and that Mr. Hoskins describes one eight feet six inches in span, which was regularly formed. Among the ruins of Meroë, the capital of ancient Ethiopia, he found a semi-circular arch of stone covering a portico, and at Gibel el Berkel a pointed arch, which was over the entrance to a pyramid. Under these circumstances, it appears remarkable that the use of the arch in building should not have passed from Ethiopia, or from Thebes itself, into the ordinary architecture of Egypt. As neither the latter country nor Greece adopted the arch in their constructions, the merit of introducing it into general architecture must still remain with the Romans; for although Pericles adorned the city of Athens with splendid edifices, it was left for the Romans to construct a stone arch over the small river Cephisus, upon the most frequented road to that city. It appears that the construction of the arch was also known to the Chinese long before it made its appearance in Europe. It covers the gateways in their great wall; it is seen in the construction of their sepulchral monuments; and it was employed The period of Roman invention is one of the most brilliant | But it must be mentioned that brick arches are said to have in the history of art. Of the many edifices with which the Romans covered their provinces, there still remains a sufficient number to prove the excellence of their architectural system, and the perfection to which they brought the science and skill of the practical builder. Arches and vaults raised by them of rough stone and bricks, and even of rubble, preserve their primitive solidity to this day. Their temples were constructed, like those of the Greeks, on the principle of the architrave; but the remains of their aqueducts, their baths, those edifices so imposing from their great extent, their triumphal arches, their circuses, and their theatres, show us how extensively the Romans employed the arch and the vault in their edifices. But of all their remarkable works, the amphitheatres were those in which the multiplied and varied use of these most frequently occur; those immense buildings in the elliptical form, with rows of seats placed round and round, and rising gradually above one another, in which the spectators assembled to witness their barbarous spectacles. The style of architecture employed in these buildings was of a vigorous and substantial character, adapted to its use. Two or three stories of immense arcades, or rows of arches, divided by piers ornamented with columns or pilasters, admitted light into the corridors or long passages which surrounded the edifice. Other galleries, more or less numerous, and parallel to the preceding, were constructed below the seats. From floors on a level with these galleries, or by numerous flights of steps, they were admitted to the seats by entrances so arranged as to prevent crowding and confusion. Four open passages disposed along the axes of the building, which, as we have said, was in the form of an ellipse, gave admittance to the arena from without; round the arena were placed the cells which contained the animals. Behind these cells were constructed, also, corridors or long passages communicating with every part of the building, and placed under the first row of arches, or the first row of seats for the spectators. AMPHITHEATRE OF THYSDRUS, IN AFRICA. The rain-water was carried off by water-courses and drains, which ran into an aqueduct passing under the arena; while other aqueducts were employed to inundate it when nautical entertainments were brought before the spectators. At the top of the building, and all round it outside, were placed con in the construction of their bridges. Kircher, in his account of China, speaks of some three and four miles long, and of an arch of the incredible span of 600 feet. There are numerous specimens of Roman architecture in France, the ancient Gaul, which, by their stabi lity and the excellence of their con struction, have long survived the era of their architects. One of the finest of these is the bridge over the Vi dourle, at Sommières, in the department of the Gard. It is composed of seventeen arches, of which nine have been encroached upon by the town, and are sank under the principal street, so that the water now flows under eight arches only. Every pier is hollowed out into a small arch, in order to increase the water-way during floods. This bridge is supposed to have been built in the reign of Tiberius Cæsar. The bridge of Ceret, over the Tech, in the department of the Eastern Pyrenees, is a remarkable specimen of the age in which it was supposed to be built, which ascends to the time of the Visigoths, and is still within the domain of ancisat Roman history. The middle arch is about 154 feet, and the abutments are relieved by arches, which contribute to the elegance and beauty of the whole. care must be taken to place the accents over the proper syllables in each word This is extremely necessary, as the position of the accent is frequently the only means of distinguishing small Eta (n) from Kappa (K), forms for which are both the same in writing, though there is a marked difference in the printed forms. The forms used for the accents in writing are identical with those in the printed books-viz., their handwriting several of the forms of letters used in the current Italian kand, and have slightly modified the printed shapes of the others. Thus we find that the capital letters A, B, E, I, K, M, N, O, and T, as well a, b, o, and g (final), are identical in form with those in use by 13. The reader will also perceive that the sign for the capitel letter Eta is the same as that for our ra pov wajanajûv ra è̟j dûk eis årlajuwo ir n accents pov cowégas onjepor to `cowe as wey las ciola igas the three te Merw Πρόθυμου SPECIMEN OF A LETTER IN MODERN GREEK HANDWRITING. English H, as in the printed characters, whilst that for the capital letter Rho is identical with that for P. Upsilon, both capital and small, is formed in the same manner as our V. Small i differs from our letter i only in having no dot. The other letters are all modifications of the ancient forms, which the student can easily acquire for himself by carefully imitating the copy we have given. It will be observed that, from the upas ("), the two breathings (), the iota subscription (), and the diæresis ("). To those who are aoquainted with the Modern Greek pronunciation no difficulty will exist, as the sound of the voice alone is sufficient to indicate the place where the accent ought to fall. We can only refer those who have not this knowledge to the rules for the accentuation of ancient Greek, which obtain equally in the modern Greek grammar. One word of warning to the student-write distinctly rather than rapidly. It is difficult enough to decipher the handwriting of many who write the ordinary Italian hand indifferently, but AB S D E Z H I IK RM N Z O N P F TV PX Ys W. a b j d e J n d e n x z p r Zo w po s tv x x y w-z,8,13,0 7,0v, Kai. Kurzartivos Adūrai Kejnipa Zánvrdos Nordiror Nélpos I wärrns Zwopidur Mat davos Tálpar Apjos Zpúgry THE MODERN GREEK WRITTEN ALPHABET: CAPITALS AND SMALL LETTERS.-PROPER NAMES IN MODERN GREEK WRITING. configuration of many of the letters, the joining together of every letter in a word, as is done in the Italian current hand, is quite impossible. The rules for the breaks thus occurring can only be acquired by practice, as they are quite arbitrary, each writer joining his letters as best suits the peculiar style of his own handwriting. We give the three principal abbreviations—viz., σT, Oυ, κal. Many others are to be found in the correspondence of old men, it is infinitely more troublesome to understand modern Greek when written hastily and illegibly. We have thought it necessary to introduce the accompanying specimens of Modern Greek Handwriting for the benefit of such of our readers who may be in Greek mercantile houses in this country, or engaged in mercantile transactions with Greek firms abroad. We would recommend those, however, who are not likely to require a knowledge of Greek handwriting for business purposes, but are merely studying Greek for the sake of availing themselves of the riches that lay heaped up in the storehouses of ancient Greek literature, to use the printed characters; as, although the writer's progress may be in a measure slow, when compared with the rate at which he writes his ordinary hand, the adoption of the ordinary printed forms will impart to his handwriting those most excellent and desirable qualities in handwriting of any kind-legibility, neatness, and distinctness. The following is the letter as given in Greek handwriting in the preceding page, in printed characters, with the pronunciation under every word: Φίλτατε Κύριε Phil'-ta-te Ku'-r-ie Σας ζητώ συγγνώμην διὰ τὸ βάρος σᾶς δίδω ἀλλὰ ὧν Sas zee'-to sug-gno'-meen di-a toh bar-ros sas di'-do al'-la own ἐπασχολομένος καὶ μὴν δυνάμενος νὰ ἐξέλθω ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας e-pas-ko-lom'-en-os kai meen du-nam'-en-os na ex-el-tho ek tees oi-ki-as μου παρακαλῶ νὰ ἐλθῆτε εἰς ἀνταμπωσίν μου σήμερον τὸ mou pa-ra-kal-o na el-thee'-te eis an-tam-po'-sin mou see-me-ron toh ἑσπέρας περὶ τὰς ἑπτὰ ὥρας. Μένω Πρόθυμος. hes'-per-as per-ri tas hep'-ta ho'-ras. Me'-no Pro-thu-mos. The translation of the above letter in English is as follows:Dear Sir, I beg pardon for the trouble I give you, but being unwell and unable to go out of my house, I request (you to be good enough) to come to visit me this evening at about seven o'clock. Kwvotavτivos (kone-stan-sti'-nos), Constantine; 'A0ñva (a-thenai), Athens; Kepкνра (ker-ku'-ra), Corcyra, or Corfu; Zakuv0os (za-kun'-thos), Zante; Aordivov (lon-di-non), London; Пerpos (pet'-ros), Peter; Iwávvns (i-o-an'-nees), John; Zipidov (spi-ridone), Spiridon; Mareaîos (mat-thai-os), Matthew; Пaтpai (patrai), Patras; Apyos (ar'-gos), Argos; Zuúpvn (smur-ne), Smyrna. LESSONS IN FRENCH.-XXXIX. 1. MANY verbs come together in French without prepositions, which are in English joined by them. Many others are connected in French by prepositions different from those connecting the corresponding verbs in English. No satisfactory general rules can be given on this point. We shall give in Part II. of these Lessons [§§ 130, 131, 132] copious lists of the verbs in general use, with the prepositions which follow them, when they come before other verbs. We have also hitherto noted the prepositions usually placed after the verbs introduced in our lessons. 2. The student will recollect that a verb following another verb (not avoir or être) or a preposition (not en) must be in the infinitive. Falloir, 3, ir., to be ne cessary. 3. The following verbs, extracted from the list, § 130, although they, in English, take a preposition before another verb, do not take one in French :Aller, 1, ir., to go. Compter, 1, to intend. Courir, 2, ir., to run. Daigner, 1, to deign. *Désirer, 1, to desire. Devoir, 3, to owe. Envoyer, 1, ir., to send. *Espérer, 1, to hope. Préférer, 1, to prefer. Mener, 1, to lead, take. Penser, 1, to think. Pouvoir, 3, ir., to be be better. able. Venir, 2, ir., to come. Prétendre, 4, to pre- Vouloir, 3, ir., to wish, tend. RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES. Comptez-vous diner avec nous ? will. Do you intend to dine with us? Désirez-vous monter dans ma Do you wish to go up to my room? chambre? Je préfère descendre chez votre I prefer to go down to your father's, père. Demeure-t-il en haut ou en bas? Does he live above or below? • May also take the preposition "De" before an infinitive. 1. Combien de chambres comptez-vous louer ? 2. Noug comptons louer une salle au rez-de-chaussée et deux cabinets au troisième. 3. Ne préférez-vous pas louer une chambre-àcoucher au second? 4. Nous préférons demeurer au rez-dechaussée. 5. Ne pouvez-vous rester à dîner avec nons aujourd'hui ? 6. Je vous remercie, je préfère venir demain. 7. M. votre père viendra-t-il demain déjeuner avec nous? 8. II compte venir demain, de bonne heure. 9. Que voulez-vous leur dire? 10. Je veux les prier de me faire ce plaisir. 11. Comptez-vous faire ce plaisir à mon frère ? 12. J'espère le lui faire. 13. Préférez-vous demeurer en haut ou en bas? 14. Nous préférons demeurer en bas. 15. Que pensez-vous faire de ce jeune faisan ? 16. Nous pensons l'envoyer à M. votre beau-frère. 17. Ne savez-vous pas jouer du violon ? 18. Je sais en jouer. 19. Mlle. votre cousine sait-elle toucher le piano? 20. Elle sait toucher le piano et pincer la harpe. 21. Ne savez-vous pas écrire ? 22. Nous savons lire, écrire et compter. 23. Savez-vous jouer de la guitare? 24. Nous ne savons pas en jouer. 25. Nous souhaitons trouver un appartement au rez-de-chaussée. EXERCISE 146. 1. Does your brother-in-law intend to rent the ground floor? 2. He intends to rent two rooms on the second story. 3. How many rooms does your son intend to take? 4. He intends to take two rooms on the second story. 5. Does he prefer to live on the second floor ? 6. He prefers to live on the ground floor. 7. Does your father wish to come to dinner with us to-morrow? 8. He intends to come to-morrow at two o'clock. 9. Do you prefer to live up stairs or down stairs? 10. I prefer to live above. 11. Does your sister know how to play on the piano? 12. She knows how to play on the piano. 13. Where do you intend to live (demeurer)? 14. We intend to live at your father's. 15. Will you go up to my room? 16. I will go down to your father's. 17. Do you wish to live on the ground floor? 18. I wish to live on the second floor. 19. Is it necessary to stay here? 20. It is not necessary to stay here. 21. What do you think of doing with (de) your book? 22. I think of giving it to my son. 23. What do you wish me to say to that gentleman ? 24. I wish to beg him to do me a favour. 25. Do you wish to send that pheasant to your mother? 26. I wish to send it to her, she is ill. 27. Cannot your sister play on the violin? 28. She cannot play on the violin, but she can play on the guitar. 29. Does your sister wish to live up stairs? 30. She prefers living down stairs. 31. Will you not do me that favour? 32. I will do it with pleasure. 33. Cannot your brother stay and dine with us to-day? 34. He ha promised my father to come and dine with him. 35. Our friend knows how to read, write, and cipher. SECTION LXXVI.-GOVERNMENT OF VERBS (continued). 1. Many verbs in French are joined with other verbs following, by means of the preposition de, of, where the corresponding verbs in English either take no preposition, or one other than of. Besides avoir besoin, etc. [Sect. XX. 41, the following verbs, extracted from the list, § 132, belong to this class :→→ Achever, to finish. Avoir tort, to be wrong. Brûler, to burn, to long. Cesser, to cease. Commander, to command. Conseiller, to advise. Défendre, to forbid. Dire, to say. Menacer, to threaten, Négliger, to neglect. Prier, to beg.Promettre, to prossis. Proposer, to propose. Refuser, to refuse. Supplier, to entreat. Trembler, to trendin RESUME OF EXAMPLES. to pay him. 31. I have forgotten to pay you. 32. Do not Pourquoi n'achevez-vous pas d'ap. Why do you not finish learning that neglect to write to me. 33. Tell him to go to my father. 34. prendre ce métier? Do not cease to work. 35. Tell him to come on Christmas Eve 36, I have told him to come the day after. trade? Nous brûlons de continuer nos We burn to continue our studies. études. 1. Pourquoi ne cessez-vous pas de lire? 2. J'aurais tort de cesser de lire avant de savoir ma leçon. 3. Avez-vous défendu à votre jardinier d'arroser ces fleurs ? 4. Au contraire, je lui avais commandé de les arroser. 5. Pourquoi a-t-il négligé de le faire ? 6. Parce qu'il a oublié d'apporter l'arrosoir. 7. Que désire faire M. F.? 8. Il brûle de continuer l'étude de la médecine, 9. N'avez-vous pas tort de faire des visites à co monsieur? 10. J'aurais tort de le négliger. 11. N'avez-vous pas refusé de rendre ce service à votre ennemi ? 12. J'aurais eu tort de refuser de le lui rendre. 13. Quelle voie nous avezvous conseillé de prendre? 14. Je vous ai conseillé de prendre la voie du bateau à vapeur. 15. Avez-vous menacé de frapper cet enfant ? 16. Je l'ai menacé de le corriger. 17. Avez-vous refusé de vendre des marchandises à mon frère? 18. J'ai refusé de lui en vendre à crédit. 19. Avez-vous dit à mon fils de se rendre à la maison ? 20. Je l'ai prié d'y aller tout droit. 21. Vous proposez-vous de venir la veille de Noël? 22. Nous nous proposons de venir le lendemain. 23. Votre compagnon se propose-t-il de garder le secret ? 24. Il se propose de faire part de cela à tout le monde. EXERCISE 148. KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN FRENCH. 1. Does General N. put on his uniform? 2. He does not put it on. 3. Why do you not wear your black cloak? 4. I am afraid of spoiling it. 5. Do you put on your satin shoes every morning? 6. I put them on Sundays only. 7. It is twelve; does the servant lay the cloth? 8. He does not lay it yet, he is going to lay it immediately. 9. Is not dinner ready? 10. Does the servant take away the things? 11. He does not take them away yet, he has no time to take them away. 12. Do you take off your coat when you are warm? 13. I take it off when I am too warm. 14. Have you a cloth coas made? 15. I have a cloth coat and a black satin waistcoat made. 16. Are you not having your velvet slippers mended? 17. Do you not have a cellar dug? 18. I have a large cellar dug. 19. What does the druggist mean? 20. He means that he wants money. 21. Do you know what that means? 22. That means that your brother is angry with you. 23. Have you a wish to put on your cloak? 24. I intend to put it on, for I am very cold. 25. I am going to take it off, for I am warm. EXERCISE 58 (Vol. I., page 295). 1. Otez-vous votre habit? 2. Je n'ôte pas mon habit je le mets. 3. Otez-vous votre manteau quand vous avez froid? 4. Quand j'ai froid je le mets. 5. Votre petit garçon ôte-t-il ses souliers et ses bas? 6. Il les ôte, mais il va les remettre. 7. Cette petite fille metelle le couvert ? 8. Elle met le couvert, tous les jours à midi. 9. Otet-elle le couvert, après le dîner ? 10. Elle ôte le couvert tous les jours. 11. Avez-vous l'intention de faire faire un habit? 12. J'ai l'intention de faire faire un habit. 13. Je vais faire faire un habit et un gilet. 14. M. votre frère fait-il raccommoder ses bottes ? 15. П les fait raccommoder. 16. M. votre fils que veut-il dire? 17. Je ne sais pas ce qu'il veut dire. 18. Est-il fâché contre moi ou contre mon frère? 19. Il n'est fâché ni contre vus ni contre M. votre frère. 20. A-t-il peur de gâter son habit? 21. Il n'a pas peur de le gâter. 22. L'apo thicaire a-t-il besoin d'argent? 23. Il n'a pas besoin d'argent. 24. Mlle. votre sœur a-t-elle ôté mon livre de la table? 25. Elle ne l'a pas ôté. 26. Pourquoi ôtez-vous vos souliers? 27. Je les ôte parce. qu'ils me gênent. 28. Avez-vous l'intention de faire bâtir une maison? 29. J'ai l'intention d'en faire bâtir une. 30. Le tailleur gâte-t-il votre habit? 31. Il ne le gâte pas. 52. Qui gâte vos habillements? 33. Per sonne ne les gâte. 34. Quel chapeau portez-vous? 35. Je porte un chapeau noir. EXERCISE 59 (Vol. I., page 315). 1. What weather is it to-day? 2. It is very beautiful weather. 4. It is cloudy and damp weather. 3. Is it very fine weather to-day? 5. Does it rain much this morning? 6. It does not rain yet, but it is going to rain. 7. Is it windy or foggy? 8. It is not windy. 9. The fog is very thick. 10. How many persons are there in the assembly? 11. There are more than two hundred persons. 12. Are there not many manuscripts in your library ? 13 There are not many, there are only fifty-five. 14. Is it too cold for you in this room? 15. It is neither too cold nor too warm. 16. Is there much hay in your stable? 17. There is enough for my horse. 18. Do you remain at home when it rains? 19. When it rains, I remain at home; but when it is fine weather, I go to my cousin's. 20. Is there any meat in the market? 21. There is much, there is game also. 22. There is veal, mutton, and poultry. 23. Are there not also vegetables and fruit? 21. There are none. 25. There are some also. EXERCISE 60 (Vol. I., page 315). 1. Have you forbidden my cousin to speak to the gardener ? 2. I have not forbidden him to speak to him. 3. Has your mother ordered the gardener to water her roses (roses) ? 4. She has ordered him to water them. 5. Has he forgotten to do it? 6. He has neglected to do it, he has not forgotten it. 1. Avez-vous froid ce matin? 2. Je n'ai pas froid, il fait chaud co 7. What conveyance will you take to go to Paris? 8. I advise matin. 3. Fait-il du brouillard ou du vent. 4. Il ne fait ni brouillard you to take the railroad. 9. Have you told (a) your son to take ni vent, il pleut à verse. 5. Va-t-il pleuvoir ou neiger? 6. Il va geler, 8. Y a-t-il the steamboat? 10. No, Sir, I have told him to take the stage- il fait très froid. 7. Il fait du vent et du brouillard. 9. Mon frère est à la coach (diligence, f.). 11. Is not your brother wrong to neglect quelqu'un chez M. votre frère aujourd'hui ? paying a visit to his brother-in-law? 12. He is wrong to neg- maison, et ma sœur est à l'église. 10. Y a-t-il de la viande au marché? 12. Fait-il trop chaud ou trop lect it. 13. Does not that young German long to read that letter? 11. Il y a de la viande et de la volaille. froid dans cette chambre pour Mlle. votre sœur ? 13. Il ne fait pas si 14. He longs to continue his studies. 15. Do you propose to chaud dans cette chambre que dans la bibliothèque de M. votre frère. trust him with that money? 16. I propose to trust him with 14. Y a-t-il de bons livres anglais dans la bibliothèque de Mlle. votre it. 17 Do you neglect to reproach him with his faults? 18. sœur? 15. Il y en a de bons. 16. Y a-t-il des pêches et des prunes dans I avoid to reproach him with them. 19. Have you threatened votre jardin? 17. Il y en a beaucoup. 18. Restez-vous chez M. votre to punish your son? 20. I have threatened to strike him. 21. frère quand il neige? 19. Quand il neige nous restons à la maison. 20. Do not fail to present my compliments to my sister's friends. Y a-t-il des dames chez Madame votre mère? 21. Vos deux sœurs y 22. I will not fail (je n'y manquerai pas). 23. Have you resont aujourd'hui. 22. Avez-vous le temps d'aller les chercher? 23. Je n'ai pas le temps ce matin. 24. Votre cheval est-il à l'écurie? 25. fused to sell him goods? 24. I have refused to sell him goods Il n'y est pas, il est chez mon frère. 26. Gréle-t-il ce matin? 27. I on credit. 25. Which mode of travelling do you advise me to ne grêle pas, il gèle. 28. Quel temps fait-il ce matin? 29. Il fait un take ? 26 I advise you to take the railroad. 27. Do you temps superbe. 30. Fait-il trop chaud? 31. Il ne fait ni trop chaud ni forbid him to come ? 28. I have forbidden his writing. 29. trop froid. 82. Va-t-il geler? 33. Il va neiger. 34. Neige-t-il tous les Have you failed to pay your gardener ? 30. I have not failed jours? 35. Il ne neige pas tous les jours, mais il neige très-souvent. |