the Naze, in latitude 58°. north, longitude 7°. E.; to the North Cape in the island of Maggeroe, latitude 71°. 30' north, longitude 26° east. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean; on the east by the Dofrefield mountains, which separate it from Sweden; on the south by the Scaggerac Sea which separates it from Jutland; and on the west by the North Sea, which divides it from Scotland and the Orkney and Shetland islands. Norway is divided into 4 general governments, the population is about 930,000. Provinces. Chief Towns. Seas, &c. Aggerhuus, S. E.......Christiana......Scaggerac. Drontheim › is succeeded by Nordland, a long narrow province, which is terminated northward by Finmark, or Norwegian Lapland, a dreary and inhospitable region. Bergen contains about 15,000 inhabitants, and Christiana and Drontheim about 9,000 each. Kongsberg, situated south-west of Christiana, on both sides of the river Lowe, is noted for its silver mines; and at Roraas, situated about 67 miles S. S. E. of Drontheim, on a mountain, are some copper mines. Fredericshall, where Charles XII. of Sweden was killed in the trenches by a musket ball, in December, 1718, is situated in Aggerhuus, on the Scaggerac, bordering on Sweden. The mountains of Norway are covered with forests of pine, ash, and fir. Timber has for many ages been the principal article of exportation. Christiana exports fish, tar, soap, vitriol, alum, iron, coarse cloth, cordage, timber, &c. Saw mills are erected for cutting the timber into planks and deals. The exports. of the other sea-ports are nearly the same; the imports are corn and other necessaries of life in which Norway is deficient. NORWEGIAN ISLANDS. The Norwegian coast presents one continued series of small and unimportant.islands, most of them uninhabited. The principal are Karmoe at the entrance of the bay of Stavanger; Bommelöe and Sortoröe on the coast of Bergen; Hitteren and others at the entrance of the gulf of Drontheim. The islands of Loffoden, on the coast of Nordland, contain about 4000 inhabitants; great quantities of fish are caught here. On the coast of the island of Moskoe is the whirlpool called Maelstrom or Moskoestrom, very dangerous to shipping, excepting during a short time at high and low water. At the treaty of peace in 1814 Norway, Norwegian Lapland, and the islands along the coast, were ceded to Sweden by the allied Sovereigns of England, Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Norwegians, indignant at this transfer, took up arms in favour of Christian Frederick, hereditary prince of Denmark, but were unable to resist the arms of Sweden and England. By the Diet assembled at Christiana, the 20th of October, 1814, it was resolved,―That Norway should be permanently governed by the same king as Sweden, but as an integral state, and with the preservation of its constitution and laws; it was declared a free, independent, and inalienable kingdom, the succession to be in the male line, and the reigning prince a Lutheran. These preliminaries were assented to by Sweden, and the Diet unanimously elected the king of that country (Bernadotte) to the throne of Norway on the 4th of Nov. 1814. SWEDEN. Sweden, including Swedish Lapland, is situated between 55°. 22' and 69° north latitude. It is about 950 miles in length, and its breadth between 200 and 300 miles; the northern boundary is Norwegian Lapland; the eastern, the river Tornea, the gulf of Bothnia, and the Baltic; the southern, the Baltic, the Sound, and the Cattegat, which divided it from Denmark; and the western, the Dofrefield mountains which divide it from Norway. Sweden originally consisted of three kingdoms, Norland, Sweden proper, and Gothland, each of which was' subdivided into provinces. The division into provinces is abolished, and Sweden is now divided into 22 districts, called Læns or governments.* Angermanland, Jemtland, and Hernosand...Hernosand...Island Herno. Medelpad Herjedalen, Helsingland, & Gefleborg.....Gefle............Gefle. Upland................ Upsal.......... Upsal........ Sala. Upland Suder manland......... Stockholm...... Nerike.............. Orebro .........Orebro.......Svartelf. 3. GOTHLAND. East Gothland...Linkoping......Linkoping...Steng. Jonkoping......Jonkoping...Lake Wetter Wexio..........Wexio.........Lake Helga. Smaland..........Wexio...... Part of Smaland and the Isle of Calmar......... Calmar.................Baltic. Dalsland, or Dalia, Elfsborg ....... Elfsborg......Moldal. The new division of Sweden has occasioned great confusion in our maps and geographical works. ↑ See page 130. Old Provinces. New Provinces. Chief Towns. Rivers, &c. Halland............Halmstadt......Halmstadt...... Nissa. Schonen or Christianstadt Christianstadt Helge-a. Skania............J Malmohus .Malmo....................... The Sound. Isle of Gothland Wisby..........Wisby... Baltic. ....... The city of Stockholm is a government independent of the 22 given above, it contains about 72, 650 inhabitants. The number of inhabitants in all the governments amount to 2, 425, 700, which is little more than 14 persons to a square mile. Sweden, though inclosed by mountains on the west and north, is in general a flat country; along the whole road from Gottenburg in the west, to Stockholm in the east, there is scarcely a single hill. In the south, a distinct range of hills crosses the country from sea to sea, and in particular provinces there are detached mountains of considerable height; Areskutan in Jemptland is 6180 feet above the level of the sea. The lakes of Sweden occupy about one-eighteenth of the whole surface; lake Wener, the largest, has a communication with Gottenburg by the canal of Trolhætta. The other large lakes are Wetter, and Hielmar which communicates with lake Moler. Sweden contains few navigable rivers, but many rapid streams issue from the Dofrefield mountains, and fall into the Baltic. Near the mouth of the river Dal, which falls into the gulf of Bothnia south east of Gefle, is a celebrated cataract. The principal articles of manufacture in Sweden are iron and copper. The chief exports are iron, copper, timber, from the great forest, and tar; the imports, corn, wine, cotton, tea, sugar, coffee, &c. Stockholm and Gottenburg are the principal commercial sea-ports; and Carlscrona on the Baltic is the station of the Swedish navy. The university at Upsal, founded in 1477, is in great repute; the university at Lund, in the province of Schonen near the Sound, is on a smaller scale and of a more recent foundation.. SWEDISH ISLANDS. The largest island is Gothland, in the Baltic, chief town Wisby, in the north-west; Oeland is separated from Calmar by the strait of Calmar; the island of Herno in the gulf of Bothnia, and Marstrand in the Cattegat, a rocky island north-west of the mouth of the river Gotha, are the principal. The islands of Aland, at the entrance of the gulf of Bothnia, were ceded to Russia along with the province of Finland, by the treaty of Fredericsham, in the year 1809. DENMARK. Denmark lies between 53°. 20′ and 57°. 44′ north latitude, and between 8°. 10' and 12°. 30' east longitude: It consists of the peninsula of Jutland, anciently called Chersonesus Cimbrica,* and several islands at the entrance of the Baltic. Denmark is bounded on the north by the Scaggerac Sea which divides it from Norway; on the east by the Cattegat, the Sound, and the Baltic, which separate it from Sweden; on the south-east by the Trave and Steckenitz rivers, which divide it from Germany; on the south by the Elbe; and on the west by the North Sea, which divides it from Scotland and the north of England. * The ancient inhabitants, called the Cimbri, were formerly the terror of Rome. |