Such Arbitrators are to fwear before Verdict given (d).

The Arbitrators are to wait for the Plaintiff's Appearance till Sunfet, and then, in Cafe he don't appear, shall inflict such a Penalty as fhall be convenient (e).

It is lawful to make Appeal from Arbitrators chosen by Lots, to other Courts of Juftice (f). See Book I. Chap. xxii.

4 Law about Oaths.

ATHS fhall be attefted by three Gods, Ixio, or the Supplicant's Prefident, Kaddpoi, the Purifier, Eanesne, the Difpeller of Danger, or Evil (g). See Book II. Chap. vi.

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Laws treating of Witneffes.

HEIR Evidence fhall not be taken, who are ATIμOI (b).

No Slaves fhall appear as Evidences(i). See Book I. Chap. xi. No one fhall be Evidence for himself, either in Judicial Actions, or in rendering up Accounts (k). See Book I. Chap. xxi. and in fome of the following Laws.

Both Plaintiff and Defendant are obliged to answer each other's Queftions, but their Answers shall not pass for Evidence (*).

There shall be no Conftraint for Friends and Acquaintance, if contrary to their Wills, to bear Witness one against another (*).

Let the Penalty of the Action call'd Yeudoμaprue be in Force against those who bear, or fuborn false Witneffes (*).

Evidence fhall be declared in Writing (*).

Witneffes, being once fworn, fhall by no Means draw back from what they are to atteft. See as before, and in the following.

Eye-witneffes fhall write down what they know, and read it (p).

His Evidence fhall fuffice, that can give his axon, or what he heard from a Person deceased; or inapruela, i. e. an Attestation received from one gone to travel, fuppofing the Traveller hath no Poffibility of returning (q).

That Witness, who declines his Evidence, fhall be fin'd a Drachm (r). One, cited for a Witness, fhall either give in his Evidence, fwear he knows nothing of it, or incur a Mulet of a thousand Drachms to be paid to the publick Exchequer (/).

Let contefting Parties, if they will, make Ufe of the Napapruela(t). See as before.

Falle Witnefes fhall be profecuted with the Action call'd Aixn feuδομαρτυριών. He that fuborn'd them with Δίκη κακοτεχνών(u). δεν Book I. Chap. xxiv.

(d) Idem in Callippum. (e) Ulpianus in Midianam, (f) Lucianus Abdicato. (g) Pollux, lib. VILI. cap. 12. Hefycbius v. Tper eoí. (b) Demofth. in Neæram, (i) Terentius Phorm. A&t. I. Sc. II. (k) Demofthenes in Stephanum de falfa Teft, Orat. II. (*) Ibidem Orat. I. (p) Demofibenes in Stepban. Orat. II. (2) Ibidem. (~) Idem in Timotheum. (f) Ibidem, Suidas, Harpocration, (t) Demofthenes in Leocharem. (×) Idem in Euergum & Mnefibulum.

Ma

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Laws touching Judgments already past.

HERE fhall be no renewing of any Thing dispatch'd by Judges either in publick or private Matters, or by the People, according to the Enactions of their Decrees; there fhall be likewife no fuffraging and impeaching any one contrary to the Prescription of the Laws (w). All Judgments, or Verdicts whatsoever, deliver'd by the Judges in the popular State, fhall ftand good, but all Acts and Decrees, that are made under the thirty Tyrants, fhall be void (x).

Laws concerning Punishments.

HE Judges are not to proceed fo strictly, as that corporal and pecuniary Punishments fhall be inflicted at one and the fame

TH

Time (v).

They, who run into Errors unwittingly, fhall not be arraign'd in the publick Court, but fome adhortatory Leffons of their Duty are to be privately inculcated (x).

The most fufficient and wealthiest of the Athenians fhall be exil'd by Oftracifm for ten Years, left they should rife up and rebel (a). See Book I. Chap. xxv.

No one is to harbour an Exile: He, that doth, is to participate the fame Fate with him (6).

Let both Delinquent and Abettor receive Punishments alike (c). He that profeffeth himself guilty, before Arraignment, shall be condemned (d).

Criminals, who have been fin'd, fhall be obliged to pay from the very Day the Fine was due, whether they are registered in the DebtBook or no: And he that doth not make Payment, within the ninth Prytany, fhall be obliged to pay double (e).

No one indebted to the City fhall enter on any Office (f).

That Man, who, being indebted to the City, hath been convicted of making an Oration to the People, fhall be the Eleven (g).

Debtors to the City, till they have clear'd off all, shall be (TI) infamous; but if they die, not having fully discharged their Debts, their Heirs fhall be infamous, till they make Satisfaction (b).

After Payment is made, the Debtor's Name fhall be erased out of the Debt-book (i).

Three Parts of the Debtor's Goods, which are forfeited to the Exchequer, fhall fall to any private Perfon that informs against him (k). Let thofe, who are Debtors to the Publick, and have not their Names enroll'd, be fued by the Action call'd Erdeğis (1).

(z) Idem in Timocratem. (x) Ibidem. (y) Idem. (x) Plato Apologia Socratis. (a) Plutarchus in Pericle. (b) Demofthenes in Polyclem. (c) Andocides de Myfteriis. (d) Demofthenes in Timocratem. (e) Libanius Argumento Orat. in Ariftogit. & in Androt. (f) Idem Argumento Androtianæ. (g) Dinarcbus in Ariftogit, (b) Libanius Argumento Orat. in Ariftogit, Ulpianus in Timocrate. (i) Demofthenes in Theocrinem, (k) Idem in Nicoftratum. (/) Idem in Theocrinem,

They,

They, who have been unjustly registered as Debtors, shall be struck out, and their Names, who registered them, be put in their Place (a).

If any Debtor fhall be blotted out of the Albe, or Register, before he hath discharged his Debt, let the Action, call'd Ayeáptov, be brought against him in the Court of the Thefmotheta (b). See Book I. Chap.

xxiii.

Whosoever hath been branded with Infamy,before Solon's Archonship, fhall be reprivileged, except those whom the Areopagites, Epheta, or Prytanes have banish'd, by the Appeal of the Bariasus, for Murther, Burglary, or Treafon, when this Law was promulged (c). One of Solon's Laws.

No Interceffion fhall be made for any disfranchised Perfon, nor for any one indebted to the publick Exchequer, or the Gods, towards the invefting the former with his Privileges, and erafing the latter's Name out of the Debt-book, unless the Athenian People, by fix thousand private Votes, permit it. If any one puts up an Address to the Senate, or People for them, whom the Judges, Senate, or People have already caft, or the Debtor fupplicate for himself before Payment be made, let the Writ call'd Eveis be iffued out against him after the fame Manner," as against thofe, who, tho' indebted, prefume to act as Judges; if any other body, before Reftitution of the Debt be made, intercede for the Debtor, let all his Goods be expofed to Sale; and if a Proedrus give a Debtor, or any other Perfon on this Account, leave to propofe the Petition to be voted before Accounts be made up, he shall be AT(d). Laws referring to Receivers of publick Revenues, the Exchequer, and Money for Shows.

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HE Senate of five hundred fhall put fuch, as farm the public Revenues, and are negligent to pay their Rent, in the Stocks (e).

If the abovemention'd Officers don't bring in their Rents before the ninth Prytany, they fhall pay double (ƒ).

If they do not give Security to the Publick, let their Goods be confifcated (g).

They, who are entrusted with Money for the carrying on of religious Affairs, fhall render it up in the Senate; which, if they neglect, they fhall be proceeded against in the fame Manner as they, who farm the publick Revenues (b).

They, who employ the publick Stock a whole Year for their own Ufe, fhall be obliged to restore double; and they, who continue thus fquandering another Year, fhall be clap'd into Gaol until Payment be made(i).

A thoufand Talents are yearly to be laid by for the defending of Attica against foreign Invafions, which Money, if any Perfon propofe to lay out on any other Defign, he shall fuffer Death (k).

At the Eruption of a fudden War, Soldiers fhall be paid out of the Remainder of the Money design'd for Civil Uses (4).

(4) Idem. Orat. I. in Ariftogit. (b) Idem in Theocrinem. (c) Plutarchus Solone. (d) Demofthenes Timocratea. (e) Andocides de Myfteriis. (f) Demofthenes in Timocratem. (g) Demofthenes Nicoftrat. (b) Idem in Timocratem. (i) Anonymus argumento Timocratea, (k) Andocides de pace Laced. (1) Demofthenes in Neæram.

If any one propofes, that the Soldiers Pay should be taken out of the Money defign'd for the Exhibition of Shows, he fhall be put to Death (m). This Law was enacted by Eubulus, to ingratiate himself with the Commonalty. See Book I. Chap. xiv.

I

Laws about Limits and Land-marks.

F there be a publick Well within the Space of an Hippicum, any one may make use of that; but otherwise, every Person that dig one of his own (n). One of Solon's Laws, to prevent Contentions about Water, which was very fearce in Attica.

If any one digs a Well near another Man's Ground, he must leave the Space of an Ogyvid betwixt it and his Neighbour's Inclosure (9). Another of Solon's Laws.

He that digs a Well ten Ogyviai deep, and finds no Spring, may draw twice a Day out of his Neighbour's fix Veffels of Water call'd Xóes (p). Another of Solon's Laws.

Let him, who digs a Ditch, or makes a Trench nigh another's Land, leave fo much Distance from his Neighbour, as the Ditch, or Trench, is deep (q). Another of Solon's Laws.

If any one makes a Hedge near his Neighbour's Ground, let him not país his Neighbour's Land-mark; if he builds a Wall, he is to leave one Foot betwixt him and his Neighbour; if an Houfe, two (r). This was alfo enacted by Solon.

He, that builds an House in a Field, fhall have it a Bow-shot from his Neighbour (/). This was also enacted by Solon.

He, who keeps a Hive of Bees, muft place them three hundred Feet from his Neighbour's (t). Another of Solon's Laws.

Olive and Fig-trees must be planted nine Feet from another's Ground, but other Trees, five (u). This was likewife one of Solon's Laws. The Trees here mention'd are faid to spread their Roots wider than others.

If any one plucks up the facred Olive-trees at Athens, befides the two yearly allow'd to be used at the publick Festivals or Funerals, he fhall pay an hundred Drachms for every one unlawfully pull'd up, the tenth Part of which Fine fhall be due to Minerva. The fame Offender fhall alfo pay an hundred to any private Perfon, who fhall profecute him; the Action fhall be brought before the Archons, where the Profecutor fhall depofit Пlpuravaa. The Fine laid upon the convicted Criaminal, the Archons, before whom the Action is brought, fhall give an Account of to the ПpdxToges; and of that Part, which is to be repofited in Minerva's Treafury, to her Quaeftors, which, if they don't, themselves shall be liable to pay it (w).

(m) Ulpianus in Olynthiac. (n) Plutarchus Solone. Tab. (p) Plutarchus Solone. (9) Plutarchus & Gajus (γ) Ecloga Βασιλικῶν. (t) Plutarchus Solone, (w) Demofthenes in Macart.

(0) Gajus lib. IV. ad Leg. XII. locis cit. (r) Gajus loc, cít. (u) Plutarchus & Gajus ibid.

Law

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Laws refpecting Lands, Herds, and Flocks.

EN fhall not be permitted to purchase as much Land as they defire (x). One of Solon's Laws, defign'd to prevent Men from growing too great and powerful.

All wild Extravagants, and Spend-thrifts, who lavifhly run out the Eflates left them by their Fathers, or others, fhall be ATμos. Another of Solon's Laws (y).

Any one, who brings an He-Wolf, shall have five Drachms, and for a She-Wolf, one (x). One of Solon's Laws, in whofe Time Attica was infefted with Wolves.

No one fhall kill an Ox which labours at the Plough. An old Law (a). See Book II. Chap. iv.

No Man fhall kill a Lamb of a Year old. No Man fhall kill an Ox. Thefe Laws were enacted, when those Animals were fcarce in Attica (b). Hurt no living Creatures. One of Triptolemus's Laws (c).

I

Laws relating to Buying and Selling.

F any Perfon fues for the Title of Land, he fhall profecute the Poffeffors with the Action call'd Sixn nap; if of an House, with a Ainn cronix (d). See Book I. Chap. xxiv.

There fhall be no Cheating among the Market Folks (e).

That Fishmonger fhall incur Imprisonment, who fhall over-rate his Fife, and take less than the firft profer'd them for (f).

Fishmongers fhall not lay their ftinking Fish in Water, thereby to make it more vendible (g).

Laws appertaining to Ufury and Money.

Banker fhall demand no more Interest-Money, than what he

A agreed for at firft (b).

Let Ufurers Interest-Money be moderate (¿).

No body, who hath put in Surety for any Thing, may fue for it, he or his Heirs (k).

Pledges and Sureties shall stand but for one Year (2).

No one to clear his Debt shall make himself a Slave (m). One of Solon's Laws.

He, who does not pay what has been adjudg'd in due Time, shall have his House rifled (n).

The Fine enfuing the Action, call'd Egan,fhall go to the Publick().

(x) Ariftotelis Polit. lib. II. cap. 8. (y) Diog. Laertius, Æfchines in Timarchum. (x) Plutarchus Solone. (a) Ælianus Var. Hift. lib. I. cap. 14. (b) Athenæus, lib. I. & IX. Euftathius in Iliad. d. (c) Porphyrius redox Hieronymus in Jovin. lib. II. (d) Lyfias in Demoftb. Curet. (e) Demofthenes Leptinea. (f) Alexis Comicus Lebete. (g) Xenarcbus Topoúpa. (b) Lyfias Orat. I. in Theomneftum. (i) Ulpianus in Timocrateam extrem. (k) Demofthenes in Spudiam. (1) Demofthenes in Apaturium. (m) Plutarchus Solone, (n) Ulpianus in Midianam, (6) Demofthenes Midiana.