extreme difficulty; as long, however, as his speech lasted he was heard to pronounce the name of God and begging pardon for his sins." The word attributed to Charles I, "Remember," does not appear to have been the last word uttered by the unfortunate king. Jesse gives a very full account of the execution of the king, and mentions the word "Remember" as being uttered to Bishop Juxon, but then goes on afterwards to give several others, to wit: "He turned to the executioner and said, 'I shall say but short prayers and when I thrust my hand-', looking at the block, he continued-' you must set it fast.' The executioner replied that it was fast; the king remarked that it might have been higher. Being told it could not have been higher he said, 'When I put out my hand this way, thenThe sentence was not completed; he then removed his cloak and doublet. "He then lifted up his hands and eyes to heaven and repeated a few words, which were inaudible; he knelt down and laid his neck on the block. The executioner stooped to put his hair under his cap; when the king, thinking he was about to strike, bid him wait for the sign; shortly after he stretched out his hands and the executioner at one blow severed his head from his body." The last words attributed to George II in Mr. Converse Cleaves' list, as "O God, I am dying, this is death," should have been credited to George IV; evidently a mistake on the part of the compositor. George II died suddenly, and was found. in one of his rooms by his valet (see Vol. vii, p. 1, "How England's Rulers Died"). The expression quoted from English Notes and Queries, p. 27, is incorrect, as Rev. Geo. Croly, in his "Life of George IV," records those very words as having been spoken by George IV. Agnes Strickland, the authoress of the "Lives of the Queens of Henry VIII," says that the last words of Henry VIII were, "All is lost," yet she mentions the exclamations "Monks! monks ! monks!!" as given in English Notes and Queries, but they were before the words "All is lost." Regarding Richard III, the words "Not one foot will I fly," etc., were addressed, ac cording to the Harleian MSS., to a knight who came to the king on the battlefield and said, "I hold it time for ye to fly; yonder Stanley his dynts be so sore, gainst them may no man stand. Here is thy horse, another day ye may worship again. This knight is said to have been William Catesby. The statement of Rous, who was a contemporary of Richard III, that his last words were "Treason! treason! treason!" may have been uttered after his attendants fled, leaving him alone on the battlefield. It is very certain that between the words "Not one foot will I fly," etc., and his death, a hard battle was fought and some time had elapsed, and a great commander like the king would have given forth at least some orders as to the movement of troops. 6 Leaving English rulers, I will take the liberty of correcting two errors of French history. Napoleon is reported by E. N. and Q. as having died exclaiming, "Head the army" (Tête d'Armée). Count Montholon, who was with the emperor when he died, says, "Twice I thought I could distinguish. the unconnected words, France-armée, tête d'armée-Joséphine.'" Mostly the last word Joséphine is omitted, in quoting the dying words of the emperor. Abbott says that the dying words of Joséphine were, "Island of Elba-Napoleon." The other quotation, as made on page 98, AMERICAN NOTES AND QUERIES, was made when she was stronger and before she reproached Dr. Lamou for neglecting to leech her, saying, "Your neglect will kill me." The doctor's name is abbreviated in the work from which I quoted. THOS. LOUIS Ogier. WEST CHESTER, PA. Direful. Some purists object to the use of this word, because it has exactly the same meaning with the adjective dire. Most adjectives in ful are formed from nouns. Except direful, I can scarcely recall at this moment an instance of an adjective in ful which has been formed from another adjective. But in Brome's play, "The Queen and Concubine," the word idleful occurs, although it is put into the mouth of a pedantical and conceited country curate, and is therefore probably not to be regarded as a genuine word. G. The last form is the spelling by the "American gentleman long resident in Constantinople," which Max Müller quotes as an example of the difficulty of catching the sound of a foreign language. The American thought himself "not the one-hundredth part of a whisper or lisp out of the way." The reader will choose between his and the two preceding forms. Bakhshish, though much in use among the Arabs, Egyptians and Turks, is a Persian word, being formed, according to Dr. Skeat, from the Zend verb, baksh, to distribute. In English it is employed, not only substantively, but also as a verb and an adjective. The various forms given are gathered from English literature covering a period of two hundred and sixty years, from "Purchas Pilgrimage," 1625, down to the narrative of the Philadelphia photographer's visit to the Khuzneh in Petra, found in the Century of November, 1885. MENÓNA. Lame with Counterfeiting Lame (Vol. vii, p. 235).-I can supply another very analogous example of an adjective put for the abstract noun: "As if my heart had robd her of her faire: CAMDEN, N. J. Letter-addressing in Japan.-In an article on Japanese habits, the London Times remarks: "The postage stamp is affixed on the closed seal-flap of the envelope, instead of on its face. As for the mode of address, it is the exact reverse of ours. Thus, 'England, London, Printing House Square, The Times Office, The Editor,' would be the Japanese way of directing a letter to that paper." Good for the Japanese! I should say. The chief thing of interest to the hardworked sorter who first gets a letter of this kind is the name of the country it goes to; all that the next man cares to know is the town it is intended for, and so on ; and not until it reaches the hands of the local delivery man is the name of the individual to whom its contents are written of any use to the postal employés, or (therefore) to anybody else. The Japanese have the better of us there. PLAIN-TALK. Veteran Reserve Corps (Vol. vii, p. 32). This. was organized in 1863 as the Invalid Corps, and consisted of men who had been wounded or sick, and were unfit able men from garrison and post duty. On for active duty. Its object was to release November 1, 1863, the Invalid Corps consisted of 491 officers and 17,762 men, organized as infantry into 203 companies. In 1864, the name was changed to that of Veteran Reserve Corps, and on October 1, 1864, it consisted of 764 officers and 28,738 men. In 1866 there were four regiments in the Corps, respectively the Forty-second, Forty-third, Forty-fourth, and Forty-fifth regiments of United States Infantry. These were distinct from the rest of the Army, and promotions in them were separate from those in the line regiments. In 1869, when the Army was reduced from sixty to forty regiments, the Veteran Reserve Corps was disbanded. The order creating it was issued in the spring of 1863; that disbanding it was dated March 10, 1869. R. G. B. NEW YORK CITY. The Editor's Bric-a-Brac. Not a line of a stereotyped review appears in these " columns. Among the contents of The Chautauquan for October, we draw special attention to "The Battle of Bunker Hill," "Domestic and Social Life of the Colonists," George Washington, the First President" (see p. 255), Land Tenure in the United States," ""The History of Political Parties in America;" and of such we would fain be permitted to call for "more, still more!" Nor should we omit "The Nibelungen Lied," by Andrew Ten Brook. As to Max Leclerc's article on Birmingham (translated from the Revue des deux mondes), the valuable comments passed upon the inner life of a foreign city by the tourist who may have spent a few hours in it, always remind us of the confession once made by a French diplomatist in Russia. "At the end of my first year's residence here," he said, "I felt I could fill volumes with my acquired knowledge of the country, and now that I spent six years with this people, I feel that I am beginning to know them." What is the drift of The Green Bag's subtitle, "A Useless but Entertaining Magazine for Lawyers?" It is always "entertaining," therefore in no sense "useless; unless, indeed, this phraseology be another of those legal mysteries, the solution of which is denied to laymen. This notwithstanding, we recommend to our readers the article on sealing legal documents, under the heading, "Looked Upon with Veneration," the quaint notes on "Some Singular Tenures," the second installment of the interesting history of "The Supreme Court of New Jersey," accompanied by eleven carefully executed portraits; and in doing so, we fear we are almost doing a wrong to the other contents of this month's very full number. Antiquarians will read with pleasure the leading article in The Saturday Review and Republic (Phila.), for September 19, which treats of the crowns worn by European monarchs, from the old iron crown of Lombardy to the most recent addition to the imperial stock, that of the German Empire. Noted in the Architectural Era for September, a description (with two very fine illustrations) of the famous Taj Mahal of Agra, probably the most magnificent mausoleum in the world. To be read in the last issue of Scientific American, over the signature Joseph F. James, a few very interesting notes on prehistoric man and the horse in North America, based on Prof. E. D. Cope's late lecture before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Washington. At the beginning of October an increase of 331⁄2 per cent. will be made in the amount of reading matter printed in The Critic. While making this announcement, our contemporary refers to the fact that the number of entries in its column of "Publications Received" from January 1 to August 22 was 1138, and that during the same period 978 were noticed. But readers of The Critic are delighted to know and proud to acknowledge that there is much more in its columns than mere numerical abundance of entries. The general soundness of its critical acumen is only equaled by the versatility of its judgment; the independent spirit of its appreciations commands respect even when it fails to secure conviction, and its freedom from the ipse dixi abomination as well as from the twaddle of the needy top-floor-back scribbler is the more highly valued as both are so common, alas, in what goes by the name of "Criticism" in our day. There is growing among us a class of lady (!) writers who seem to have assumed the task of showing a loathing world to what depths a woman can prostitute her pen for the sake of "filthy" lucre or of what she considers fame. The writers who had so large a share in creating the state of moral rottenness and physical degeneration nowadays witnessed in certain parts of the old world, belonged to the coarser sex. Is it to be America's sad boast that she was the foster-mother of the female Paul de Kocks and Zolas of the next generation? If the gifted lady who co-edits The Critic would bring the acknowledged influence of her paper and a portion of its increased space to bear upon this point, she would add one more to the several claims it already possesses on all who have at heart the vital interests of home and country." A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC. Copyrighted 1891, by The Westminster Publishing Co. Entered at the Post-Office, Philadelphia, as Second-class Matter. Vol. VII. No. 23. THE SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1891. American Notes and Queries PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE WESTMINSTER PUBLISHING COMPANY, 619 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Single coples sold, and subscriptions taken at the publishers' office, Queries on all matters of general literary and historical interest-folk-lore, the origin of proverbs, familiar sayings, popular customs, quotations, etc., the authorship of books, pamphlets, poems, essays, or stories, the meaning of recondite allusions, etc., etc.-are invited from all quarters, and will be answered by editors or contributors. Room is allowed for the discussion of moot questions, and the periodical is thus a valuable medium for intercommunication between literary men and specialists. Communications for the literary department should be addressed: EDITOR AMERICAN NOTES AND QUERIES. All checks and money orders to be made payable to the order of The Westminster Publishing Company, 619 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. $3.00 per year. $1.75, 6 months. $1.00, 3 months. 10 cents per number. CONTENTS. NOTES:-Indian Place Names: Chautauqua, 265-Visions, 266-Gauls in Spain, 267, QUERIES:-Authorship Wanted - Spug-Hole TuckupPass Wine-Truxton's Silver Service-Tubbies-Long Brothers-Florida Mountains-Tuckered Out, Fanicked and Peunked, 268-Greare, 269. REPLIES:-Yellow Starch-Tone-Cattle Calls-ThimbleMummified Royalty-Mottoes for Book Covers-Born and Dead on the Same Day-Blowing Wells-Pult, 269-Blowing Caves-Dogs of War-Glass Making in Maine-Skewgee -One-eyed Commanders-By Hook or by Crook-Breeching Scholar-Whistling as a Speech-Hatteras, 270-Mudwall Jackson-Isle of Devils, 271. COMMUNICATIONS:-Underground Rivers-Verbal Snares -How the Ancients Swore-Early Indian Literature, 271Out-of-the-way Words-Ancient Mohammedan Manuscript -How the Rulers of France Died-Tobacco Smoking, 272A Womanless Mill - Underground Streams- How Names Grow-Spelling Reform Needed-Nationality of Great Men, 273-Newspaper Oddities-An Old Subscription List-Singu lar Signs, 274-Longevity of Poets-The First Horse CarWho Was El Dorado? 275-Who Owns the Biggest Bible?— Euphonic Indian Names-Curious Remedies, 276. a matter of habit), to which may be compared waktákwä", I have taken out' (in a more distant past). "The interpretation as given above points to one or somebody having taken out fish there. This one is indicated by the k standing after the initial and is pointing to a personal subject. The first syllable of the term, t'ka", with an explosive', is suppressed entirely in the present form of the name for shortness' sake." This taking out of the fish refers probably to some memorable occasion when fish were transplanted from the lake to the ponds and smaller lakes in the vicinity where they could be recaptured at any time when wanted. Cattaraugus creek with its deep "holes" interspersing its shallow course would have been a watercourse well adapted to be stocked with fish in this manner. A name parallel to Chautauqua is Katarakwi, originally T'ka' tarokwi: "there one has taken mud out." Cataraqui once was the name of a French port west of Kingston, Ontario. [We should be delighted to make the above note, written by Prof. Albert S. Gatschet for The Glen Echo Chautauqua, the prelude to a series of notes on the etymology of Indian place names still used in our current nomenclature; and we accordingly invite communications from our correspondents on the subject.-ED. A. N. & Q.] VISIONS. (SEE VOL. VII, P. 251.) I send you two notable instances of visions, that are generally accepted as among the most remarkable and best supported cases of the kind mentioned in biographical history. As the biographies from which the narratives are copied passed out of print many years ago, and are not now readily accessible to many of your readers, I have thought it advisable to have the citations as unabridged as possible. 66 THE TRANCE VISION OF REV. WILLIAM TENNENT. "Rev. William Tennent (1705-1777) was one of four brothers, all Presbyterian clergymen of note, and son to Rev. William Tennent, founder of the famous Log College,' at Neshaminy, in Bucks county, Pa., from which germ proceeded the College of New Jersey,' at Princeton, and who prior to his emigration to America was a minister of the Episcopal Church in Ireland, and chaplain to an Irish nobleman. The Tennents all possessed the evangelical spirit in a high degree, and were men of exceptional intellectual force. In the early history of the Presbyterian Church in America they occupy a prominent place. The narrative of Rev. Mr. Tennent's extraordinary experience which follows, is copied from a rare little book, published in Salem, N. J., by J. Stevenson, Jun., in 1814, under the title of Memoirs of Rev. William Tennent.' It is a letter to the author of the 'Memoirs,' Elias Boudinot, and as will be observed, from a clergyman of the same religious faith, who succeeded to Rev. Mr. Tennent's pastorate, in Freehold, N. J., and the account given was received from Tennent himself. Here is the communication in full: MONMOUTH, N. J., December 10, 1805. "Dear Sir:-Agreeably to your request, I now send you, in writing, the remarkable account which I sometime since gave you verbally, respecting your good friend, my worthy predecessor, the late Rev. William Tennent, of this place. In a very free and feeling conversation on religion, and on the future rest and blessedness of the people of God (while traveling together from Monmouth to Princeton), I mentioned to Mr. Tennent that I should be highly gratified in hearing, from his own mouth, an account of the trance which he was said to have been in, unless the relation would be disagreeable to himself. After a short silence, he proceeded, saying, that he had been sick with a fever; that the fever increased, and he by degrees sunk under it. After some time (as his friends informed him) he died, or appeared to die, in the same manner as persons usually do; that in laying him out, one happened to draw his hand under the left arm, and perceived a small tremor in the flesh; that he was laid out, and was cold and stiff. The time for his funeral was appointed, and the people collected; but a young doctor, his particular friend, pleaded with great earnestness that he might not then be buried, as the tremor under the arm continued; that his brother, Gilbert, became impatient with the young gentleman, and said to him, What! a man not dead who is cold and stiff as a stake.' The importunate young friend, however, prevailed; another day was appointed for the burial, and the people separated. During this interval many means were made use of to discover, if possible, some symptoms of life; but none appeared excepting the tremor. The doctor never left him for three nights and three days. The people again met to bury him, but could not, even then, obtain the consent of his friend, who pleaded for one hour more; and when that was gone he pleaded for half an hour, and then for a quarter of an hour; when, just at the close of this |