is, "could be moved ... excitements," containing the simple grammatical predicate could be moved, modified by the exponential adjunct (by) excitements, which is itself modified by the adjective gentler.

"Awake, men of Athens, from your supineness; and do not imagine, for a moment, that this ambitious prince and warrior, who delights in the severest toil, if it may but advance his schemes of conquest, will ever rest, until he has attained the great object of his wishes, the subjugation of Attica, - that, having conquered the rest of Greece, he will then stop in his victorious career, and offer us terms of honorable friendship. Alas! through what strange infatuation do you expect to escape, though all others fall?"

The above paragraph contains two periods, of which the former has two coördinate members, Awake,. supineness," and "and . . . friendship," so that there are three independent sentences. Let these be denoted by the capitals A, B, and C. Let the clauses immediately dependent upon these be denoted by the numerals 1, 2, 3, &c.; and clauses dependent upon these clauses, by the small letters a, b, c, &c.

A. The first member of the first period, "Awake . . . supineness," is a simple, distinct, volitive, positive sentence, introducing the paragraph. The logical compellative is, “men of Athens," containing the simple grammatical compellative men, modified by the exponential adjunct (of) Athens. The compellative, though not repeated, remains the same through the whole paragraph. The logical and grammatical subject is the personal pronoun ye, which is understood. The logical predicate is, awake from your supineness," containing the simple grammati cal predicate awake, modified by the exponential adjunct (from) supineness, which is itself modified by the nude adjunct your.

B. The second member of the first period, "and friendship," is a compound, distinct, volative, negative sentence, connected by the conjunction and to the first member, as a coördinate sentence. The subject is the personal pronoun ye, understood. The logical predicate is, "do friendship," containing the grammatical predicate do imagine, modified by the negative adverb not, by the exponential adjunct (for) moment, which expresses a circumstance of time, and is itself modified by the indefinite article a, and by the dependent clauses, "that Attica," and "that having friendship."

1. The clause, "that. Attica," is a compound, distinct, intellective, declarative, actual, positive sentence, connected by the conjunction that to B, as a subordinate clause, performing the office of a substantive, and constituting a direct object of do imagine. The logical subject is, "this ... conquest," containing the compound grammatical subject prince and warrior (of which the parts are united by the conjunction and), modified by the adjective pronoun this, by the adjective

of quality ambitious, and by the dependent cause," who.. conquest." The logical predicate is, " will Attica, containing the grammatical predicate will rest, modified by the adverb of time ever, and by the dependent clause, "until... Attica."

a. The clause, "who conquest," is a compound, distinct, intellective, declarative, actual, positive sentence, connected by the relative pronoun who to 1, as a subordinate clause, performing the office of an adjective, modifying prince and warrior. The subject is who. The logical predicate is, "delights. conquest," containing the grammatical predicate delights, modified by the exponential adjunct (in) toil, which is itself modified by the definite article the, and the adjective of quality severest, and by the dependent clause, "if . conquest."

a. The clause, "if . conquest," is a simple, distinct, intellective, declarative, contingent, positive sentence, connected by the conjunction if to a, as a subordinate clause, performing the office of an adverb. It expresses a condition of the verb delights. The subject is the personal pronoun it. The logical predicate is, "may. conquest," containing the grammatical predicate may advance, modified by the adverb but, and by the direct object schemes, which is itself modified by the nude adjunct his, and the exponential adjunct (of) conquest.

b. The clause, "until . . Attica," is a simple, distinct, intellective, declarative, actual, positive sentence, connected by the conjunction until to 1, as a subordinate clause, performing the office of an adverb of time, modifying will rest. The subject is the personal pronoun he. The logical predicate is, "has Attica," containing the grammatical predicate has attained, modified by the nude adjunct object, which is the direct object of the verb. This adjunct is itself modified by the definite article the; by the adjective of quality great; by the exponential adjunct (of) wishes, which is itself modified by the possessive his; and by the appositive subjugation, which is itself modified by the defi nite article the, and the exponential adjunct (of) Attica.

2. The clause, "that having friendship," is a simple, distinct, intellective, declarative, actual, positive sentence, connected by the conjunction that to B, as a subordinate substantive clause, constituting a direct object of do imagine. The logical subject is, "having . . . he," containing the grammatical subject he, modified by the participle having conquered, which is itself modified by the direct object rest, and this, again, by the exponential adjunct (of) Greece. The logical predicate is, "will... friendship," containing the compound grammatical predicate will stop and offer, modified by the adverb of time then. The parts of this compound predi cate, which are united by the conjunction and, are, also, separately modified. Stop is modified by the exponential

adjunct (in) career, which is itself modified by the possessive his, and the adjective of quality victorious. Offer is modified by the indirect object us, and by the direct object terms, which is itself modified by the exponential adjunct (of) friendship, and this, again, by the adjective of quality honorable. "Having... Greece," is a simple clause, which might be thus expressed as a distinct sentence: "when he had conquered the rest of Greece," but which is here incorporated in 2 as an adjective belonging to the subject he, though expressing its force chiefly upon the predicate.

C. The second period, "Alas . . . fall," is a compound, distinct, intellective, interrogative, actual, positive sentence, following B by simple succession. Alas is an interjection, and hence an independent part of the sentence. The subject is the personal pronoun you. The logical predicate is the remaining part of the sentence, containing the grammatical predicate do expect, modified by the exponential adjunct (through) infatuation, which is itself modified by the interrogative adjective pronoun what, and the adjective of quality strange, and by the infinitive to escape, which is itself modified by the dependent clause " though fall." To escape (which might be thus expressed, as a distinct sentence, "that you shall escape") is here incorporated as a substantive, forming the direct object of do expect.

3. The clause, "though . . . fall," is a simple, distinct, intellective, declarative, contingent, positive sentence, connected by the conjunction though to C, as a subordinate adverbial clause, modifying to escape, and expressing concession. The logical subject is, all others, containing the grammatical subject others, modified by the adjective pronoun all The predicate is the intransitive verb fall.

EXAMPLES IN COMMON PARSING.

"Conversation enriches the understanding."

Conversation is a noun, because it is the sign of a thing; common, because it is a general name; Nom. conversation, Poss. conversation's, Obj. conversation; neuter gender, because it denotes an object that is neither male nor female; third person, because it is spoken of; singular number, because it denotes but one object; nominative case, because it is the subject of the finite verb enriches. [RULE. -The subject of a finite verb is put in the nominative case.]

Enriches is a verb, it is the sign of action; it is regular, because it forms its imperfect tense by the addition of ed to the present enrich-ed; it is transitive, because it takes an object - understanding; Present enrich, Past enriched, Past Participle

enriched; active voice, because it expresses an action performed by the subject; indicative mood, because it declares; present tense, because it denotes present time; third person and singular number, to agree with its subject, conversation. [RULE. - The verb must agree with its subject in number and person.]

The is a limiting adjective, belonging to the class Articles. It admits of no comparison, and limits the noun understanding. [RULE. The adjective belongs to the noun or pronoun which it limits.]

Understanding is a noun, because it is the sign of a thing; common, because it is a general name; Nom. understanding, Poss. understanding's, Obj. understanding; - neuter gender, because it denotes an object neither male nor female; third person, because it is spoken of; singular number, because it denotes but one object; objective case, because it is the object of the active verb enriches. [RULE. - The object of action or relation, must be in the objective case.]

"A beautiful cottage stands beside the river."

A is a limiting adjective, and limits the noun cottage. [RULE.] Beautiful is an adjective of quality, because it expresses a property of the noun cottage, Pos. beautiful, Comp. more beautiful, Sup. most beautiful, positive degree, because it simply denotes a quality, without any particular comparison, and modifies the noun cottage. [RULE.]

Cottage is a common noun, Nom. cottage, Poss. cottage's, Obj. cottage, neuter gender, third person, singular number, nominative case, and is the subject of the verb stands. [RULE.]

Stands is a verb, because it is the sign of action or being; it is irregular, because it does not form its imperfect tense by the addition of ed to the present; intransitive or neuter, because it does not admit of an object; Pres. stand, Past stood, Past Parti ciple stood; - indicative mood, present tense, thinerson, singular number, and agrees with its subject, cottage. [RULE.]

Besides is a preposition, because it is the sign of the relation of things; it connects the adjunct river to the verb stands, and marks the relation of place where. [RULE.]

The is an adjective, and limits the noun river. [RULE.] River is a common noun, Nom. river, Poss. river's, Obj river, - neuter gender, third person, singular number, objective case, because it is the object of relation, and governed by the preposition beside. [RULE. The object of action or relation must be in the objective case.]

"Crafty men contemn studies, but simple men admire them."

Crafty is an adjective of quality, - Pos. crafty, Comp. more crafty, Sup. most crafty, -positive degree, and modifies the noun men. [RULE.]

Men is a common noun, - Nom men, Poss. men's, Obj. men,

-masculine gender, because it denotes males; third person; plural number, because it expresses more than one; nominative case, and is the subject of the verb contemn. [RULE.]

Contemn is a regular transitive verb,- Pres. contemn, Past contemned, Past Participle contemned; - active voice, indicative mood, present tense, third person, plural number, and agrees with its subject, men. [RULE.]

Studies is a common noun, Nom. studies, Poss. studies', Obj. studies, neuter gender, third person, plural number, objective case, and is the object of the transitive verb contemn. [RULE.] But is a conjunction, because it is the sign of the relation of sentences; it connects the two members of the sentence "crafty them," and marks the relation of transition.

men

[RULE.]

Simple is an adjective of quality, - Pos. simple, Comp. more simple, Sup. most simple, - positive degree, and modifies the noun men. [RULE.]

Men is a common noun, - Nom. men, Poss. men's, Obj. men, masculine gender, third person, plural number, and is the subject of the verb admire. [RULE.]

Admire is a regular transitive verb, - Pres. admire, Past admired, Past Participle admired, active voice, indicative mood, present tense, third person, plural number, and agrees with its subject, men. [RULE.]

Them is a pronoun, because it stands in place of the noun studies; personal, because it expresses person and number of itself; Nom. they, Poss. theirs, Obj. them; neuter gender, third person, plural number, because the noun for which it stands is neuter gender, third person, and plural number; objective case, and is the object of the transitive verb admire. IRULE.]

'In the realm of man's dominion,
Terror is the ruling word."

Man's is a common noun, - Nom. man, Poss. man's, Obj. man, - masculine gender, because it denotes males; third person, singular number, possessive case, and a modifier of dominion, which it limits. RULE. A noun or pronoun used to limit another noun by denoting possession must be in the possessive case.]

"Night is the time to muse."

To muse is a regular intransitive verb, - Pres. muse, Past mused, Past Participle mused, infinitive mood, present tense, and depends upon the noun time. [RULE.-The infinitive de pends upon the word which it limits.]

"It is the voice of Alpin, the son of song."

Son is a common noun, - Nom. son, Poss. son's, Obj. son, —