The Oldest Tree in the World."Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, is said to have attained his Buddhahood during a prolonged meditation under a Bo-Tree at Gaya-afterwards called Buddha Gaya. From this incident the Bo-Tree-sometimes called the Temple Tree-became a sacred object, the Bo-Tree of Buddha Gaya and trees grown from its branches being especially so. Mahinda, son of the King of Maghada, was the first missionary to Ceylon. After he had labored in that island for some years he sent for his sister, Sanghamitta, to come to his assistance. She responded and carried with her a branch of the sacred tree at Buddha Gaya. This was planted in a spot a few rods to the south of the Rhuwanwala Degaha in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, 250 B.C. That tree is still living. A wall has been built about it and the interior filled with earth. Pillars have been constructed to sustain some of its branches and every precaution taken to prevent its destruction or decay. The Buddhist monks guard it night and day, and water the ground about its base regularly. It is venerated almost to worship. It is known as the sacred tree of Sanghamitta" (J. A. W. in Canadian Queen).

Lake Glazier (Vol. vi, p. 228).-It being at present pretty well settled that the late curious attempt to give Capt. Glazier's name to a lake in Minnesota has proved a complete failure, it may be some comfort to that gentleman and his friends to know that there is a Lake Glazier on the boundary between Maine and Canada. It is traversed by the river St. Francis, a branch of the St. John. Some few maps call it Lake Glacier. Its Indian name is Petteiquagamas, but Lake Glazier is, I think, the name commonly given to it. I do not know the origin of this name, nor in whose honor it was conferred. ISLANDER.

MAINE.

Perfumes and Animals (see "Tobacco," Vol. vii, p. 45).—Not tobacco fumes alone seem to delight our four-footed brethren. Experiments have lately been made, with bottles of scent and bunches of cotton wool, upon the animals of the London "Zoo"

with results, as described in the Spectator, substantially as follows, according to the Boston Commonwealth:

"Lavender water was the favorite scent, and most of the lions and leopards showed unqualified pleasure when the scent was poured on the wool and put into their cages. The first leopard to which it was offered stood over the ball of cotton, shut its eyes, opened its mouth and screwed up its nose. It then lay down and held it between its paws, rubbed its face over it and finished by lying down upon it. Another leopard smelt it and sneezed, then caught the wool in its claws, played with it, then lay on its back and rubbed its head and neck over the scent. It then fetched another leopard, which was asleep in the cage, and the two sniffed it for some time together, and the last comer ended by taking the ball in its teeth, curling its lips well back, and inhaling the delightful perfume with half-shut eyes. The lion and lioness, when their turn came, tried to roll upon it at the same time. The lion then gave the lioness a cuff, with his paw, which sent her off to the back of the cage, and, having secured it for himself, laid his broad head on the morsel of scented cotton and purred."

R. C. F.

Curious Remedies (Vol. vii, pp. 155, etc.).—The wonderful cures performed by the powers of imagination would supply a copious chapter to your collection. Accept the following old ones from a very old man.

"Boerhaave, so runs the tale, succeeded in curing an epidemic convulsion among the children of a poorhouse by the fear of a red-hot poker. The fits had spread by sympathy and imitation, and this great physician, mistrusting the ordinary remedies in such a case, heated his instrument, and threatened to burn the first who should fall into a fit. The convulsions did not return.

"Muretus, the celebrated scholar, was attacked with fever at a small country inn. He was visited by two physicians, and one of them supposing, from the poverty of Muretus' appearance, that he would not understand Latin, said to the other, 'Faciamus experimentum in corpore vili'-(Let us try an experiment on this mean person). As

soon as they were gone Muretus got out of bed, huddled on his clothes, scampered off as fast as he could, and was cured of his fever by his fright.

"A similar instance is mentioned by a writer (Griffin) on functional affections of the spinal cord. A girl, named Dalton, being attacked with typhus fever, was sent to the Limerick fever hospital. A week afterwards her brother was seized with the same disease, and was sent to the same institution. On getting out of the car at the gate of the hospital, he was assisted up stairs by the nurses; but on his way was met by some persons who were carrying a coffin on their shoulders. The sick man inquired whose body they were removing, when one of the bearers inadvertently answered, 'A girl of the Daltons.' The brother, horror-struck, sprang from between his conductors, dashed down the stairs, passed the gate of the hospital, and never ceased running until he had reached his cabin in Pallas Kenry. He flung himself on the bed immediately, fell into a sound sleep, and awoke in the morning free from illness.

"Other instances abound. The following is one of an imaginary disease healed by an imaginary remedy. So late as the middle of the sixteenth century, the celebrated Trascastoro found the robust bailiff of his estate groaning in despair, suffering the very agonies of death from the sting of an insect, believed to be a tarantula. He administered at once a potion of vinegar and Armenian bole, the remedy in those days for the poisonous stings of all kinds of animals; and the dying man was, as if by miracle, restored to life and the power of speech. Now, since the bole could have had nothing to do with the case, we can account for the cure only by supposing that the confidence in so great a physician overcame this almost fatal disease of the imagination.' W. S.

Sartor Resartus.-The Pall Mall Budget on "Program" and "Gubernatorial:"

"The superior person who enlightens the readers of the Pall Mall Budget on the subject of philology, if told that he himself has still something to learn, would doubtless feel affronted. Program, for programme, he has recently denounced as an 'ignorant

Americanism.' The spelling programme was taken from the French, and in violation of analogy; seeing that, when it was imported into English, we already had anagram, cryp togram, diagram, epigram, etc. Half-way towards program, and yet as anomalous as programme is programm, by which Liddell and Scott defined póypapua. Prof. Skeat, in his Etymological Dictionary,' gives 'programme, program;' thus recognizing the common American spelling as justifiable. Having despatched program to his satisfaction, the superior person aforesaid announces that, in the word gubernatorial, 'a fresh horror has been invented.' This 'fresh

horror' he has discovered in the London Daily Chronicle, where, in the phrase 'gubernatorial appointments,' he supposes that it first saw the light. Let it pass that Americans have been coming across the 'horror,' every now and then, for at least three-quarters of a century. Gubernatorial appointments ought to mean,' we are told, 'appointment of pilots.' There may be eccentric mortals to whom gubernatorial is not only acceptable, but on a plane with the apocryphal old lady's blessed word Mesopotamia. Though offensive to good taste, it may, however, be vindicated etymologically. Only by virtue of its context, as, for instance, when joined to rei publica, is gubernator good Latin for governor.' Yet, in giving it, taken out of its context, the same sense, no more violence would have been done than is observable in the case of other expressions without number. The uninformed censure of gubernatorial, as being made connotative of 'governor,' applies equally to gubernance, gubernation and gubernative, legitimate, though unlovely, and, like the rawness shown above touching program, suggests that the censurer would be well advised in not airing his rudiments, linguistic and historical, while in their present circumstances of poverty" (The Nation).

An Ortelius in Indiana.-"A wellknown antiquarian of Chicago has just purchased in Indiana a genuine and well-preserved copy of Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, of the date of 1573," says the St. Louis Globe Democrat. It is an atlas of

Europe, Asia, Africa, the Holy Land and North America, of which latter country, discovered less than one hundred years previous to the publication of the work, but a small oblong map is given, curiously inaccurate, and without trace or description whatever of the Mississippi, the great lakes or the Gulf of Mexico. The book is a large folio of fifty-two pages or maps, double and single, each one of them richly embellished with water-colored illustrations painted by hand, and representing war, peace, the arts and sciences, agriculture, commerce, etc. The pictures are quaintly curious in design and execution and suggestive of the great advance that has been made in the art of engraving since.

"The Holy Land is bordered with Biblical scenes, such as Christ stilling the tempest, Moses smiting the rock, the worshiping of the golden calf, the flood, Noah and the ark,

Literary Coincidences (Vol. iv, p. 257). The Paris letter of The Nation for August 6 contained the following anecdote of Napoleon I:

"An old grenadier who had made the campaigns of Italy and Egypt, not hearing his name pronounced, left the ranks and asked for the Legion of Honor. 'What have you done,' said Napoleon, 'to obtain this recompense?' 'It was I, Sire, who, in the desert of Jaffa, in a dreadful heat, offered you a watermelon.' 'I thank you again for it, but that is not worth the Legion of Honor.' The grenadier, who, so far, had been as cold as ice, flew into a paroxysm, and said with great volubility: 'Do you count for nothing seven wounds received at the bridge of Arcola, at Lodi, at Castiglione, at the Pyramids, at Saint Jean d'Acre, at Austerlitz, at Friedland -eleven campaigns in Italy, in Egypt, in Austria, in Prussia, in Poland?' Here the Emperor interrupted him, and, imitating his vivacious language, said: 'Well, well, well! how you scream! Now you come to essential points; you end where you ought to have begun; this is better than your watermelon.'

A correspondent now writes to remark how strikingly the above resembles the story told of Julius Cæsar and one of his veterans in Seneca's "De Beneficiis:"

"Causam dicebat apud divum Julium ex veteranis quidam paulo violentior adversus vicinos suos, et causa premebatur. Meministi,' inquit, Imperator, in Hispania talum extorsisse circa Sucronem?' Cum Cæsar meminisse se dixisset, Meministi, quidem,' inquit, 'sub quâdam arbore minimum umbræ spargente cum velles residere, ferventissimo sole, et esset asperrimus locus in quo ex rupibus acutis unica illa arbor eruperat, quemdam ex commilitonibus penulam suam substravisse?' Cum dixisset Cæsar, Quid meminerim? et quidem siti confectus, quia impeditus ire ad fontem proximum non poteram, repere manibus volebam, nisi commilito, homo fortis ac strenuus, aquam mihi in galea sua adtulisset.' 'Potes ergo,' inquit [veteranus], Imperator, agnoscere illum hominem aut illam galeam?' Cæsar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse, et adjecit, puto ab hoc iratus quod se a cognitione media ad veterem fabulam abduceret, 'Tu, utique, ille non es.' 'Merito,' inquit, Cæsar, me non agnoscis; nam cum hoc factum est integer eram. Postea ad Mundam in acie oculus mihi effossus est, et in capite lecta ossa. Nec galeam illam, videris, agnosces; machæra, enim, Hispana divisa est.' Vetuit illi exhiberi negotium Cæsar, et agellos in quibus vicinalis via causa rixae ac litium fuerat, militi suo donavit."

Vol. VII. No. 18.

THE

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CONTENTS.

NOTES:-The New English Dictionary, 205-The Origin of "Scotland Yard," 207.

QUERIES:-Nacre-Wash of Edmonton-Hair from White to Black-Sheila's Day, 207-Mudwall Jackson - Shakespeare and Lyly-A Relic of Old Pemaquid-Color of Flat Fish and Sunlight - Authorship Wanted -"The Dry Drudgery," etc., 208.

REPLIES:-Composition During Sleep-Born and Dead on the Same Day-Priscian's Head-Palm Leaf, 208-Cockles of the Heart-Genesis li: Franklin's Parable on Toleration -Discoveries by Accident-Superstition in High PlacesSingular Plant Names, 209-Death by Drowning-Indian Place Names-Antem or Autem, 210-Gloire de Dijon-Singular Place Names, 211.

Dr. Murray needs quotations for the desiderata in the following list, to complete the literary history of some of the words of the next part of his Dictionary. As in previous lists, when the date stands before a word, an earlier quotation is wanted; where the date follows, a later instance is wanted; for words without a date all quotations will be welcome. We shall be pleased to publish in our columns, so far as space will permit us, any answers our correspondents may send us, and to forward them to Dr. Murray afterwards. ED. A. N. & Q.

1605 familist (name of sect)

1658 familist (head of a family) 1658

1638 familist (one of a family) 1638 famine v. 1637

1535 famish, intr. 18th c.

1535 famosity 1535

1590 famous (slanderous) 1590

1577 famous, v. 18th c.

1678 famulative 1678

1612 famulist 1612

1590 fan (lady's)

fan, v. (winnow) 18th c.

1540 fanatic, a.

1660 fanatic, sb. 1589 fanatical 1652 fanaticism 1812 fanaticize

1791 fancier

1642 fanciful

1789 fanciless

1845 fancy, a.

1768 fandango

1555 fang (tooth)

1583 fangle, sb.

1549 fangle, a.

fangless 18th c.

fanion

fashionable (able to be shaped) 1630

1624 fashionist

fast, a. (of colors) 18th c.

1562 fast (secure)

1600 fast (of sleep) 1750

fast (rapid) 17th and 18th c.

1800 fast (living fast)

fast, adv. (shut) 17th and 18th c.

fast (earnestly) 1533

fast beside 15th to 17th c.

1580 fast and loose

fast. v. (to fasten) 1700

1793 fast (a short cable)

fast-day 16th to 18th c.

fasten, v. (fix firmly) 1750 1704 fastidious (hard to please) fastigiated 1668

fasting-day 1711

fasting-spittle 18th c.

fastingong (Shrove tide) 1530
fastly (firmly) 18th c.

fastly (quickly) 17th and 18th c.
fastness (fixity) 1700
fastness (security) 1710
fastness (quickness) 1700
fat, v. (to anoint) 1700
fat up, v. 1608

fat, v. intr. 1700
fat-headed 1603

1678 fatalism
1650 fatalist

fatalness 1663 1697 fate (lot) 1718 fateful

father (ancestor) 18th c.

1800 father (head of a society)

father (source or originator) 18th c. father (title of respect) 18th c. Fathers (of the Church) 1611 Fathers (senators of Rome) 1742 father (one who acts as) 1611 1611 The Father (as in the Trinity) father, v. (beget, produce) 18th c. father, v. (reveal parentage) 18th c. 1666 fatherer 1666

1556 fatherkin 1556