To find the perpendicular, then, by Theorem I, we have this proportion; ac: AC: bc: BC. Or R AC:: Sin A: BC. Whenever the terms Radius, Sine, Tangent, &c., occur in a proportion like this, the tabular Radius, &c., is to be understood, as in Arts. 126, 127. The numerical calculation, to find the length of BC, may be made, either by natural sines, or by logarithms. See Art. 131. Here the logarithms of the second and third terms are added, and from the sum, the first term 10 is subtracted. (Art. 132.) The remainder is the logarithm of 24.069=BC. Subtracting the angle at A from 90°, we have the angle at C=57° 40'. (Art. 116.) Then to find the base AB ; ac AC: ab: AB Or R AC: Sin C AB=38.023. Both the sides required are now found, by making the hypothenuse radius. The results here obtained may be verified, by making either of the other sides radius. If the base be made radius, as in Fig. 15, the perpendicular will be the tangent, and the hypothenuse the secant of the angle at A. (Art. 122.) Then, Sec A AC::R: AB By making the arithmetical calculations, in these two proportions, the values of AB and BC, will be found the same as before. If the perpendicular be made radius, as in Fig. 16, AB will be the tangent, and AC the secant of the angle at C. Then, Ex. 2. If the hypothenuse of a right angled triangle be 250 rods, and the angle at the base 46° 30'; what is the length of the base and perpendicular? Ans. The base is 172.1 rods, and the perpendic. 181.35. Ex. 1. If the hypothenuse (Fig. 18.) be 35 leagues, and the base 26; what is the length of the perpendicular, and the quantity of each of the acute angles? To find the angles it is necessary that one of the given sides be made radius. (Art. 130.) If the hypothenuse be radius, the base and perpendicular will be sines of their opposite angles. Then, AC: R: AB: Sin C-47° 581 And to find the perpendicular by theorem I; If the base be radius, the perpendicular will be tangent, and the hypothenuse secant of the angle at A. Then, AB RAC: Sec A In this example, where the hypotheňuse and base are given, the angles can not be found by making the perpendic ular radius. For to find an angle, a given side must be made radius. (Art. 130.) 136. Ex. 2. If the hypothenusc (Fig. 19.) be 54 miles, and the perpendicular 48 miles, what are the angles, and the base? Making the hypothenuse radius. AC R: BC: Sin A R AC: Sin C: AB The numerical calculation will give A-62° 44' and AB -24.74. Making the perpendicular radius. BC RAC: Sec C R BC: Tan C: AB The angles cannot be found by making the base radius, when its length is not given. Ex. 1. If the base (Fig. 20.) be 60, and the angle at the base 47° 12', what is the length of the hypothenuse and the perpendicular? In this case, as sides only are required, any side may be radius. Making the hypothenuse radius. Sin C: AB::R: AC=88.31 Making the base radius. R AB Sec A AC R: AB:: 'T'an A; BC Making the perpendicular radius. Tan C: AB::R: BC 138. Ex. 2. If the perpendicular (Fig. 21.) be 74, and the angle C 61° 27', what is the length of the base and the hypothenuse? Ex. 1. If the base (Fig. 22.) be 284. and the perpendicular 193192, what are the angles, and the hypothenuse? In this case, one of the legs must be made radius, to find an angle; because the hypothenuse is not given. Ex. 2. If the base be 640, and the perpendicular 480, what are the angles and hypothenuse? Ans. The hypothenuse is 800, and the angle at the base 36° 52′ 12′′. 145 Examples for Practice. 1. Given the hypothenuse 68, and the angle at the base 39° 17'; to find the base and perpendicular. 2. Given the hypothenuse 850, and the base 594, to find the angles, and the perpendicular. 3. Given the hypothenuse 78, and perpendicular 57, to find the base, and the angles. 66 18 4. Given the base 723, and the angle at the base 64° 18', to find the hypothenuse and perpendicular. 5. Given the perpendicular 632, and the angle at the base 81° 36', to find the hypothenuse and the base. 6. Given the base 32, and the perpendicular 24, to find the hypothenuse, and the angles. 140. The preceding solutions are all effected, by means of the tabular sines, tangents, and secants. But, when any two sides of a right angled triangle are given, the third side may be found, without the aid of the trigonometrical tables, by the proposition, that the square of the hypothenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two perpendicular sides. (Euc. 47. 1.) If the legs be given, extracting the square root of the sum of their squares, will give the hypothenuse. Or, if the hypothenuse and one leg be given, extracting the square root of the difference of the squares, will give the other leg. Let h the hypothenuse } p--the perpendicular › of a right angled triangle. Ex. 1. If the base is 32, and the perpendicular 24, what is the hypothenuse? Ans. 40. 2. If the hypothenuse is 100, and the base 80, what is the perpendicular? Ans. 60. 3. If the hypothenuse is 300, and the perpendicular 220, what is the base? Ans. 300-220-4160, the root of which is 204 nearly. |