North Wales, chaplain to Charles I. prebendary of Westminster, archdeacon of Anglesea, dean of Bangor, and afterwards bishop of Ossory in Ireland. He was an excellent man, and published many useful books. MATTHEW GRIFFITH, A. M. lecturer of St. Dunstan in the West, chaplain to Charles I. and, after the Restoration, master of the Temple. He was a great sufferer in the royal cause.

This church was burnt in 1666, but it appears by the parochial visitation in 1693, "that the plate, bells, and other ornaments, had been embezzled many years before the fire, by the churchwardens." The fabric not being rebuilt, the site was converted to a church-yard, and the parish united to St. Stephen's, Walbrook.

We have mentioned in the beginning of this route, that BUCKLESBURY was so called from a manor and tenement belonging to "one Buckle, who dwelt there, and kept his courts." This manor was supposed, by Stow, to have been a great stone building, part of which remained in his time on the south side of the street, which was called the Old Barge, from a sign hanging near the gate; and when Walbrook was open, barges were towed as far as this place, which occasioned it to be so called. The manor was divided and let into tenements.

On the north side of the street facing Bucklesbury, stood a strong stone tower, called CORNET STOURE: Edward III. in the eighteenth year of his reign, appointed it to be his money exchange, and in the twenty-ninth year granted it, by the name of the "King's house, called the Cornet Stoure, in Buckles-bury, in London, to Fryders Guynisane and Landers Bardoile, merchants of Luke (Lucca) for 20l. per annum." He afterwards, in the thirty-second year, gave it to his college or free chapel of St. Stephen, Westminster.

Afterwards, another person, of the name of Buckle, a grocer, wishing to take the tower down, and in its place to build a goodly frame of timber, greedily labouring to pull down the old tower," a picce of it fell upon him, by which he was so bruised, that he soon after died, and his widow having married again, her second husband completed VOL. III. No. 59.

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the intended house, which, however, was also levelled by the great fire. Bucklesbury at this time was wholly inhabited by grocers and apothecaries. It is at present a very handsome street, formed like the letter Y, the stem of which is toward the Mansion House, and the two arms, forming Pancras Lane, and the continuation of Bucklesbury to Cheapside.

At the north-west end of the street, which forms the point. between Buckles-bury and the Poultry, stood

WEST-CHEAP CONDUIT.

THIS was the first supply of sweet water by conduit in the city of London, which was conveyed from Paddington by pipes of lead to this place. The conduit was erected in the mayoralty of Henry Walleis, from the year 1281 to 1234, the water course to James's Head being five hundred and ten rods, thence to the Mews-gate one hundred and two rods, and to the cross in West-cheap four hundred and eighty-four rods. The building was castellated with stone, and the cistern was of lead. It was rebuilt by Thomas Ilam, one of the sheriffs in the year 1479; but becoming useless in consequence of the improvement of supply by the Thames water and the New River, this building also being an obstruction to carriages in almost the middle of the street, the magistracy thought it unnecessary to be rebuilt after the great fire, and laid the site into the street; the water being conveyed to a cistern in the church-yard of St. Pancras, Sopar Lane.

CHEAPSIDE, formerly called WEST CHEAP, to distinguish it from East Cheap, near the Monument, was originally a market, the south side of which from the great conduit to Cordwainer, or Bow Lane, was occupied by sheds with terraces, one of which remained at the end of Sopar's Lane in Stow's time, and was occupied by a woman who sold seeds, herbs, and roots. "But those sheds or shops," says he, "by encroachments on the high street, are now largely built on both sides, outwards, and also upwards, three, four, or five stories high."

Three of these sheds belonged to the prior of the Holy Trinity, by Aldgate, one was let out for twenty-eight shil

lings, the second for twenty shillings, and the third for twelve shillings annually.. Others were let for three shillings and four-pence, and for less sums. Wonderful contrast, when at present, the houses on this spot let at 2007.!

At the upper end of Queen Street was the usual place for the resort of the royal family to view the antient tournaments. In the reign of Edward III. one of these species of entertainment was exhibited betwixt Sopar Lane and Cheapside Cross, about the 21st of September, in the year 1331. A scaffold was erected across the street for queen Philippa, and her ladies, all most richly attired, to behold the knights collected from all quarters to shew their skill in deeds of arms. The upper part of the scaffold, however, on which the ladies were seated," brake in sunder, and," as Stow says, "whereby they were, with some shame, forced to fall down;" and many knights and others, which stood beneath, much hurt. The carpenters were saved from punishment by the intercession of the queen, on her knees; but to prevent such accidents in future, the king ordered a building of stone to be erected, near the church of St. Mary le Bow, for himself, the queen, and "other states," to see the gallant spectacles in safety.

In this part of Cheapside was a parcel of land called "The Great Field in the Street," in the tenure of Lady Catharine Dormer, who sold it, in the second year of the reign of Edward VI. to Sir Robert Cholmley, knight.

Sopar Lane took its name from Alleyne le Sopar, in the ninth year of Edward II. and not as vulgarly supposed from manufacturing soap. There was no article of that kind made in the city till one John Lambe, dwelling in Grass Street, set up a boiling-house upwards of three hundred years ago. For this city, in former times, was served with white soap in hard cakes, called Castile soap, from beyond sea; grey soap, speckled with white, from Bristol, sold here for 1d. a pound, and never above a penny farthing, and black soap for an halfpenny the pound.

On the south of Cheapside stands the parish church of

THIS structure was supposed to be first erected in the reign of William I. and named New Mary Church, to distinguish it from Alder-Mary in its neighbourhood, and said to be the first built on arches. Great part of the steeple fell down, in the year 1271, and slew several persons. The common council ordered that Bow bell should, in the year 1469, nightly be rung at nine. Toward the rebuilding of the steeple, Robert Harding, goldsmith, one of the sheriffs, 1478, gave 40l. and others lesser sums; so that, in the year 1512, it was finished, except the lanthorns and bows, which were afterwards built of stone brought from Caen in Normandy, and delivered at the Custom house Key, at 4s. 8d. the ton. The lanthorns were intended to have been glazed, and to have lights placed in them every night in the winter, for the benefit of such whose business might occasion a resort early in the morning to the city.

The church, in the year 1620, was new pewed and beautified; but being a sharer in the ruin made by the flames in

1666, when there fell with the steeple a most melodious ring of twelve bells; it was rebuilt in the year 1673, the dial put up in 1681; the whole repaired and beautified, and the altar-piece set up in the beginning of the year 1706. Lady Williamson contributed very considerably towards the present fabric.

The church is well built of brick and stone, the walls covered with a finishing, the roof is arched and supported with ten columns of the Corinthian order, and covered with lead. The floor is paved with stone; there are three aisles, besides the cross aisle at the west end, and several handsome windows. The roof is adorned with pannels and arches of crocket and fret-work; between the columns are arches, and above them an entablament; on the key-pieces of the arches are cherubims. It is pewed and wainscoted with oak; the pulpit is veneered and carved, having enrichments of leaves, coronets, escalops, &c. Near the north-west angle is a handsome inner wainscot door-case, adorned with four fluted pilasters of the Corinthian order; at the west end is a gallery, in which is a good organ. The galleries on the north and south sides are very handsome.

The altar-piece is very neat, adorned with four fluted pilasters and entablature, of the Corinthian order, two on each side of the Decalogue, done in gold letters on black under a glory, all in one square frame carved and gilt; above are two attic pilasters, with cornice and compass pediment, whereon are placed the figures of seven golden candlesticks with flaming tapers. Under this pediment is a spacious glory, the rays curiously veneered, replenishing a circle about five feet diameter; in the center whereof are the words-Glory be to God on high: And under, in one line without the circle, these words,-On earth peace, good will towards men. The upper part of the altar-piece is enriched with palmbranches, leaves, &c. between two lamps; and at the west end of the church is a marble font; and the arms of England are placed on the front of the north gallery.

But the principal ornament of this church is its steeple, erected near the north-west angle, and made contiguous by

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