Flow of water, experiments on, 566- of water, fall per mile and slope, of water, Flynn's formula, 562 of water, formulæ for, 557-564, 1089 of water in pipes, 557 uniform of water in cast-iron pipe, 566 of water in 20" pipe, 566 of water, old formulæ for, 564 of water, Vr for pipes and con- of water through orifices, 555, Flowing water, horse-power of, 589 Foaming or priming of steam- Foot and inches, decimal equiva- Foot-pound, unit of work, 428 expression of, 429 graphic representation of, 415 moment of, 416 of acceleration, 427 of a blow, 430 of wind, 492 units of, 415 Foundry irons, grades of, 372 practice, moulding-sand, 952 951 practice, use of softeners, 950 product of, in decimals, 4 Framed structures, stresses in, 440- Framing, for bulkheads, table, 287 Francis's formulæ for weirs, 586 French measures and weights, 21-26 Frequency of alternating currents, Friction and lubrication, 928-945 laws of, of lubricated journals, Gas-producers use of steam in, 650 Avogadro's law of, 479 combustion of, rise of tempera- expansion of by heat, table, 459 heat of combustion of, 456 Mariotte's law of, 479 of combustion, analyses of, 622 weight and specific gravity of, waste, use of, under boilers, 689, Gasoline-engines, 850 Gauges, limit, for screw threads, 205 sheet metal, 28, 30-32 Stub's wire, 29 decimal, 32 Gauss, definition and value of, 1052 891 wheels, formula for dimensions wheels, milling cutters for, 892 chordal pitch, 889 comparison of formulæ, 902, 903 cycloidal teeth, 892 differential, 899 efficiency of, 899 forms of teeth, 892-899 formulæ for dimensions of, 890 involute teeth, 894 pitch, pitch-circle, etc, 887 pitch diameters for 1-inch circular proportions of teeth, 889-891 relation of diametral and circular speed of, 905 spiral, 897 Guy-ropes for stand-pipes, 293 ̧ Gyration, center of, 420 Hammering, effect of, on steel, 412 Haulage, wire-rope, 912d-916 wire-rope, endless rope system, wire-rope, engine-plane, 913 Haulage, wire-rope, tail-rope system, wire-rope, tramway, 914 Hawley down-draught furnace, 712 steel, weight of, 223 steel, table of sizes and proper- table of comparative strength of Head, frictional, in cast-iron pipe, loss of, 573-579 (see Loss of head) of water, 557 of water, comparison of, with of water, value in pounds per Heads of boilers, 706 of boilers, unbraced wrought- transmission of heat building walls, 534 (see through Heating a building to 70°, 545 by exhaust steam, 780 of electrical conductors, 1031 surface of steam-boiler, 678; meas- value of coals, 634, 635 Height, table of, corresponding to Heine boiler, test of, with different Helical springs, capacity of, 349, springs for locomotives, 353 steel springs, 347 Helix, 60 Hemp ropes, strength of, 301 горе, table of weight of, 340 strength and rope, table of strength of, 338 Henry, definition and value of, 1024 Hoisting, 906-916 by hydraulic pressure, 617 counterpoise system 910 endless rope system, 910 engines, compressed-air, 505b limit of depth for, 908 rope, 340 rope, iron, or steel, dimensions, Hoisting rope, tension required to Holding power of bolts in white power of expanded boiler-tubes, power of lag-screws, 290 power of nails in woods, 291 power of wood screws, 290 Hollow cylinders, resistance of, to shafts, torsional strength of, 282 Horse, work of, 434 Horse-power constants of steam- engines, 757 cost of, 590 definition of, 27, 429 electrical, table of, 1039 of flowing water, 589 of locomotive boilers, 679 of a steam-boiler, 677 of a steam-boiler, builders' rating, of steam-engines, 755-761 of windmills, 497 required to compress air, 500 Locomotives, narrow-gauge, 865 steam distribution of, 858 valve travel, 859 water consumption of, 862 hyperbolic, tables of, 156-158 tables of, 129-156 Logarithmic curve, 71 sines, etc., 162 Logs, area of water required to store, 232 weight of, 232 Long measure, 17 measure, French, 21 Loops of force, 1050 Loop, steam, 676 Loss of head, 573-579 of head, Cox's formula, 575 of head, in cast-iron pipe, tables, of head in riveted steel pipes, 574 Lubricants, examination of oil, 943 soda mixture, 945 solid, 945 Manometer, air, 481 Marble, strength of, 302 Marine Engineering, 1001-1019 (see engines, comparison of old and engines, three-stage, pansion, 1017-1019 triple-ex- Marriotte's law of gases, 479, 742 Mass, definition of, 427 Materials, 163-235 strength of, 236-346 strength of, Kirkaldy's tests, structural, stresses permissible in, various, weights of, 169; table, 166 Mean effective pressures of adia- Measurements, miner's inch, 585 of flowing water, 582-588 weir-dam, 586 Measures, apothecaries, 18, 19 |