so are Banksiaflora, Donna Maria, Jaunatre, and Princess Louise. The most vigorous grower is Rampante, which has pure white flowers; and the most tender is Triomphe de Bolwyller, the blooms of which in colour and fragrance much resemble those of Noisette Lamarque. With the exception of the last, however, which is a hybrid between a Sempervirens and a Tea rose, all these roses are very hardy, and not at all particular about soil or situation. They make grand weeping standards, and when used as climbers may be treated in every respect as recommended for Ayrshires. Félicité Perpétué, one of this group, makes an admirable stock to work free-growing roses on for culture as dwarfs, or for pillars and pyramids.

13. BOURSAULT ROSES.

L. Rosa alpina.-The Boursault roses are very distinct in character, and though not such rampant growers as Ayrshires and Sempervirens, they are invaluable for walls, pillars, and arches, and other positions where only a moderate growth is required, but where also there must be a blaze of colour. The first of the group was that now entered in the catalogues as the Old Red Boursault, which was the first double variety of Rosa alpina, raised by a Parisian rose amateur named M. Boursault. With the exception of Gracilis, which has thorns, all the members of this group have smooth reddish

branches, an ample and handsome leafage, and they flower most profusely when quite established. The finest of the group is Amadis, with semi-double brilliant purplish-crimson flowers, which change to purplish-lilac. This throws out long flexible pendulous branches, and makes a most graceful and glowing pillar or weeping standard. The Blush Boursault has large double blush flowers, and is a fine tree for a wall or a weeping standard. Inermis has large double bright pink flowers, which change to pale rose; it is distinct and good, and a most vigorous grower. Gracilis is the most graceful of all in growth, and is to be preferred for any purpose where a weeping habit is required. It throws out long pendulous shoots, covered with a luxurious foliage, and the flowers are of a brilliant rose colour, and very neatly formed. These roses require a rich deep soil, and the less they are pruned the more graceful will be their habit and the more abundant their flowers. The only pruning allowable is such as may be required to prevent crowding, and to keep the long shoots within reasonable bounds.

14. BANKSIAN ROSES.

L. Rosa Banksia.-This is a small but very choice group of climbing roses, by some believed to have been derived from Rosa sinica (syn. lævigata), by others supposed to be quite distinct, though closely related by botanical affinities. Rosa sinica, the

three-leaved China rose, has the same habit of growth as the Banksians, but the flowers are large, white, and solitary, and are succeeded by elliptic orange-red muricate fruit. The Banksians produce their flowers in corymbs, and the fruit is a small globose black berry. These are differences sufficiently striking, perhaps, to indicate that the Banksian roses are not the produce of R. sinica.

All the true Banksian roses are sub-evergreen climbing shrubs of very rambling and disorderly habit, vigorous in growth, with small glossy leaves, and producing a profusion of clusters of small, pretty flowers, which, in some varieties, are very brilliant. They are tender in constitution, and bloom so early that they frequently suffer from spring frosts, even in sheltered places. The Double White Banksian was introduced in 1807, and was so named in honour of Lady Banks. It is a beautiful rose, the flowers being very double, pure white, and emitting a perfume resembling that of violets. The Yellow Banksian was introduced in 1827; the flowers are bright buff-yellow, small, double, abundantly produced, and though always described as scentless, they emit a very agreeable perfume early in the morning, or late at night, when wet with dew. Jaune Serin has larger flowers than the Yellow, their colour is a more pure yellow, and the tree grows more vigorously. Jaune Vif is a very pretty yellow, with small flowers. Fortuniana, in

troduced by Mr. Fortune in 1850, produces large white flowers, which are very fragrant; this is truly beautiful, and a good companion to Jaune Serin. The Banksians should always be grown on south walls; they are too tender for any exposed position. They require a warm, dry soil, and must be allowed to grow pretty much as they please. The time to prune is immediately the bloom is over, some time in June; then all gross shoots should be cut out, but none of the twiggy branches should be shortened, for it is on these the flowers are produced. If these twiggy branches get crowded, some may be removed, but as a rule the cultivator should encourage their production; and if the branches are shortened indiscriminately, the trees will produce a number of strong shoots, and little or no flowering wood at all. In districts too bleak for Banksian roses on open walls, they may be grown to perfection on the back wall of a leanto greenhouse, and have a most charming appearance when in bloom.

15. HYBRID CLIMBING ROSES.

There are three good climbing roses that do not admit of being placed in either of the preceding groups, but which, nevertheless, merit a place here, because of their intrinsic excellence. Madame d'Arblay, or Wells's White, raised by Mr. Wells, of Redleaf, produces its flowers in immense clusters,

and they are thoroughly double and very pretty. This is a rose of the most vigorous growth, and in a deep strong soil will surpass almost every other rose known in the rapidity and extent of its production of strong flowering shoots. The Garland, also raised by Mr. Wells, has lilac and blush flowers, fading to white; it is less vigorous than the preceding. Sir John Sebright, a hybrid musk rose, was raised by Mr. Rivers. It produces its flowers in large clusters; they are of a bright crimson scarlet, and very fragrant. This is invaluable for its colour, a quality in which climbing roses are generally deficient.

16. DAMASK PERPETUAL ROSES.

Unlike the Perpetual Moss, which are not perpetual, these lovely roses really do bloom in autumn, and would be among the most popular-as they were in times gone by-except that the Hybrid Perpetuals so completely eclipse them that in a very short time hence their day will be over, and their race will be run. One of the happiest touches of Mr. Rivers's lively pen is that passage in the "Rose Amateur's Guide," in which he sighs at the thought of their approaching extinction, and writes down their history for the information of the New Zealander of A.D. 2500. While they last, all true rosarians will appreciate the delicious perfume of these roses, and have something to say in their vindication on their compact habit of growth, and abundant bloom during summer and

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