ever they had a (a) mind to; fo that there could be no publick Safety, until a ftop could be put to this Licentioufnefs, which in a little Time was effected by the Deaths of these Men, who were all flain by Jupiter and his Affociates (b).

When Jupiter had fettled his Affairs in Crete, he and his Worthies obtained themselves great Fame in foreign Lands: Diodorus fays, they travelled over almost all the World (c); but their vifiting the Cities and States of Greece was enough to cause this Report of them: There were feveral Kingdoms growing up in thefe Countries at this Time; but the political Arts were here but in their Infancy, and fo great a Mafter of them as Jupiter, from what has been faid of him, muft appear to have been, may very well be fuppofed to be capable of inftructing others in many Points conducive to their publick Welfare: He and his Agents were at all Times ready to affift, with their Perfons or Advice, any Kingdom that thought fit to apply to them, and they always acquitted themselves fo honourably, to the feveral States that had made them Application, and were fo fignally useful and beneficial to them, that a great Senfe of the good they had done went down to Pofterity, and in After-ages when they were deified, each City took for its

(α) Σώματος υπέροχος καὶ ῥώμαις πεποιθότας καταδελίας μὲν πλησιοχώρας, ἀπειθεῖν ἢ τὸ δικαίς τιθεμένοις νόμοις. Diod. 1. 5. p. 234. (b) Apollod. Biblioth. 1. 1. c. 6. (c) 'Eteader των οικεμένων σχεδὸν ἅπασαν. Dicdor. 1. 5. p. 234

tutelar

tutelar Divinity fome one of these Cretans, him or her, to whom their Ancestors had been o

bliged in this manner: And this is what Apollodorus fuggefts to us: He fays the Gods chofe their Cities, in which each was to have their particular Honours (d); and thus Minerva became the Deity of the Athenians (e), Juno of Samos (f) and others of them the Gods of other Cities: I would obferve that the Time, which Apollodorus fixes for this Choice of their favourite Cities, fuits exactly with the Age in which we place Jupiter: He fays it was in the Days of Cecrops (f), probably a little before his Death, about A. M. 2472 (g). Neptune and Minerva went at this Time to Attica, but they differed when they came there in their Advice to the Athenians: Neptune thought their Situation ought to direct them to Sea-affairs: Minerva was for having them lay the Foundation of their Profperity upon other Arts: We are told that Neptune and Minerva were fo warm in this Contest, that Jupiter came over to decide it (b); and that Minerva's Advice was at length agreed to be taken, and thus Athens came to be reputed to be her City (i). Mars at this time was probably amongst other Attendants upon Jupiter, as Halirrothius the Son of Neptune might come with his Father: Agraulos one of the Daughters of Cecrops was given

(α) Ἔδοξε τοῖς θεοῖς πόλεις καταλαβέας, ἐν ἅις ἔμελλον xew Tiμas idias nasos. Apollod. 1. 3. c. 13. (e) Id. ibid Plutarch. Sympof. 1. 9. Qu. 6. (f) Plutarch. ibid. (f) Apoll. ubi fup. (g) Cecrops died A. M. 2473. See Vol. II, (b) Apollod. ubi fup. (2) Id. ibid.

B. 8.

to Mars to be his Wife, and Halirrothius attempted to force her, upon which Mars killed him (k), and this was the Crime for which Mars was tried in the Court of Areopagus A. M. 2473 (), and thus as to Time, the feveral Hints we have of the Lives and Actions of these Men do perfectly well agree to what is above fixed for the Epoch of them.

About the Year of the World 2476, Jupiter, as has been before hinted, made an Expedition into Arcadia: Lycaon was King there, a Prince of fome Fame, and furrounded with a numerous Offspring (m), but of most savage Manners: He fhed human Blood at his Sacrifices (n): He received Jupiter with an Appearance of Hofpitality, but at the Entertainment the Body of a Child was ferved up to the Table (0): Jupiter moved at the fight of fuch a Preparation, with the Help of his Attendants attacked Lycaon (p): Lycaon is faid to have been turned into a Wolf (2), and fome learned Writers have imagined, that a frantic Madness seized him, and that he died of a Distemper, that might countenance this Fiction (r): I fhould rather think, that he fell by the Hand of (s) Jupiter, and that the Fable of his being turned into a Wolf was invented Ages after his Death. By an-Hint we

(k) Apollod. ibid. See Vol. II. B. 8.

(1) Id. ibid. Marm. Arundell. Ep. 3. (m) Paufan. in Arcadicis. Apollod. Bibl. 1. 3. c. 8. (2) Iid. ibid. (0) Paufan. in Arcad. Apol. ibid. (p) Apollod. ubi fup. (9) Paufan. ubi fup. (r) The learned Writers who were of this Opinion, are cited by the prefent Lord Bishop of Durham, in his moft excellent Vindication of bis Defence of Chriftianity, p. 25. (s) Vid. Apollod.

have in Paufanias, it looks as if the Arcadians did not leave off their barbarous Custom of eating human Flefh, at the Death of Lycaon; for he tells us of a Man, fome Years after Lycaon, who was turned into a Wolf for ten Years, upon his partaking of a Banquet of human Flesh; and adds, that if in that ten Years he had not entirely abftained from fuch Food, he must have continued a Wolf all his Life after (t): Plato treats the Representation of this Perfon being turned into a Wolf as a Fable, and moralizes it to exprefs his having been a Tyrant, fuch an one being indeed as a Wolf to his People (u). In Length of Time the Arcadians extinguished from amongst their People the favage Appetite abovementioned; and perhaps the Method by which they reformed them was by an annual Commemoration of the Benefits they had received from the Hands of Jupiter. In after-ages they erected an Altar to him by the Name of Lycæus, and instituted the Lupercalia to his Honour, and when they performed the Services appointed at this Solemnity, perhaps the Barbarities of Lycaon, and of fome other Perfon, who was afterwards for ten Years not unlike him, might be recited to the People in fuch a Manner as to occafion the Fable, that was told afterwards of both of them. Paufanias, as well as Apollodorus, imagined Jupiter to have really been a Deity at the Time of these Transactions (w): Paufanias fuppofes

(t) Paufan. in Arcadicis, c. 2. 724. (w) Paufan. in Arcadic. G 4

(u) Plato de Repub. 1. 8. p. Apollod. Bibl. 1. 3. c. 8.

Lycaon

Lycaon himself to have at this time been a Worhipper of Jupiter; that he had dedicated the Altar, and inftituted the Lupercalia (x): But the Marble fuggefts a more probable Time for the Rife both of the Games and Altar; namely in the Reign of Pandion the Son of the second Cecrops, who was King of Athens above 200 Years after the Times of Lycaon (y): Paufanias and Apollodorus had neither of them formed a true Judgment of the Progress of the Heathen Idolatries, nor were they apprized, that the Greeks did not worship Heroe-Gods in thefe Ages; but that the Elements and Lights of Heaven were at this Time the Objects of their Devotion (*): Jupiter himself paid his Worship to these Gods: He offered his Sacrifices to the Sun, to the Heaven, and to the Earth (a); fo that it must be impoffible, that whilft Jupiter was alive, and known to be but a mortal Man, and was himself a Worshipper of Divinities of a fuperior Nature, any King or People whatever could imagine him a God, and erect Altars and offer Sacrifices to him. We cannot at this diftance of Time form any certain Judgment of the then State of the Arcadians: But from the Stay Jupiter made in this Country, from the appearing good Underftanding between him and Lycaon's Children,

(x) Ibid. () Marmor. Arundell. Ep. 18. (%) Φαίνονται μὲν ὁι πρῶτοι τῶν ἀνθρώπων δεὶ τὰ Ἑλλάδα τέτος μίνες θεὸς ἡγείως, ὥσπερ νῦν πολλοὶ τῶν Βαρβάρων, ἥλιον, καὶ orating, y yli, a asex, seavov. Plat. in Cratylo. (a) Πρὸ ἢ ἐμάχης προς τις γίγαντας τὰς ἐν Κρήτῃ, λέγεται τὸν Dia dvomi mi sev. Diodor. 1. 5. p. 234.

اد

ادا

and