ANALYSIS OF THE WORK. For p. read page; for a. article; and for n. read note. Importance of the science, p. 27; analysis of argument, p. 28; pro- PART I. ON TERMS, &c. PRELIMINARY CHAPTER; on the operations of the mind, &c. Apprehension, a. 2; judgment, a. 3; argumentation, a. 4; language, a. 5; definition of logic, a. 7; its province, a. 7, n. 1, and seq. CHAPTER I. On terms simply, A term, a. 8; singular, a. 9; universal, a. 10; relative, a. 11; absolute, a. 12; positive, a. 13; privative, a. 14; negative, a. 15; abstract, a. 16; concrete, a. 17; indefinite, a. 18; definite, a. 19. CHAPTER II. On the opposition of terms. Definition, a. 20; consistent terms, a. 21; opposite terms, a. 22; p. 25 49 54 59 CHAPTER III. On the generalization of terms, and on terms predicable. 61 Generalization, a. 28; comprehension of terms, a. 28, n. 6; extension of terms, a. 28, n. 7; terms predicable, a. 29 and 30; genus, a. 31; species, a. 32; essential difference, a. 33; property, a. 34; accident, a. 35; highest genus or subaltern, a. 36 to 38; additional notes on predicables, p. 65 and seq. CHAPTER IV. On the division and definition of terms, Division of a universal term, a. 40; rules of division, a. 41; defini- PART II. ON PROPOSITIONS. CHAPTER I. On the nature and parts of a proposition, CHAPTER II. On the principal kinds of propositions, Propositions, 1st, absolute, a. 60; 2d, hypothetical, a. 61; quality 68 76 88 80 P. ticular, a. 65; universal affirmative, a. 66; universal negative, a. CHAPTER III. On the secondary kinds of propositions, Propositions, pure or simple, a. 74; modal, a. 75; complex, a. 76; CHAPTER IV. On the distribution of the terms of a proposition, A term when said to be distributed, a. 84; inquiry of distribution CHAPTER V. SECTION I. On the opposition of propositions, Opposition of propositions defined, a. 90; kinds of opposition, a. SECTION II. On the conversion of propositions, Conversion of propositions defined, a. 97; original and converse pro- ON EVIDENCE. 88 96 106 114 123 CHAPTER VI. On the evidence necessary in the affirmation or negation of a proposition, Particulars implied by evidence, p. 123; WHAT TESTIFIES, a. 105; TESTIMONY, a. 106; necessity of the exercise of the faculties of perception, a. 105, n. 7 and seq.; EVIDENCE, a. 107; FACULTIES OF PERCEIVING EVIDENCE, a. 108; sensation, a. 108, n. 2 and seq.; Cartesian philosophy, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, a. 108, n. 4 and seq.; consequences of scepticism, p. 133 and seq.; consciousness, p. 134; conception, ibid. ; imagination, p. 135; attention, ibid.; association of ideas, p. 136; memory, ibid; comparing, ibid; abstraction, p. 137; analysis, p. 140; passions, p. 141; assent, a. 109; CONVICTION, a. 110; opinion, p. 147; certainty, ibid; scale of assent, p. 148; CONSEQUENCES OF CONVICTION, a. 111; scepticism of Pyrrho, p. 152; writings of Buffier, Reid, Butler, Beattie, Campbell, Paley, and Stewart, p. 152 and seq. CHAPTER VII. On intuitive evidence, Definition of intuitive evidence, a. 133; its kinds, a. 133, n. 1; in- CHAPTER VII. On deductive evidence, Deductive evidence defined, a. 118; founded on intuitive, p. 168; 155 168 a. 120; moral evidence, a. 121; its evidence not inferior to mathe- matical, a. 121 and seq.; protest against the term "probable evi- dence," p. 178 and seq.; probable testimony, a. 122; human testi- Definition of induction, a. 123; discursive induction, a. 124; illus- tration, a. 124, notes; argumentative induction, a. 125; illustra- tions, a. 125, notes; contrast between induction and syllogism, p. Definition, a. 126; illustrations, a. 126, notes; cases wherein analo- gy is proper, a. 126, n. 7 and seq.; Butler's Analogy, a. 126, n. 9; its use in inference from things known having a resemblance to CHAPTER I. On the nature, parts and rules of syllogism, A premiss, a. 127; argument, a. 128; the three terms, major, mi- nor and middle of a syllogism, a. 129 and 130; properties of the middle term, a. 131 and notes; of the minor, a. 132; the three pro- positions of one argument, a. 133; their office, a. 134; Aristotle's law, a. 135; its converse, a. 136; perfect syllogism, a. 137; gene- ral principles, a. 138 and 139; rules of syllogism, a. 140 and seq.; analysis of syllogism, p. 208. CHAPTER II. On the moods and figures of syllogism, Introductory remarks, p. 210 and seq.; illustration of the general law of syllogism by a diagram, p. 212; mood, a. 145; figure of a syllogism, a. 146; the first figure, a. 147; the second and third figures, a. 148; the fourth figure, a. 149; memorial line for figures, a. 151; the same for moods, a. 152; examples of the four figures, p. CHAPTER III. On the reduction of syllogism, Definition, a. 153; kinds of reduction, a. 154; explanation of the memorial lines for reduction, a. 154 and notes; rule for reduction. a. 155; examples of reduction, p. 224 and seq.; reduction ad im- CHAPTER IV. On hypothetical syllogisms, Definition, p. 230; conditional syllogism, a. 159; its parts, a. 160; rules, a. 161; constructive and destructive hypotheticals, a. 163; dis- junctive syllogisms, a. 165; dilemma. a. 167; reduction of hypo- CHAPTER V. On the enthymeme, sorites, epichirema, &c. The enthymeme, a. 169; sorites, a. 170; the epichirema, a. 171; reasoning a priori, a posteriori, &c. p. 241; direct and indirect, ibid; argumentum ad hominem-ad verecundiam-ad ignorantiam-ad Identity of all arguments when complete or reduced to regular form with the syllogism, p. 243 and seq.; contrast between the enthyme- me and syllogism, p. 246 and seq.; privilege of man not only as a P. rational, but as a reasoning being, p. 247 and seq.; identity of all reasoning, p. 250 and seq.; the general law, p. 253 and seq.; truth single and indivisible, and reasoning when correct the same, p. 253 and seq.; progressive advancement of rationality by reasoning, p. 256 and seq.; necessity of reduction into syllogistic form to detect fallacy, p. 257 and seq.; one act of law is one act of reasoning, or one syllogism, p. 251 and seq.; objections founded on misconception answered, p. 262 and seq. CHAPTER VII. On fallacies, Definition, a. 172; limits, a. 173; possibility of excluding fallacy, when the truth of the premises is known, a. 173, notes; special rules for the syllogisms of each figure, a. 174 and seq.; Dr. Whately's table of fallacies, p. 273; general analysis of fallacies, a. 180. GENUS I. Fallacy from ambiguity in one term, Species 1. The fallacy of similar expression, a. 182; species 2, fal- GENUS II. Fallacy from a term undistributed, 266 274 230 Species 1, fallacy from an undistributed middle term, a. 187 and seq.; GENUS III. Fallacy from improper premises, Variety 1, arguing by what is not granted, a. 189, notes; variety Species 3. Fallacy of mistaking the question, Variety 1, ignorance of the question, a. 194, n. 4; variety 2, wilful 282 282 283 285 APPENDIX. Section I. Synopsis of Logic, 293 Section II. Metaphysical, moral and mathematical reasoning, 295 Section VIII. Syllogistic exercises, 317 Logical analysis applied to the first part of Paley's Evidences, 317 |