1. Sogar die Sieger vriesen die Tapferkeit der Besiegten. 2. Der Gesang riette sogar die härtesten Gemüther. 3. Die Töne der Musik trangen gar bis an unsere Ohren. 4. Man kann sogar hier das fröhliche Lachen ter Kinder hören. 5. Wie kann man von Antern verlangen, was man bit nicht thun mag? 6. Man muß sich selbst achten. 7. Das Unfrant wächst von selbst, ohne daß man es fået und pflegt. 8. Die Armuth selbst Fell mich nicht abhalten, redlich zu handeln. 9. Wenn auch sie mich rettassen, dann habe ich keinen Freund mehr. 10. D, wenn auch diese Zeit schon da wäre! 11. Wenn er auch eine rauhe Außenseite hat, so hat er roch ein gefühlvolles Herz. 12. Wenn Ihr auch dieses thut, dann will is Euch gut belohnen. 13. So viel auch Eurer sind, ich nehme es mit jerem 14. So viel auch Heinrich arbeitet, so bringt er toch nichts fertig. 15. So viel er auch sprach, sie hörten ihn doch nicht. 16. Was auch zeicheben mag, ich werte ihm treu bleiben. 17. Was auch für Nachrichten kommen, sie werden nicht muthlos. 18. Was auch mein Freund beginnt, er hat kein Glück. 19. Was es auch sein mag, Niemand soll es erfahren. 20. Er bat sogar nicht Geld genug, um Brod zu kaufen. 21. Wir müssen sup sose taas Premslonce Jetermann lieben, selbst unsere Feinde. 22. Ich kann selbst unter diesen Beringungen Ihren Vorschlag nicht annehmen. 23. Er konnte sogar unter len Büchern das schönste auswählen. se een EXERCISE 119. 1. Whatever he may say, I shall persevere. 2. Even with that profit they were not contented. 3. The mishap of this family was so great, that they even asked assistance of strangers. 4. I shall not depart with attendants even. 5. The moon does not give us so much light as the sun, even when she shines the brightest. 6. Whatever your friend may be, you will not obtain it. 7. Whoever this young lady be, she is very rude. 8. However cunning they may be, they are sometimes mistaken. 9. Great as my poverty may be, I shall not become disheartened. 10. Whatever the news may be, impart it to me. 11. Whatever advantages may be offered to him, he will not accept of them. 12. Whatever faults he may have committed, I will forgive him. 13. Even in the heat of the battle, and amidst the roar of cannons, the commander rode quietly to and fre. 14. However great my misfortune may be, nobody shall perceive it. 15. Even ca; de a set, neverthe, the king must obey the law. 16. Even my adversary praised 滷味 my valour. SECTION LXIII.-IDIOMS OF VARIOUS KINDS (continued). Pflegen, besides its primary meaning "to nurse" or "take care of," has in both the present and imperfect the signification "to be accustomed," "to be wont;" as:-Er pflegte zu sagen, he used to say. Er pflegt zu reiten, he is accustomed to ride (on horseback). 1. Achten or Acht haben, followed by auf, is used thus :-Ich achte auf das, was (Sect. LXIX. 2) ich höre, I give attention to that which I hear. Ich werde Acht auf ihn haben, I will attend to him (have attention on him). Er nimmt sich in Acht, he takes care of himself. Wir müssen uns vor dem Bösen in Acht nehmen, we must guard ourselves against that which is bad (take ourselves in attention before, etc.). 1. Derjenige, welcher in der Jugend sorgt, braucht nicht im Alter zu forgen. 2. Habe Acht auf Dich, nicht nur in Gesellschaft fremter Leute, sexteen auch wenn Du allein bist, damit (Sect. LXXYI.) Du Dich selbst, kennen lernst. 3. Derjenige, welcher nicht immer auf sich Acht giebt, kommt nie zur Selbsterkenntniß. 4. Die alten Deutschen pflegten gewöhnlich in alten Fichenhainen ihren Göttern zu opfern. 5. Gute Kinder pflegen (Sect. XLVI.) ihre Eltern in ihrem Alter. 6. Meine Freunde pflegen tes Mor gens Wasser zu trinken. 7. Des Morgens und des Abents pflegt er ter Rabe. 8. Wir rflegen, anstatt des Thees, Kaffee zu trinken. 9. Seiner Gesundheit zu pflegen ist seine erste Sorge. 10. Er pflegt des Mor gens zu arbeiten, und des Nachmittags zu lesen. 11. Derjenige, welcher tes Musigsanges pflegt, pflegt auch der Sünde. 12. Pfleget der Tugent, und nicht tes Lasters. 13. Er pflegt nicht vor acht Uhr aufzustehen. 14. Man pflegt nicht in Amerika, wie in Deutschland, zu sagen: Ich wünsche Ihnen einen guten Appetit." 15. Der Mensch sorgt oft mehr als nöthig ist um feinen Lebensunterhalt. 16. Die Ameise sorgt schon im Sommer für ihre Nahrung im Winter. 17. Der deutsche Kaiser Marimilian I. trug gleich bei finem Regierungsantritt Sorge, die innere Ruhe Deutschlants wierer herzustellen. EXERCISE 121. " 1. Guard yourself against those who have smooth words, bad thoughts, and a treacherous heart. 2. He cares more for his soul than for his body. 3. We are accustomed to drink tea instead of coffee. 4. The Greeks fostered art and science long before the birth of Christ. 5. He is accustomed to rise at six o'clock. 6. I will take care of this book till you return. 7. He takes care of his health. 8. Give attention to thyself, not Good children give attention to that which their parents tell only when you are in society, but also when you are alone. 9. them. 10. We must guard ourselves against our enemies. 11. A German marmot takes care in the summer of his food for the winter. KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN GERMAN. 4. Kön 1. Sie mögen in den Garten gehen, aber Sie dürfen nicht lange dort bleiben. 2. Diese aufmerksamen Schüler durften mit ihrem Lehrer nach Mannheim gehen. 3. Wir können unsere Zeit besser anwenden. nen Sie Deutsch sprechen ? 5. Wir konnten unsere Aufgaben diese Woche nicht lernen. 6. Sie müssen die Aufgaben dieser Woche aufmerksam lernen. 7. Sie mögen morgen zu Ihren Eltern gehen. 8. Er mag ein guter Mann sein. 9. Die Hausfrau muß morgen auf den Markt gehen. 10. Haben Sie Ihren Eltern geschrieben? 11. Ja, ich mußte schreiben. 12. Es ist zwei Uhr. 13. Ich werde bei Ihnen (an Ihrem Hause), ein Viertel auf vier Uhr ankom. men. 14. Wollen Sie zwanzig Minuten vor acht Uhr kommen? 15. Ich mag diesen Abend zu Ihnen kommen, aber warten Sie nicht auf mich. 16. So lange als es regnet. kann ich nicht ausgehen. 17. Fische können nur im Wasser leben, und Vögel in der Luft. 18. Sie hätten das nicht thun sollen, es wird keine Empfehlung für Sie sein. 19. Ich will heute Abent nach dem (or ins) Theater gehen. 20. Wir mögen ein anteresmal tiese Gelegenheit nicht haben. EXERCISE 39 (Vol. I., page 238). 1. I must go to the meadow to fetch hay. 2. What is your brother to do at school? 3. He is to go to school, to learn the Latin language. 4. Man must be honest or wretched. 5. What am I to do? 6. You may do what you like, and should do what you can. 7. Why did you not come to our house yesterday ? 8. I would, but I could not; I to do at home? 18. I have letters to read and to write. EXERCISE 40 (Vol. I., page 238). 6. I heard it from 11. 13. 1. To whom are you going? 2. I am going to my brother. 3. With whom is this boy going? 4. He is going with his father to the town. 5. From whom did you hear this news? my old friend. 7. With whom are you going to the village? 8. I am not going to the village, I am going with my father to the great town. 9. When are you going out of the town to our friends? 10. We are I am going neither to my friend to-day, nor to the village, nor out of not going to your friends, we are coming home again to-morrow. the house. 12. The count has a great castle with little windows. The river comes from the mountains. 14. Has your father heard anything from his brother? 15. Yes, this man is (come) from Hungary, and has brought my father a box from my uncle. 16. Is he going to Vienna? 17. No, he is going to Warsaw, and from Warsaw to Cracow. 18. The Bavarian, the Bohemian, and the Hessian come from Germany. 19. The huntsman with his gun comes from the forest. 20. The servant is going to the town. 21. I heard from my brothers you were going to their friend. 22. The servant-girl comes from the well, and the man-servant goes to the butcher. EXERCISE 41 (Vol. I., page 239). 1. Wenn wir glücklich sein wollen, dürfen wir nicht vom Pfate der Tugend abweichen. 2. Ich weiß, daß er Ihr Freund nicht ist, aber ich weiß gleichfalls, daß er ein Mann von Redlichkeit ist. 3. Laßt sie wissen, daß tiefe Neuigkeiten nur Gerüchte sind. 4. Man muß nicht alles sagen, was man weiß. 5. Sie müssen in der Wahl Ihrer Freunte sehr vorsichtig sein. 6. Wir sollten wissen, an wen wir uns weuten. 7. Wollen Sie tem Schneider sagen, wenn er Ihren Rock fertig habe, bei mir vorzusprechen? 8. Haben Sie Zeit, mit mir nach der Start zu gehen? 9. Wenn er die Arbeit nicht hätte zu Stande bringen können, würte er sie nic men haben. 10. Haben Sie Zeit, diesen Brief zu lesen? die Schule, um tie lateinische Sprache zu lernen. PENQ. This shows us an ng an oval grass-plot or wak of uniform width. cod or egg-shaped oval on Laser Liameter. e that is given on or about pai oval. Bisect A B in C, ACB, describe the circle rine DZ of indefinite length rough the point E, from Ines AY, B X of unlimited AB as radius, describe the 13 antre, with B A as radius, == From the point E, at esetbe te arc FLG. The figure i userted about AB as its lesser =* remired to make the ovoid TELL DADA, it is manifest that the mng the sides of the figure are bts A and B in the straight 1 de frst case, and within the if in the second. Supanger than the ovoid D ALB, AQ take any point н, and PL in DZ, and through L saght lines HP, KO of unThem from H and K as centres, describe the arcs B N, A M, lete the ovoid DAMN B 23 as centre with the radius Dat the remaining case for radius with which the arcs Gungacin of the lower part of the MILE POUtres jentes] with the circle. wave à parabola by mechanical ? means - £ two bass pins on the piece apse va viuen 2 is required to describe a parabola, Tulsa Fig. 49), en is nearly as possible in the 8 ruer, inaw a traught Ine & B at right angles to irection a which the ruler is fixed. The is called the uns of the parabola, while the a represents one side of the fixed ruler is called the Take a ruler made in the form of a Sakura "riangle - see Vol. I. page 96), and at the extremity *ger of the two sades that contain the right angle GFE i "hread or string, and let the thread have a knot Jak 'he length of the thread from G to the knot may **AM ♬ **y là to the side GF of the triangular ruler. Thrust 20, the knot, and fix the pin through any point н, in ine & 3, which has been selected as the focus of the Jescribed. Place the edge FG of the triangular hang the straight line AB, keeping the string tight with a Chant, winch, when the edge FG of the ruler is lying along te arupit line AB, will manifestly be at a point K, the point of A E, the distance between the fixed ruler and the cus of the required parabola. Slide the edge FE of the - zanguiar mier slowly along the edge CD of the fixed ruler in me direction of c, keeping the pencil-point against the edge FG M of the triangular ruler, and the thread at its utmost tension from the focus и to the pencil-point, and from the pencil-point to G. When the edge of the ruler has moved from A B to the position L M, the pencil-point will have traced out the curve K N, while the string will be in the position indicated by the dotted lines H N, N M. When the ruler's edge occupies the position FG, P the pencil-point will have traced out the curve KN O, and the string will be in the position indicated by the thick lines H O, O G. Similarly, when the ruler's edge Boccupies the position E P, the pencil-point will have traced out the curve KNOQ, and the string will be in the position indicated by the dotted lines HQ, Q P. By turning the ruler E F G, and reversing the operation, the lower part of the curve K SZV may be traced; the change of position of the ruler's edge, and the string, being shown by dotted lines, which are lettered RT, UW, HS, 8 T, HV, V W in the diagram. Fig. 90. a It will be seen as well from the construction of the mechanical means for producing the parabola as from examination of the diagram, that the leading principle of the parabola is that the distance of every point on it from the focus is exactly equal to a line let fall from the point in question perpendicularly to the directrix. Thus in Fig. 90, H N, the distance from the focus in a straight line to the point N, is equal to N L, the perpendicular let fall from N on the directrix C D. Similarly HO is equal to o F, Ho to QE, HS to SR, and H V to v U. A straight line drawn through any point in the curve at right angles to the axis is called the ordinate of that point. Thus, if we draw an indefinite straight line XY, at right angles to the axis A B, passing through the point o and the focus H, HO is the ordinate of the point o, and H Z the ordinate of the point z. The part K H of the straight line AB, intercepted between K, the vertex of the parabola, and the focus H, in which the double ordinate oz cuts the axis A B at right angles, is called the abscissa of the points o z. In like manner Q a is the ordinate of the point q, and K a its abscissa. To find the focus of any given parabola, as QK V in Fig. 90, draw the axis AB, and the directrix CD at right angles to the axis. Take any point v in the curve, and from it let fall v u perpendicular to the directrix C D, then from v as centre with the distance v u describe the arc U H, cutting the axis A B in H. The point H is the focus of the parabola Q K V. HISTORIC SKETCHES.-XXII. THE MASSACRE OF GLENCOE. "As for Mac Ian of Glencoe and that tribe, if they can be well distinguished from the other Highlanders, it will be proper, for the vindication of public justice, to extirpate that set of thieves." So wrote King William III., by the hand of the Master of Stair, to the commander of the royal troops in Scotland, in January, 1692. The words were part of a letter of instructions to the king's general, respecting the conduct he was to pursue towards the Highland chiefs, to whom a summons had been made to come in and make submission to the Government before the 31st of December, 1691. They were words of general or particular significance, according to the way in which the reader chose to read them, and according to the circumstances under which they were written. The letter was worded thus ambiguously by design, in order that the Secretary of State, who was to give further instructions upon it, might choose which interpretation he liked; and he chose an interpretation which had the effect of covering his master with shame, though posterity has done that master the justice to remove the blame from his shoulders and to place it where it is due. "The massacre of Glencoe" was on this wise:-Ever since the Revolution in 1688 had turned out the house of Stuart from the throne, there had been more or less of disaffection in certain parts of the kingdom to the rule of the new dynasty. In the Highlands of Scotland, where the sentiment of devotion to the exiled princes was most firmly engrafted on the people, and where it was most difficult to follow it for the purpose of rooting it out, disaffection was all but universal. The chiefs of clans, or heads of great families, there, were petty sovereigns, ruling absolutely over all their tribes, jealous of each other, ready to quarrel, and being ignorant and half barbarous, ever ready to settle the quarrel by the arbitrement of the sword. To the King of Scotland and England they confessed a certain sort of allegiance, which they were quite ready to renounce whenever the king's pleasure ran counter to their own; but when they once threw in their lot with him they stuck as close as burrs; and no one could have more utterly devoted adherents. Trained from childhood to regard implicit obedience to their own chief as the highest virtue, their services were of immense importance to him with whom, for the time being, their chief was on terms of friendship; and so thorough was their blind attachment, that while they would go through fire and water for such a one so long as the friendship lasted, they would not scruple to murder him the very moment that the chief's sentiments altered. They were rough men, lived rough lives, and held it more honourable to live by plunder than by toil; and they possessed those vices, as well as those virtues, which are incidental to savages who dwell in the face of nature, and are but slightly influenced by the voice of civilisation. Much sentimental matter ing has been written about the Highlanders, chiefly by those who never knew what their chief characteristics were; and in popular novels their virtues have been extolled, while their hideous vices have been hidden or varnished over, and their manners and customs have been presented with that enchantment which distance lends to the view. While there was much that was admirable in the Highlanders-much to excite the most exalted respect for their courage, their endurance, their devotion, their hospitality-there was much also to condemn in their revengefulness, their thievishness, their brutality. Few of them were given to honest labour for procuring themselves a livelihood, and many of them were, not to put too fine a point on it, no better than King William's letter described them, "a set of thieves." They lived in the mountains, as their name implied; and protected by their hills, which they knew how to defend by their indomitable bravery-protected also by their poverty, they were long able to defy the authorities in the Lowlands. They preserved with religious care their allegiance to the Stuart princes, who found among them, on the two great risings against the house of Hanover in 1715 and 1745, their most hardy and most faithful adherents. Some of the heads of clans were members of the Scotch nobility, and these swayed the political influence of their followers according to their own interests at court; so that it often happened that as interests conflicted, clans were opposed to one another, and when they were so, it was an opposition to the death, for enmity was cherished among them to the entire exclusion of forgiveness. Some of the more powerful clans had given in their allegiance to King William and Queen Mary; but these clans were for the most part amenable to military coercion by the Government, while the rest were influenced by bribes, either of money or favour, and were ready at any moment to turn against the hand that patted them. But by far the greater number of the clans remained in a state of chronic disaffection, would not own sovereign allegiance to any one, and remained independent of any king save their own chiefs. The trouble they gave was enormous; the necessity of keeping up a strong force to check them, most annoying and costly; and the nucleus they furnished for the gathering of a hostile army in the heart of Scotland, most dangerous to the peace of the kingdom. Statesmen in London were more concerned for the pacification of the Scotch Highlands than for any other matter of domestic policy. They tried all sorts of ways to effect the object; they played off one chieftain against another, sowed the seeds of dissension between them, bribed, flattered, threatened, and, whenever they had the chance, used force; but all means failed, and the Highlands remained a bugbear and a thorn in the side of the rulers, until, many years later, Mr. Pitt conceived the idea of utilising the courage and the hardihood of the men by employing them as soldiers in the service of the state. Not until the Highland regiments were raised were the Highlands pacified. and certainly in 1691, the time treated of in this sket were the homes of men who were ready for any desp prise against the Government. V . mening, lembra hot, after all, be sapansin of their Jean ma, słowoi at a game amvi yra inally they ing themselves before me 3.4 of December all had lie he was back to his home in the pass of Glencoe, glad star made ins peace, his mind having no misgivings about LALE ₫ is accepted allegiance. The news went up Mac Ian of Glencoe had not submitted, and by news of his submission arrived, steps had s him. The Master of Stair was greatly pect of being able to make an example, and bane and Argyll, with whom Mac Ian was ed at the prospect of taking a bloody rence of Mac Ian's submission was a blow y cast about how they might fend it off. persons arraigned on criminal charges were failure to sustain some technical obit is not surprising to find that even a and ate atrage of an informality in ACSONT AZ CZTEREataly hated antagonist. made se diference whatever, whether 11 ff December or on the 6th of estampt made by Mac Ian on sw the animus with this was not the way in E desired a loophole mt hus people, and he in nat IE surrendered by the nabis purpose to me privy to the his brain. To y of the clans had swop of them all. sout not escape. of this sketch was eden ze unself had, and in in ne subject, the Ter Stair suppressed the Face "nat Mac Ian had to aty, pren in his allein those days news wing, and the Doval biensure was taken as if the Jermaids of Glencoe were tuntumacious; but the royals to have been, ven then, that the outlaws sessed with a hand, their valley occupest 2 samples made of such as sonid be guilty of flagram public peace. Certainly there is not any TIME prousing that King Whism or his other ministers was pan which the Master of Star was him it was a source of deep mes submitted. He had hoped to me a The Macdonalds of Glencoe he dremmet So the order quoted at the eng sent down to the Commander of F, and the Master of Stair wrote full and particle explain how this generally worded order was best Land Macaulay taus describes the theatre whereas Laters tragedy was to be acted:"Mac lan dwelt in them of a ravine situated not far from the southern shore of Lochireen, an arm of the sea which deeply indents the west of Scotland, and separates Argyleshire from Inverse-stre. Year his house were batý out of tawillingness to go, two or three small hamlets behoed by his tribe. The whole to was ambitions of the honour of population which he governed was not supposed to exceed 200 joavid mysis had submitted, and he souls. In the neighbourhood of the little cluster of villages he hope mat other caafs would be laggards was some copsewood and sme pasture land; but a little anted, they would be able to offer further up the defile no sign of pepcistom or of fruitfulness was to Covernment is wou! I compel better to be seen. In the Gaelic tongue. Gience signifies the Glen toval surrender. But when he found of Weeping; and, in truth, that pass is the most dreary and hai gayvandeir adhesion, and that if he per- ' melancholy of all the Scottish passes the very Valley of the ho would have to face the wrath and to cope. Shadow of Death. Mists and storms brood over it through the a cho tông, he resolved to take the oaths. I greater part of the finest summer; and even on those rare days xa of Pecember, the very last moment, did; when the sun is bright, and when there is no cloud in the sky, Me on dad or Glencoe was so called in the High'ands) the impression made by the landscape is sad and awful. The ày 1, ali, apa' men, to take the oaths at Fort William. path lies along a stream which issues from the most sullen and tok, họ found that Colonel Hill, the governor, gloomy of mountain pools. Huge precipices of naked stone frown w to admuster the oaths, and that he must go on both sides. Even in July, the streaks of snow may often be vendence of the nearest competent magistrate. discerned in the rifts near the summits. All down the sides of ave him a letter of recommendation to the sheriff the crags, heaps of ruin mark the headlong paths of the torrents. (5) Campbell of Ardkinglass, and Mac Ian Mile after mile the traveller looks in vain for the smoke of one the way was long, the wind was cold," hut, or for one human form wrapped in a plaid, and listens in in the High'an is impeded the old vain for the bark of a shepherd's dog, or the bleat of a lamb. vas not till the sixth day after the Mile after mile the only sound that indicates life is the faint cry the arinesty proclamation that of a bird of prey from some storm-beaten pinnacle of rock." sheriff at Inverary. པས པ ཡ པ སོ ཨིན of Mao Ian, and by the letter of he rebel chief had offered himself of December to be sworn, Sir Colin oath, and sent an explanatory cerwing why he had departed from the With zealous care the Secretary of State and his friends, Breadalbane and Argyll, studied the geography of Glencoe, and took the necessary measures to bar the ways out of it when once the Macdonalds should become fugitives. The chiefs beyond the passes from Glencoe were secured by promises, by appeals to their hatred and their interest; and when this was done, the conspirators proceeded to devise a scheme by which |