around an enclosure which contains their cattle. There are a number of villages of natives collected around the missionary stations of South Africa. Some of them present a handsome appearance, and have many of the improvements of civilized life. Latakoo is the largest native town yet known in South Africa, and contains 8000, or 10,000 inhabitants. Tananarive is a large, well-built, inland town of Madagascar, and the capital of one of its principal kingdoms. European settlements.-The French, Portuguese and Spanish have a number of settlements on the coast of Africa for the purposes of trade, especially in slaves. Mozambique is the capital of the Portuguese settlements on the coast of Zanguebar, and Loanda, on the coast of Angola. The chief French settlements are at Goree. These settlements are usually mere forts. The towns of Africa and its islands, possessed by Europeans, are built like those of Europe. Cape Town is the only place of importance in the Colony of the Cape. Its streets are traversed by canals planted with trees. Two thirds of the inhabitants are blacks. The towns in the colony of Sierra Leone, of which Freetown is the principal, are pleasant, and neatly built. Most of the inhabitants are Africans of various nations, taken from slave ships, and brought here to be instructed in religion and the arts of civilized life. CCCCXVI. VOYAGES ON THE MAPS, AND THE CHART OF THE WORLD. Perhaps you are tired of travels. One more voyage around the world to observe its waters and coasts; and another to see the state of the inhabitants, and they will be ended. Voyage on the Maps. Where is Archangel? How will you go to it from the United States? (See map of Europe.) 1. Mention the straits, seas, gulfs, rivers, capes, islands and ports you pass, in going from Archangel round the North Cape to Tornea. Describe the objects you pass on the following voyages along the coasts of Europe: 2. from Torneo to Petersburgh, and by Dantzic to Amsterdam-3. from Amsterdam around the British Isles to Calais-4. from Calais to the Straits of Gibraltar, and Genoa. 5. from Genoa to Trieste, and thence to Constantinople, Odessa, Azof and Trebizond. 5. What straits, seas, &c. do you pass in going from Trebizond to Smyrna, Jaffa, Rosetta and Cape Spartel? 7. From Cape Spartel to the Cape of Good Hope? 8. Thence to Suez? Describe the voyage, 9. From Suez to Bushire-10. Thence to Ceylon and Calcutta. 11. Thence to Canton by the Spice Islands-12. From Canton to Archangel. (See Map of Asia.) What countries are in the interior of the eastern continent, without any sea coast? 13. What is your course from Archangel to the nearest land of North America? 14. Describe the voyage from Cape Farewell to Barrow's straits and Melville Island. 15. Theuce to York Fort-16. Thence to Halifax and New-Orleans. Describe the voyage, 17. From New Orleans by Porto Bello to Trinidad-18. from Trinidad by the chief West India Islands to St. Augustine--19. from St. Augustine to Cape Horn-20. Thence to Behring's Straits-21. from Behring's Straits by the Sandwich and Society Islands to Port Jackson -22. Round New Guinea to the Cape of Good Hope and the United States. Voyage on the Chart of the World. What is the state of civilization, religion, government and population of the countries you pass in going from Archangel to Petersburgh? From Petersburgh to Amsterdam ? What of those on your left, as you go from Amsterdam to Gibraltar and Constantinople? What of those you pass as you return to Cape Spartel? Describe those you pass in going round Africa to Suez. From Suez to Calcutta. From Calcutta to Canton. From Canton to Archangel. What is the state of those countries you pass in going from Archangel to Greenland, thence to Cape Horn and Behring's Straits, and thence to the Sandwich and Society Isles, NewHolland, and the Cape of Good Hope? What countries do you remember with most pleasure? What religion have you found most prevalent, and what state of civilization with it? What state of civilization with the Mahometan religion? What is the religion of the most enlightened countries? How do they compare with others in their customs and religious rites? What government do you find most common? What empire appears to be the most extensive in the world? Which is the largest and most populous quarter of the world? Which is the second, the third, the fourth in size? What is their order as to population? What is the most populous country in the world, and what the second? How do these compare with Europe, Africa and America in popula tion on the plains, & the sugar cane ceases Tiger the warm regions, which be neat is 1. Le rather damp than cold, and regetlives grow he greatest part of the year. They e olive and the fig cease to grow. mak the temperate regions, we first meet will the Accession of the four seasons of the year and an >portion of cold and heat. They produce whent ey, the most nourishing grains, in perfection most useful vegetables and fruits in abundance. In the cold regions, the winters are long and cold, and wheat cannot be raised without difbut the pastures are rich, and rye, oats and n be cultivated. in the frozen regions the cold of winter is inand ice continues through the year. Vegetation " and chiefly confined to the south side of the nd cultivation is almost impracticable. The animals and vegetables of the earth are vadifferent regions, according to the degree of moisture; and are so wonderfully adapted to nation and climate, and the wants of the inhabthat they furnish the strongest proof of the wisver, and goodness of the Creator. It should be remembered that the inous countries of the earth different from the regions in always furnish the same azin -How may the surface of t the equatorial regions. The ary between them? s islands and imate ma- Of the Regions, Climates, Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals of the Earth, and of the Arts, Commerce, Literature and Customs of its inhabitants. REGIONS AND CLIMATES. 417. The surface of the earth between the equator and each pole, may be divided into seven different regions, which are distinguished from each other by their climates and productions. 418. The equatorial or torrid regions, extending twenty degrees on each side of the equator, have all the characteristics of the Torrid Zone. (See § 87 to 92) They are the only regions which produce the spices, and the most fragrant gums, such as myrrh and incense. 419. The opposite extreme of climate is the icy region, which surrounds each of the poles, as far as latitude 75° or 78°. It is destitute of all vegetation, and is probably covered with perpetual ice. 420. Between these opposite extremes, the climate gradually varies from the greatest heat to the greatest cold. This portion of the earth may be divided into five principal regions; the tropical or hot region, the warm, the temperate, the cold, and the frozen. 421. In consequence of the different situation of various countries, the degree of heat is not always proportioned to the distance from the equator. (See $113, 114.) The boundaries of these different regions are marked on the general view of the climates and productions of the earth. (See the Atlas.) 422. It will be observed that the limits of these regions extend from eight to twelve degrees farther north on the eastern continent than in America; and also, that they are much farther from the equator on the western coast of each continent, than on the eastern. 423 The tropical or hot regions, extending from latitude 20° to 37° in Europe, and 30° in America & Asia, will not produce the finest spices, but still retain the characteristics of the Torrid Zone, except that the trees are stripped of their leaves for a few months, in the northern parts. These regions terminate where snow |