Boundaries and capitals.—I. What countries lie north of the Tropic of Cancer? What are the boundaries and capitals of each, beginning with the states of Barbary on the west? What are the three great divisions of the country between the Tropic and the Mountains of the Moon? What are the boundaries and capitals of each portion? What are some of the smaller divisions of Soudan? What are the great divisions of Africa between the Mountains of the Moon, or Jibbel Kumra, and the southern tropic?

So little is known of Africa that it is impossible to obtain any accurate accounts of boundaries, in most parts of it. Those which are chiefly formed by Geographers, are marked by small dots; and those more certain, by larger dots," with intervening lines, as in Barbary.

What are the countries and chief cities in Lower Guinea? What are some of the countries and chief cities on the coast of Zanguebar? What countries N. of the Equator on this coast? What name is given to the unknown interior of this part of Africa? What are the boundaries and capital of the Colony of the Cape.

Islands.-I. What three groups of Islands do you find N. of Cape Blanco (See the Chart of the World.) What cluster off Cape Verd? What small islands on the coast, above Cape Verd What below? What two Islands S. from Cape Palmas? What in the Gulf of Guinea? What large one on the eastern coast? What two small ones east of this? What north of it? What in the Channel of Mozambique? What Arabian island off Cape Guardafui?

Latitudes and Longitudes.—II. In what latitude do the northern portions of Africa lie? What is that of the Mountains of the Moon? Where does the Equator pass? In what zone does the middle portion or larger part of Africa lie? What is the latitude of South Africa? With what countries of Europe does it compare in latitude? What parts of the United States are in the latitude of Barbary? What places in Africa and the neighbouring portions of Asia are in the latitude of Raleigh? Of Charleston? New-Orleans? Mexico? What parts of Africa in the latitude of the West Indies? Of New-Grenada? Peru? Chili? Of Lima? Rio Janeiro? Atacama? Valparaiso? What is the longitude, from London, of St. Helena? What is the difference of time? What is that of Egypt? (See Chart of the World.) What is the difference of time between Philadelphia and St. Helena--between Philadelphia and the Cape of Goo!! Hope? Between Philadelphia and Egypt?

NORTHERN AFRICA.

381. Northern Africa may be considered as embracing the regions north of the Tropic of Cancer. The natural heat of a tropical climate is here made more oppressive by the neighbouring deserts.

The principal countries of Northern Africa are the Barbary States and Egypt.

382. Lions of great ferocity abound in the northern parts of Africa, and are often hunted by the natives. Barbary is a hot, fruitful country, but miserably cultivated, extending from Cape Nun almost to Egypt. It includes a number of independent states.

The people are proud, indolent, cruel and vicious, gaining most of their wealth by piracy.

The empire of Morocco, includes the former kingdoms of Tafilet and Fez. Barca and Augela are subject to Tripoli.

Questions on the map.-I. How is Barbary bounded? Name the states of Barbary, and their capitals. Which is the most eastern? and which the most western? What country in Europe is north of Morocco? What one north of Tripoli? What chain of mountains in Barbary?

H. What place in Morocco on the Straits of Gibraltar? What seaports on the Atlantic? Which is the largest? What two cities in the interior? Where is the Spanish fortress of Ceuta? (See map of Europe.) What European settlement of the Spanish in Algiers? What other city besides the capital? In what direction from Algiers is Tunis? In what direction is Tripoli? Where is Derna? Where is the great Desert? What mines are found in it? What name is given to the coast

383. Fezzan is a large fertile spot or island, in the midst of sandy deserts, intensely hot in the summer, and often severely cold in winter.

The people are ignorant, rude, and vicious.

Questions on the map.-I. What country is east of the Desert? What is its chief town? What country lies between Fezzan and Egypt? What places between Barca and Egypt? EGYPT.

384. Egypt is celebrated for the wonderful pyramids near Cairo, the lofty pillar of Pompey, at Alexandria, and other works of the ancient inhabitants.

It is a hot, but very fruitful country, which is watered by the overflowing of the Nile, instead of rain. There are some professed Christians in Egypt, but the

people are generally in the lowest state of ignorance

and oppression.

Questions on the map.-I. How is Egypt bounded?

What is the capital, and on what river? What is the principal seaport? What two other seaports, and where?

II. What considerable place above Cairo on the Nile? What three places above Siout? What seaport west of the river? What place is at the head of the Red Sea? What country of Asia is north of Egypt?

MIDDLE REGIONS OF AFRICA.

Senegambia Guinea-Lower Guinea-ZanguebarNubia-Abyssinia-Soudan.

385. Most of the countries of Africa lie between the two Tropics, and the climate, productions and character of the people, in these countries, are such as is usual in the Torrid Zone. (See § 87 to 92.)

The climate of some countries is varied, by their situation as to mountains and the sea. (See § 113-114.)

386. Gold dust, ivory, gums and slaves are the principal articles of commerce in these regions, and are transported by caravans of merchants, which are continually passing from the interior to the sea-ports, and places of trade on the coast.

387. Rice and cotton are produced in great abundance, and furnish most of the food and clothing of the people.

388. Some nations of Africa are distinguished for native mildness and hospitality, but many are treacherous and cruel; and indolence is a universal characteristic.

It is said that in some parts, thousands of square miles of fertile and well peopled countries have been desolated by wars, made to supply Europeans and Americans with slaves.

389. The middle regions of Africa, may be divided into Eastern and Western Africa, on the coasts, and Central Africa, in the interior.

Questions.-I. Where do most of the countries of Africa lie? What can you say generally of their climate, productions and people? Describe them more particularly. (See 87-92.) What chain of mountains probably passes through the middle regions of Africa, from east to west? (See map.) What great divisions of middle Africa lie north of these mountains, and what south? How is the state of particular countries varied? What are the chief articles of commerce? What the most important productions? What can you say of the nations of this region? What effect has the slave trade? How may these regions of Africa be divided? What countries belong to Eastern Africa? What to Western Africa? What to Central Africa? WESTERN AFRICA.

An Elephant pursuing a hunter.

390. Elephants abound on the western coast of Africa, of such size that they will sometimes tear down trees to destroy those who hunt them. Their immense tusks furnish large quantities of ivory for commerce. UPPER GUINEA.

391. Upper Guinea is a hot, but fertile country. It is divided into a number of barbarous kingdoms, of which Ashantee is the most powerful.

Many of these nations are distinguished for boldness and ferocity, and some for their skill in arts. Coomassie, the capital of Ashantee, and some other