son's.]-A substitute for digitalis, having equal been observed. TINCT CONVALLARIÆ MAJALIS. LILY OF THE VALLEY. [Richard: powers to the drug, while cumulative action has not Professor GERMAIN SEE, Member of the Academy of Medicine, Member of the faculty of Medicine, been speaking of digitalis and the indications for and against, according to my usual custom the last few and so far have overlooked the fact that we have in convallaria majalis (called muguet in French, lily of the valley in English) a remedy far superior, and in every case perfectly harmless. In palpitations of the physico-dynamic order, the tincture of convallaria succeeds marvellously." Physician to the Hotel Dieu, Paris, says :-"I have years, of treating this mendicament in my lectures, Proportion, I in 8. Dose drachm to 1 drachm. Tinct. Convallaria Majalis is put up in 40z., 8oz., and 160z. bottles, price 1/4, 2/6, and 4/- each. TINCT. PULSATILLÆ. [Richardson's.]—In acute inflammation of the mucous membrane, in which the discharge of a muco-purulent character, as in opthalmia, whether Infantile or gonorrhoeal, in subacute gastritis, attend ed with constipation and mucous diarrhoea, in amenorrhoea and leucorrhoeal discharges, and in catarrhal affections of any of the mucous membranes, in which there is depression of the nervous system, Pulsatilla is a valuable remedy. Proportion, 1 in 8. Dose, 10 to 30 minims. Tinct. Pulsatillæ is put up in 40z., 8oz., and 16oz. bottles, price 1/4, 2/6, and 4/- each. THE COMBINED FLUID EXTRACTS [Richardson's]. Smilax Sarsaparilla, Stillingia, Sylvatica, Lappa Minor, Phytolacca, The great value of the above combination, origin: cated by him to the British Medical Journal, March Decandra, Xanthoxylum, and Carolinianum. ally introduced by Dr. MARION SIMS, and communi roth, 1883, as a remedy for the treatment of Syphilis, etc., has been fully borne out by extended trials which have been made by several professional friends. It is put up in 40z., 80z., and 160z. bottles, price 4/-, 7/-, and 12/6 each. J. RICHARDSON & Co., 10, Friar-lane, Leicester. theoretically. The historical dress collection in the West Quadrant is worthy a prolonged visit, containing as it does a representation on wax figures of costumes from the time of William_the_Norman down to some half-century ago, designed by the Hon. Lewis Wingfield from contemporary authorities, such as missals, tombs, portraits in oil, stained glass windows, engravings, and even caricatures. There is also a series of historical military uniforms. In the East Quadrant the Rational Dress Society demand that health should be the first consideration in determining the character of dress. The divided skirt and the Rocky Mountain travelling costume for ladies are on view. Examples are also to be met with of special dress, such as for sporting, touring, cycling, diving, or lifesaving. The Duke of Buckingham, president of the Executive Council of the exhibition, contributes specimens of fine lace, made, by his order, in the county from which his title is derived. As might be expected, the dwelling-house fills a large space in the exhibition. What rapid strides have been made by sanitary science in improvements in building, construction, fitting and furnishing, water supply, drainage, heating, lighting, and ventilation, will be shown in a contrast between two houses, one representing the ordinary arrangements (albeit, without exaggeration), and the other containing all the improvements which health would require. The Belgian display of educational appliances is extremely interesting, and indicates, in no uncertain manner, that the warnings of those who have urged England to bestir herself in the international education competition have not been destitute of significance. Children in Belgium would seem to be taught from the object more than from the book. Among the models is one representing the human face and body, the former with the nerves, tendons, and bones laid bare, and the latter exposing the thoracic and abdominal contents. The material is coloured pottery-ware, and the various organs-heart, lungs, sections of arteries and veins, diaphragm, liver, stomach, spleen and viscera-can be removed by the pupil, whose anatomical knowledge is shown by accurately replacing them. It may be mentioned that there is in the ambulance departgood representation of objects connected with_naval and military hygiene, and of furniture for the sick-room. The Metropolitan Asylums Board contributes models of their institutions, and of the proposed landing-stage for infectious patients at Long Reach. The East Central Gallery will be attractive to working men, set apart as it is for the workshop, and for apparatus for minimising the danger to health from injurious trades, such as grinding, white lead making, to which must now be added the manipulation of Bermondsey hides. machinery department of the exhibition is contained in three parallel buildings on the western side of the square. In one, machines are at work in connexion with the manufacture of clothing, such as sewing and knitting machines, hat and boot making plant, and embroidering machines. Another arcade is devoted to laundry appliances, machinery for the manufacture of various articles of food and drink, such as chocolate, sweetmeats, jam, mustard, and mineral waters. Lifts, coffee-roasters, machinery for soap-making, for ventilation, and the distillation of sea-water are also at work. Great interest will, no doubt, attach to the operations of the powerful machinery exhibited by Messrs. Colman, of Carron Works, Norwich, which effect the various stages of mustard-making from the seed to the fine yellow flour ready for culinary or medicinal use. ment a The A point of great attraction is the representation of an Old London street previous to the Great Fire of London. The motive for this display, apart from the picturesque effect it undoubtedly possesses, is to show how the inhabitants of London were housed, and the sanitary conditions under which they lived. The street is composed of various houses grouped together to form a quaint and picturesque thoroughfare of the normal width of an Old London street, the dates of the various buildings being as diversified as are their size and appearance, and the object that has been held in view is to show the City as it existed before the swift furnace of flame of 1666 swept it away. The following description is given by Mr. G. H. Birch : "Entering from the Central Avenue immediately in front of the pavilion of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales stands one of the City gatesBishop's-gate, reduced in proportion and flanked by the City wall; this gate, not one of the original gates, of which there were but four, was broken through the ancient walls, the peculiar Roman manner of building, with courses of tiles being shown on the lower part; these walls might have been built during the 400 years of Roman occupation, but more probably after their withdrawal and before the tradition of the Roman manner of building had died out; above the arch on each side are the arms of the City of London and the arms of the bishopric, and immediately over the gate in a niche stands the statue of one of the bishops, William the Norman, to whom the City was particularly indebted, for by his good offices all those rights and privileges and immunities which the City had inherited from Roman times, and which had been confirmed and strengthened under the Saxon kings, were reconfirmed by the Conqueror. William the King greets William the Bishop and Godfrey the Portreve,' a document of singular brevity, but of singular moment and importance in the history of the City. Once a year the City fathers went in solemn procession to his tomb in St. Paul's Cathedral, and testified by this act their grateful recognition. Above, on the towers which flank the gateway, are the statues of Alfred, who wrested the City from the Danes, and of his son-in-law Aldred, Earl of Mercia, to whom he committed the government thereof. "Passing through the gate, the corresponding statue to William the Norman represents St. Erkenwald, the fourth Bishop of London, A.D. 675, after the re-constitution of the See and re-establishment of Christianity by St. Augustine. This Erkenwald was a great favourite with the Londoners, and after his canonization his shrine at St. Paul's, one of the richest in the kingdom, was for many centuries an object of great veneration. The ground floor on each side shows on the right a debtors' prison, and on the left an ordinary lock-up, and beyond are the staircases to the first-floor. After passing through the gateway the first house on the left is the 'Rose Inn' (No. 1), Fenchurch-street, curious as having its front covered with small cut slates, instead of the ordinary lath-and-plaster and timber construction. usual in London. The next house (No. 2), still keeping to the left, stood in Leadenhall-street, and was known as the 'Cock Tavern;' the representations of this house, of which there are many, represent it after the gable had been removed, and a flat coping substituted, but in this instance its pristine condition has been reverted to. Following in order is a block of three houses (Nos. 3, 4 and 5,) formerly existing in Fleet-street, towards Temple Bar, on the south side, and known by the name of the Three Squirrels,' now Messrs. Gosling's Bank. This system of the houses being known by certain signs irrespective of the avocations or change of owners was universal. The Marygold' at Temple Bar, Messrs. Child's Bank, the Grasshopper' in Lombard-street, Martin and Co., and the "Golden Bottle," Fleet-street, Messrs. Hoare's, are all instances of a survival of a custom the origin of which had been so entirely at variance with the avocations of the subsequent owners. No. 6 is a copy of the one which stood at the corner of Fleet-street and Chancery-lane, and was traditionally known as the Izaak Walton's House,' Vir et Piscator optimus,' but there is a doubt that tradition in this case was tradition only, as the actual house was two doors further to the west; but apart from this, the house itself was a magnificent specimen of an ordinary citizen's house in Elizabeth's reign, and was for many years a conspicuous ornament to Fleet-street, and in close contiguity to those well-known haunts of the wits of this period, the Apollo' and the Devil' Taverns. Setting back a little from the main line of the street in order to give prominence to Walton's house, and to give it the appearance of a corner house, are two unpretending wooden structures (Nos. 7 and 8) which formerly stood hard by the ancient church FIVE GOLD MEDALS PURE Thymol Soap FRAGRANT, ANTISEPTIC, EMOLLIENT. The discovery of this new, interesting, and powerful Crystal has added another, and beyond doubt the most complete, disinfectant to those we already possess; so powerful is it as an antiseptic, that one-tenth of one per cent. of Thymol has been found to arrest saccharine and lactic fermentation, which places this substance even higher in rank than Carbolic or Salicylic Acids. It is non-poisonous, and instead of the disagreeable, and to many, nauseating odour of Tar, Carbolic Acid, and other disinfectants, it has the delightful and refreshing fragrance of Wild Thyme. The obvious convenience of such a pre paration in the manufacture of a Toilet Soap, at once elegant and yet possessing in the highest degree the advantages of a powerful antiseptic, must be at once apparent, and we have much pleasure in introducing our elegant and superior Soap to the notice and commendation of the medical profession. As a Skin Soap it is marvellously bene ficial, and well adapted for the bath or toilet, and general family use. Sold in Tablets, 6d. each; or in Boxes containing three large Tablets, 1s. 6d. per Box. of St. Ethelburga, Bishopsgate-street, and were the ordinary type of Beware of Spurious Imitations. hundreds of others in the old city-a shop below, and a solar or chamber above. Standing prominently in advance of these is the old tower of a church, which, although not strictly modelled from that of All Hallows', Staining, differing only in having a larger traceried window, resembles in SOLE MANUFACTURERS : its general form and outline many others in which our forefathers were JOHN RICHARDSON AND CO., wont to worship. Most of these churches were small, for the parishes attached to them were also equally diminutive, and this tower type, with bold octagonal staircase turret on one side, was almost universal; there were exceptions in which the towers had lofty pinnacles at each corner, Manufacturing Chemists, LEICESTER. HEALTH EXHIBITION. by Wren, of St. Michael's, Cornhill, and St. Mary, Aldermanbury; and OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. like the present St. Sepulchre's, Holborn, or the more modern re-buildings, the curious arched superstructure with its five lanterns of St. Mary-le-Bow, or de Arcubus, and the very fine spire of St. Lawrence Pountney; but the generality of the churches possessed towers similar in character to the one depicted here. Next to the church, and fronting down the street, is a portion of the Middle-row, Nos. 9 and 10, which stood in the Strand, just The following Handbooks upon outside Temple Bar, and was known as Butchers'-row; these houses well subjects cognate to the International Health Exhibition are already pub-represent the overhanging of the stories so prevalent in London where the Health Exhibition are already pub-ground-floor space was very limited, additional room above being obtained lished, or in active preparation:---by these means at the expense of light and air. Butchers'-row itself and Healthy Villages. By H.W. DYKE- its quaint structures were swept away when Alderman Pickett, with a ACLAND, C.B., M.D., F.R.S. Il public spirit far in advance of his times, made one of the first public improvements by widening this portion of the Strand, leaving the church of St. Clement Danes isolated in the midst of a large oval. houses are historically interesting, as in one of them the Gunpowder Plot conspirators met. lustrated. Healthy Bedrooms and Nurseries, including the Lying-in-room. By Mrs. GLADSstone. Healthy and Unhealthy Houses in Town and Country. By W. EASSIE, C.E., with an Appendix by ROGERS FIELD, C.E. Illustrated. Healthy Furniture & Decoration. By ROBERT W. EDIS, F.S.A. II lustrated. Salt and other Condiments. By Legal Obligations in respect to "Our Duty" in regard to Health. LIMITED, These "We next come to Elbow-lane. The site at this point considerably narrows, from 70 to 30 feet, and the houses are not placed parallel, in order to break a perspective which would have been too long for a picturesque effect, and also in order to obtain that sinuosity so characteristic of London streets. Still keeping to the left we come to a fine large house of two gables (Nos. 11 and 12), which stood in this Middle-row, Strand, and was known as the French Ambassador's House, or the Duc de Sully's, also Monsieur Beaumont's, both ambassadors here from the Most Christian King to the Court of St. James. This Duc de Sully was the famous Henri de Béthune, the wise and popular minister to Henri IV., King of France and Navarre. That this house was probably occupied by him there can be little doubt, not only from the commonly accepted tradition, but from the fact of its being decorated with badges of the De Béthunes, the French crown and fleur-de-lis, and two hands grasping one another in and has been modelled from an old engraving representing a portion of a true entente cordiale.' No. 13 is a low structure of wood and plaster, Bishopsgate-street. Beyond this is an old house (No. 14) which was in Goswell-street, of the date of Elizabeth's reign. The windows are mullioned and transomed, and show one peculiarity very general in old London, in carrying on the upper lights continuously. Succeeding to this is a house (No. 15) which was on the south side of London-wall; the upper portion of the gable is weather-boarded, and the front of the original was covered with elaborate and boldly moulded plaster decoration. It is much to be regretted that funds would not permit of having this decoration executed as in the original. London was particularly rich in this peculiar style of plaster decoration until the use of brickwork gradually superseded it. We next arrive at a half-timbered house (No. 16) in Sweedon's-passage, Grub-street, or, as it has been unfortunately and unnecessarily re-named, Milton-street. Only one portion of the house is given here; it possessed a curious external staircase of wood and plaster construction; the house itself was not removed until 1805. The two next houses (Nos. 17 and 18) are very fine specimens of timber construction, with carved barge-boards. They were situated on the west side of King-street, Westminster. In the first of these Oliver Cromwell lodged when in London for his parliamentary duties. The last house (No. 19) on the left hand, decorated with medallions of the Roman Emperors in plaster, stood in Little Tower-hill. There is nothing remarkable in the building beyond that the roof-line is level and was chosen as a contrast to the all-prevailing gable. At this point we come to the termination westward of the street, and the entrance is masked by one lane, was chosen as a typical example; but there are still remaining in of the galleried fronts of an old London inn. The Oxford Arms,' WarwickBishopsgate-street, Holborn, and more especially the Borough, several examples of these. 66 Retracing our steps, the terrace wall of the Horticultural Gardens is masked by a reproduction of Old London-wall, with its mediaval battlements, until we arrive at the next house (No. 20), on our left, which is set diagonally; this was on the west side of Little Moorfields, Finsbury, and was a very fine specimen of plaster work, and was not removed until the commencement of the present century. A low building connects this 6 with two houses possessing considerable interest; they stood at the south corner of Hosier-lane, Smithfield, over against the famous Pye-corner,' where that fearful conflagration of 1666 was arrested, after having laid considerably more than three-fourths of the City in ashes; they were not removed until 1800. Another gateway here arrests our steps: this was the entrance to the famous Priory of the Holy Trinity, Aldgate, founded by Queen Matilda, and whose prior, by virtue of his office as representing the Knighten Guild, who had made over to this priory their lands and soke, was admitted as one of the Aldermen of London, of the Ward of Portsoken, who, according to custom, sat in court, and rode in scarlet, or such livery as the other aldermen used. The Priory, at the dissolution, was granted to Sir Thomas Audley, whose daughter, marrying the Duke of Norfolk, gave the name to the house built by Audley out of the ruins of the PrioryDuke's Place. Beyond the gate is the inn called the Fountain' in the Minories, which, notwithstanding its heavy projecting stories, was so strongly framed, that when it was attempted to remove it, cart-horses had to be employed to pull the beams apart: on one of them was found the date 1480. 66 Beyond this is the gable end of the Hall of the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, in Aldersgate-street, near to Little Britain. This Hall has been selected as a typical example of the Hall of a Guild or Livery, of which there were many within the boundaries of the ancient city. It was a guild possessing its own property, and connected with the neighbouring church of St. Botolph, Aldersgate-street, and after the suppression was purchased by some of the parishioners as a place of meeting. It was not removed until the end of the last century, and very accurate drawings by Capon and Carter exist in the Gardner collection. Mr. Alderman Staples, F.S.A., has given the history of this Guild in his Notes on St. Botolph's, Aldersgate.' The ancient stained glass with a figure of St. Blaise, and several ancient shields which existed in 1611, and were noticed by N. Charles, Lancaster Herald,' have been faithfully reproduced by Mr. Campbell. Allotments have been made to the following Guilds for special exhibits-Salters, Drapers, Fan Makers, Patten Makers, Cutlers, Saddlers, Leather Sellers, Gold and Silver Wire Drawers, Broderers, Pewterers, Frame Workers, Knitters, and Bowyers. For Home and the Colonies. The "Flying Column" Cooking Stove, With Service for three persons, 45s. Dumb Bells, 2d. per lb. 9d. per pair. For Sale or Hire. Marquees, Tents, Flags and Banners, PIGGOTT BROS., Price Lists Post Free. "We now come to one of the most remarkable houses in this street, remarkable not only for its extreme richness of decoration, but as being connected with Sir Richard Whittington, famous in song and in story. It was situated four doors from Mark-lane in Crutched Friars, or Hart-street, up a courtyard, and was described in old leases as Whittington's Palace. Although the house from its style and ornamentation could not possibly have been of his time it is possible that the front only had been ornamented and altered, for in general outline and arrangement it resembled houses of that date: it was richly ornamented with carvings of the armorial bearings of the City companies, which stamped it as being the house of a remarkable personage, and one whom the City had evidently delighted to honour. 59, Bishopsgate Street Without, London. It was impossible to reproduce the extreme richness of its decoration-the cost would have been too great-the ornamentation has therefore only been painted, the original having been entirely carved and painted and gilt. Although very accurate prints of this courtyard exist, and several views of the elevation more or less mutilated in the European Magazine, an original drawing showing its gables is in the Gardner collection, and from which this representation has been taken. The next two houses were situated in Bankside, and are picturesque examples of plaster decoration and open balconies. The last two houses in this street on the left before arriving at the gate at which we entered were also from the Gwilt collection (now in the Gardner), and stood in High-street, Borough; they were only removed of late years, and were drawn and measured by Mr. Gwilt." The foregoing is but a brief description of the examples which have been selected to illustrate "Old London." As to actual size they have only BROWN AND POLSON'S been slightly reduced, but has been done in proportion, although such CORN FLOUR. reduction is not to a uniform scale, but has been adopted in the different cases to suit the uniformity of the plan and arrangement of the whole, and, after all, is but a poor attempt at endeavouring to place before nineteenth century London the departed glories, the picturesque streets, the quaint For Uses and Particulars see p. 13. Crowded cities please us then, And the busy hum of men. That the water companies of the metropolis, whom inhabitants of the metropolis have not of late regarded with very favourable eyes, should come forward to supply the novel and attractive feature of the out-ofdoor programme of the exhibition, must have furnished a surprise to many. There can be little doubt that the water garden, constructed under the superintendence of Sir Francis Bolton, with the aid of several eminent engineers, on behalf of the London Water Companies, will be the chief object of interest at the evening fêtes in the grounds. Extensive works have been carried out in the great fountain basin below the statue of the Prince Consort. In the centre is a subaqueous cabin, and within this, among the great service-pipes, are placed powerful electric lamps, of which the rays are shot up from parabolic reflectors skyward with the high columns of water they illuminate; and from the capitals of lofty Corinthian pillars, placed one on each side of the memorial statue, descend brilliant streams of water, each bringing down within it in its curved course rays of light cunningly projected, by means of a lens at the back of the cistern, through the orifice by which the water jets out. From gigantic water-lilies and other aquatic plants some two hundred jets play into the air, and as many more form a border of chromatic spray when the coloured lamps in the central cabin are directed upon them. Another portion of the display is situated in a building constructed in the form of a regular octagon, with an annexe adjacent to the Prince of Wales's pavilion. The difficulty experienced has been to make the specimens and objects exhibited sufficiently attractive—in other words, to "invest them with artistic merit," and it was ultimately resolved to decorate the structure so as to assimilate it as much as possible with the characteristics of the Rivers Thames and Lea and the general sources of the metropolitan supply. The octagonal shape was adopted for the building in order that each of the eight companies might have one side of the polygon for its exhibit. Entered on the east side through a Gothic arch composed of main-pipes, joints, and bends, the pavilion is supposed to be constructed from eight willow trees, the branches of each being brought to an apex forming a kind of dome. At the angles are filter beds, supported on a base of Norwegian marble, these beds illustrating the system of filtration adopted by each company. In PERFECT DAYLIGHT.-Chappuis' Reflectors supersede gas in daytime and improve natural daylight. They can be adapted to any window, fanlight, skylight, area light, etc., wherever natural light is impeded owing to the bad construction of premises or the proximity of walls or buildings. They will be found to promote health, comfort and economy. They can also be used as screens or blinds, and at the same time they act as light diffusers. More than 30,000 are in use in London alone. For prospectuses address two stamps to (P. E.) Chappuis, Patentee and Manufacturer, 69, Fleetstreet. [ADVT.] front of them are tubes conveying the water of each particular company to eight drinking-fountains, and where the water cannot be brought in through mains it will be supplied daily by means of large steel casks. In addition to the current reports of analyses made during the season upon the condition of the water supplied, statistics are furnished showing for every company the average daily supply, the engine-power employed for distribution, reservoir capacity, area of filters, population and number of houses supplied, number of houses having a constant supply, the number of miles of mains kept constantly charged, the number of hydrants and fire-plugs served, the capital employed, income, and expenditure, the dividends paid, and much more information which householders may be curious to learn. Leaving the useful and turning to the ornamental, the walls of the pavilion are surmounted by a frieze, painted on a silver ground, representing river birds and plants; landscapes reach the top of the filters; the roof of the building resembles the sky, and the whole of the interior is illuminated by the electric light. In the annexe outside the pavilion are specimens of mains from 13-in. to 4-ft. in diameter, with the number of miles of each size used in the metropolis painted thereon. In the Prince of Wales's pavilion no material altera. tion has been made in its general form, except that a new porch has been added, which increases the picturesqueness of the building. The whole of the apartments, however, have been entirely redecorated and refurnished. The large hall is treated with rich colours in the Arabesqne style, and although the greater portion of the materials used were made in England, the room has a thoroughly Oriental appearance. There are niches over the fireplace for china, while the recesses on each side of the entrance contain seats. On one side of this apartment is fitted up a small study with rich hangings, and furniture of ebony inlaid with ivory. The cabinets are filled with valuable china. The coverings of the furniture generally are of embossed crimson velvet. Passing through the Arab room we enter the dining-room, which has been treated in cool colouring, so as to afford an agreeable contrast to the first apartment described. The style of decoration adopted here is early Louis XIV., in tones of cream and gold. The scheme followed in the decoration of the pilasters, which are painted in Arabesque scrolls and figures, is adopted from those in the Galerie d'Apollon in the Louvre. The chairs are covered with tapestry from the works at Windsor. These tapestries are the work of the English apprentices, exhibiting the proficiency to which they have attained in the art of weaving. The hangings are of pale grey-blue velvet, and give relief to the delicate treatment of the pilasters and general ornamentation. The carpets are English productions, in the style and colouring of the best Persian rugs. In this room are placed magnificent China vases, and the usual accessories of a handsomely furnished apartment — the spacious bay window to the right furnished with chairs and little tables. The end room, which was the Princess's Boudoir in the last exhibition, has been converted into a classic rotunda. Columns support a domed roof, and the niches round, where one would expect to find statues, form seats. In the centre of the room is an ottoman, above which stands a marble |