Adams, John, views on independ- | Bacon, Roger, said to have invented
ence, 311; theory of govern- ment, 333; vice-president, 338; president, 356.
Adams, John Quincy, presideney of, 387.
Africa, early civilization in, 6. Albigenses, 264.
Alcuin aids Charlemagne in found- ing schools, 43. Alderame, founder of House of Montferrat, 66. Alien Act, 358.
Alison, account of the death of Marie Antoinette, 113; of Robes- pierre's execution, 119. America, early civilization, 9; dis- covery of, 51, 283. Anglo-Saxons, converted to Christi- anity, 41.
Angoulême, Duchess of, 121. Anne of Austria, Regent, 87. Antoinette, Marie, execution of, 112. Aristocracy in France, 59; war against, 77.
Aristotle, works of, 18.
Baldwin, Count of Flanders, anec- dote of, 158.
Bank of discount, first established in France, 95.
of France established, 133. of the United States created, 342, 379.
Barebones parliament, 227. Barons, feudal, in Italy, 66; conflict with crown, 76; secure Magna Charta, 162; war against the king, 165; summon great council, 167; powers under Edward II., 168; defeated by the king, 170. Barras commands the troops of the Convention, 123; member of the Directory, 125.
Beckett, Thomas à, assassinated, 161.
Boleyn, Anne, marriage with Henry VIII., 181.
Bordeaux, Duke de, 145; Charles abdicates in favor of, 147.
Arius, disbelief in divinity of Christ, Boston Port Bill, 304.
Armies, standing, origin of, 83. Arnold, Benedict, treason of, 323. Asia, seat of the first civilization, 1;
religion of, 3.
Assignats, origin of, 106.
Bouchard, founder of House of Montmorency, 64.
Bouillon, Duke of, defeat of, 86. Bouillon, Godfrey de, 261. Bourgeoisie, 85.
Athens, government, 15; classes of Bretagne, Count of, vassal of Wil-
inhabitants, 15.
Austria, subjugation of, 138.
Bacon, Lord, comments on reign of Henry VII., 178; condemned, 204.
liam of Normandy, 61. Buckle, on Egyptian civilization, 6; adopts Montesquieu's theory of civilization, 25; on military duty, 81; gunpowder, 82; standing ar
mies, 83; the feudal system, 91; | Charter government, 293.
criticised, 200; on the Treaty of Westphalia, 277.
Buddhism, 3.
Bunker Hill, 308.
Burgoyne capitulates, 318. Burr, Aaron, candidate for presi- dency, 362; character, 363.
Calabria, captured by William of Normandy, 61.
Calvin, John, 269.
Chivalry, origin of, in France, 59. Christ, the Saviour, advent of, 31; mission of, 32.
Christian converts, enthusiasm of, in Rome, 33. Christian priests, 43.
Christianity, rise, 30; nature, 32; growth, 32-37; accepted by Con- stantine, 37; sects, 38; progress in Asia, 41.
Church, character of the early, 40. Church of England established, 190.
Calvinism introduced into Scot- Church of Rome, 259; denounced
persecuted in England, 191. Centralization in France, 135. Centuries in Rome, 28. Chambord, Count de, 145; Charles abdicates in favor of, 147. Charlemagne, advent, 43; character, 44; successors, 57. Charles the Bold, 57.
Charles I. ascends the English throne, 207; dissolves parliament, 210; war with Scotland, 210; calls Long Parliament, 212; contest with the commons, 215; civil war, 217; imprisoned, 222; trial and execution, 223.
Charles II., proclaimed king, 235; returns from exile, 238; restora- tion, 239; conspiracy against, 241; laws passed, 246; death, 247; character, 247; anecdotes of, 248.
Charles VII., of France, said to have raised first standing army in Europe, 84.
Charles X. succeeds to the French throne, 146; abdicates, 147. Charron, 271.
Cicero, opinion of government, 26, 333.
Cinq Mars, Marquis of, executed,
Civilization, First, 1; nature, 2;
Second, 6; Third, 12; influences on, 23; Fourth, 30.
Clergy in France, 91; struggle with Feudality, 92.
Climate, influence of, on civilization, 1, 6, 22. Clovis, 56.
Code Napoléon, 132. Colonies in America, 293; form union, 294; resist England, 299; war begun, 308; become sovereign states, 314; confederation, 318. Columbus, Christopher, 283. Committee of Public Safety, 108;
created, 111; exercises absolute dictatorship, 117.
Commons, House of, created, 165; sit separately from lords, 170; impeachments, 172; privileges, 203; struggle with James, 204, 205; antagonism to Charles, 208; divisions of, 210; dissolution of by Charles, 210; remonstrance against the crown, 214. Commune, origin, 77; under Louis VI., 79; privileges curtailed, 93, governs Paris, 108; ruled by Robespierre, 109.
Condillac, publishes "Treatise on Sensations," 98.
Confederation of American colo- nies, 318; failure of, 325. Confederation of the Rhine, 136. Confucius, death of, 17.
Congress, continental, meets, 305; second meeting, 308; meeting of United States, 338. Constantine accepts Christianity, 37, 40.
De Tocqueville, on Athens, 16; on equality, 31, 50.
Diderot, publishes Encyclopædia,
Directory in France, 121; parties of, 125; assumes dictatorial power, 126; opposition to, 127. Duke, origin of title, 58.
Constitution of the United States, 330. Constitutional Convention in Phila- Ducos created consul, 130. delphia, 328.
Constitutional government, origin of, in England, 253. Constitutionalists, their struggle for power in France, 125. Constitutions of Clarendon, 161. Consuls in Rome, 28.
Continental blockade, 137.
Ecclesiastical court revived, 250. Edict.of Nantes, 271; revoked, 276. Edward the Confessor, laws of, 159. Edward I. succeeds to English throne, 168.
Edward II., succession of, 168; character, 169; deposed, 170.
Cordeliers, founded by Danton, 109. Edward III. of England, recog-
Council of the Ancients, 122.
of Five Hundred, 122. of Nice, 38.
Count, origin of title, 58. Cranmer, Thomas, efforts for Henry's divorce, 182; made arch- bishop of Canterbury, 183; executed, 189. Cromwell, Oliver, advent of, 209; leader of the Puritans, 214; sketch of his life, 218; master of parliament, 222; anecdote of, 223; disperses parliament, 226; vocations of his officers, 227; pro- tector, 228; foreign policy, 229; aspirations for the crown, 230; death, 232; character, 233. Cromwell, Richard, succeeds his father as protector, 234. Crown, conflict with barons, 76. Crusades, 261.
Dampierre, Guy de, 62. Danes in England, 152. Danton, character, 109; rules National Assembly, 111; com- pared with Robespierre, 113; execution, 114.
Dark Ages, 42; summary, 395. Delaware, early settlers, 284. Democracy, rise of, 48.
Descartes, influence of, 101, 272. Desmoulins, Camille, execution of, 114.
De Soto discovers the Mississippi River, 283.
nized as King of France, 63; reign of, 170.
Edward IV., King of England, 175. Edward V. proclaimed King of England, 175.
Edward VI. succeeds to English throne, 188.
Egbert, King of Wessex, 151. Egypt, early civilization in, 6; religion of, 7.
Elizabeth, accession of, 190; char- acter, 191; reign, 195; death, 197.
Elizabeth, sister of Louis XVI., executed, 115.
Embargo law passed by United States, 369.
Empire in France, 135; opposition to, 136; fall of, 139; extent of, 141. Empire of the West, overthrown by Odoacer, 29.
Encyclopædia, published by Did- erot and D'Alembert, 97. England, Saxon epoch, 151; Nor- man conquest, 155; feudal sys- tem introduced, 155; feudality vanquishes the monarchy, 162; Magna Charta, 162; House of Commons created, 165; powers of the king, 166; parliament summoned, 167; Wales annexed 168; legislative functions of par liament recognized, 173; the monarchy again in the ascend- ant, 177; reign of Henry VIII.,
180; accession of Elizabeth, 190; decline of the monarchy, 201; reign of Charles I., 207; the Revolution of 1688, 212; contest between Charles and parliament, 212; civil war, 217; Cromwell, 218; military despotism, 224; the protectorate, 228; death of Crom- well, 232; restoration of Charles II., 239; origin of whigs and tories, 243; limited monarchy, 249: crown ceases to be held by divine right, 253; material pro- gress, 254; acquires North Amer- ica, 284; measures against Amer- ican colonies, 299; war with same, 308; treaty of peace, 323; com- mercial relations with United States, 367; war with United States, 372; summary, 398. Epicureans, philosophy of, 20. Equality of men, first preached by Christ, 31.
Essex, Earl of, commands parlia- mentary forces against Charles,
Ethiopia, early civilization, 6. Europe, early civilization, 12.
Fawkes, Guy, 202. Federalists, 338. Feudal system, nature, 55; intro- duced into Gaul, 56; France, 61; Italy, 66; character of feudal laws in France, 75; assailed by monarchy, 75; disappearance of, 89, 90; Buckle on, 91; introduced into England, 155; yanquishes English monarchy, 162; abol- ished, 246.
Fiefs, definition of, 55.
97; skepticism, 102; revolution 104; National Assembly meets, 105; divided into departments, 106; church property sold, 106 proceedings of Legislative Assem- bly, 107; committee of public safety, 108; parties of the Mon- tagne and the Gironde, 109; re- public proclaimed, 110; war pro- claimed against England, Hol- land, and Spain, 110; reign of terror, 111; under Robespierre, 115; death of Danton, 114; of Robespierre, 119; National Con- vention supreme, 121; the Direc- tory, 121; advent of Napoleon, 123; war against foreign nations, 124; the consulate, 131; under Napoleon, 132; the empire, 135; Napoleonic Wars, 136; restora- tion of the monarchy, 140; Water- loo, 141; second restoration, 142; parties, 143; downfall of the monarchy, 146; assists American colonists, 322; relations with the United States, 357; summary, 397.
Franklin, Benjamin, views on inde- pendence, 312.
Franks converted to Christianity,
Fronde, war of the, 87.
Garter, order of, founded, 171. Gaul, invasions of, 67. Genet, 345.
George III., cause of American war,
Georgia settled, 284.
Germans accept Christianity, 41; occupy Gaul, 67.
Flanders, Count of, assassin of Girondists, 108; leaders of, 110;
William of Normandy, 61. Florida, discovery of, 283. Fouquier Tinville, 117; beheaded,
France, classes, 49; middle ages, 57; divisions, 58; conflict be- tween crown and barons, 76; introduction of printing, 85; es- tablishment of the monarchy, 88; first bank of discount, 95; loses Canada and East India posses- sions, 96; intellectual activity,
Goths accept Christianity, 41. Government, theories of, 330. Greece, growth of civilization, 14; converted into a Roman prov- ince, 21; religion, 21; aspects of nature, 23; compared with India,
Greek Church separated from Ro- man Church, 41. Gregorian calendar annulled in France, 110.
Gregory VII., 260,
Grey, Lady Jane, executed, 189. Guise, Duke de, 63,
Guizot, comments on Charlemagne, 45; character of Washington, 354. Gunpowder, invention of, 79. Gunpowder Plot, 202.
Hume, sketch of character of Charles II., 247.
Hundred Days, The, 141. Huss, John, 265.
Hyde, Sir Edward, 246.
Iconoclastic controversy, 41. Impeachment power first exercised, 170.
Hamilton, General, opposition to Independence, struggle begun in
Hampden, John, 210.
Harold II., last Saxon king, 154. Hartford Convention, 378. Hastings, battle of, 145.
Hazlitt, account of death of Robes- pierre, 119; comments on Napo- feon, 123.
Hébert executed, 114.
Helvetius writes "The Mind," 98. Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I., 207; character, 216. Henry, Prince de Léon, 65. Henry I. ascends English throne, 160.
Henry II., Duke of Montmorency, 64.
Henry II., King of England, 161. Henry III., King of England, 164. Henry IV. succeeds to English throne, 172.
Henry IV. of France, 271.
Henry V. ascends English throne,
Henry VI. proclaimed King of England and France, 174. Henry VII., King of England, char- acter of reign, 178. Henry VIII. ascends English throne, 180; marriage with Anne Boleyn, 181; head of the Church, 184; wives, 188.
Heroic Age, in Greece, 14. Hindostan, seat of the first civili- zation, 1; caste in, 2; inhabitants compared with the Greeks, 24. Holland annexed to France, 138. Homer, date of poems, 14. House of Commons created, 165; sit separately from the lords, 170. Howe, Gen., in command of British forces, 315. Hudson, Henry, 284. Huguenots, 270.
America, 306; declaration of; 308. Independents, compose Rump Par- liament, 235; decline, 237.
India, seat of the first civilization, 1; religion, 3; aspects of nature, 23; compared with Greece, 24. Innocent III., interdicts of, 263. Innocent IV. excommunicates Em- peror of Germany, 263. Inquisition established, 263. Institutes of Menu, 1. International law, origin of, 277. Ireland, early period, 151; invaded by Cromwell, 224. Italy, wars in, 262.
Jacobins, 109; club closed, 121. James I. ascends English throne, 201; struggle with parliament,
James II. of England, accession of, 249; acts of toleration, 250; an exile, 252.
Jay, John, negotiates treaty with England, 347.
Jefferson, Thomas, views on Inde- pendence, 312; member of Wash- ington's cabinet, 340; relations with Washington, 350; author of "Kentucky Resolutions," 359; presidency of, 363.
Jesuits, order of, suppressed, 276. John ascends English throne, 161; reign, 162; death, 164. John, Count of St. Pol, 63. Johnson, Andrew, impeachment, 336.
Jury trial, origin of, 161. Justinian Code, 27, 28.
Knight, duties in France, 60. Knighthood, created in France, 59; abolished, 106. Knox, John, 270.
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