which adds to the mellowness of pronunciation. Its modulation is increased by the accent, which, in words of two and three syllables, is placed on the first. Hence the language abounds in dactyls and trochees. That, how ever, as Mr. Posselt observed, is not the case with all the Sclavonic tongues. The Bohemian poetry is entirely in rhyme; it has no blank verse. An attempt was made not long ago to translate Homer into hexameters; but the language would not bear it; it seemed as little suited to that metre, as the English. The Germans and Dutch, as is well known, very freely make use of it. There is a professor of the Bohemian language at Prague, and grammars and dictionaries exist; so that its cultivation is by no means neglected. I subsequently saw at Vienna a Bohemian and German, and a German and Bohemian dictionary, the former in one, the latter in two volumes, by Tham, both published at Prague: the first volume, Bohemian and German, in 1805, and the two other, German and Bohemian, in 1814. They are in octavo, and there is an abridgement of the German and Bohemian part, published also at Prague in 1814. The Bohemian language does not prevail throughout Bohemia; in most parts it is spoken jointly with the German, and in some the latter entirely predominates.

In speaking of the study of languages in general, Mr. Posselt remarked, that the more deeply a man entered into it, and the more widely he extended his investigations, the more he would be struck with a similarity between the different tongues; or that it was difficult to resist the idea, that all must have been originally derived from one and the same stock.

John Huss.-In the imperial library at Prague, there is a vast collection of manuscripts on theological and ecclesiastical subjects: a great curiosity is one, written by the hand of John Huss, which contains his sermons, and bears date 1413. Huss the earliest reformer next to Wickliff, was professor at Prague, and suffered as is well known, a martyr for his religious opinions, at Constance. Some of the hand writing of John Huss is likewise to be seen in a volume, preserved in the library, called Acta decanorum facultatis philosophie Pragensis; where he

had inscribed his name as Dean of the faculty. His writing is in the German hand, and in that species of it which is called the broken letter, which is sharp and angular. A remarkable manuscript is shewn, denominated Cantionale, containing the Liturgy of the Roman Catholic church in the Bohemian language. It is a large volume in folio, written on parchment in large characters, and most splendidly executed, and adorned with paintings. The volume was formed by the concurrence of several individuals, chiefly persons of rank, and of some corporations, who respectively contributed a certain number of pages at their expense. Among the pictures and representations with which the book is ornamented, one is singular; it exhibits three portraits placed above one another. The uppermost is John Wickliff, who is represented as striking fire; under him is John Huss, catching the spark in a piece of tinder or touch-wood; and below this Martin Luther, who brandishes the burning torch. This allegory produced in the sixteenth century, illustrates the rise and progress of the reformation with considerable accuracy.

Modern Greece.-The Greek Journal Hermes ho Logios, for Sept. 1819, moir, in the form of a letter, of the sercontains, among other articles, a mevices rendered during twenty years, to Greece, by the brothers Zosimas. "These worthy and respectable sons of the country," says the writer "could no longer endure to see it covered with the abodes of ignorance; but concluded that to be rendered happy, it must be enlightened. They have established at Joannina, in Epirus, their native country, a school of the first order, have enriched it with an excellent Library, have consigned considerable funds for the emolument of professors, have granted pensions to students, and have spared no expense to assist in raising their unfortunate country. To their munificence we owe the Greek Bibliotheca of Mr. Coray, with its excellent commentaries, the fruit of much study and learning. The eldest of the brothers Zosimas has resided from his youth at Moscow. The venerable mother of the emperor Alexander, being a few years ago in that ancient capital of the Czars, desired to see the benefactor of Greece, caused

him to be presented, entered into conversation with him, with distinguished good will, and among other things said to him:-M. Zosimas,-the benefits you confer every day on your countrymen, are known to my son, and to me: continue them; and assure yourself, that independently of our satisfaction, the blessings of those whom you render happy will rise even to heaven. Turning afterwards to the other Greeks who were present,-Gentlemen, said she, this is the true ornament of your nation." Messrs. Zosimas have formed at Moscow a considsiderable collection of antiquities, &c. with which they purpose some day to enrich their native country, Greece.

Athena Oxonienses.-Within the last year has been published in England a new edition of this celebrated work, being a history of all the writers and bishops, who have had their education in the university of Oxford, from the year 1500. To this edition is added the Fasti Oronienses, or the annals of the same University. This work was first prepared by Anthony A. Wood, A. M. of Merton College; and is now very considerably augmented, in text and notes, by Philo Bliss, Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford. In the present edition of this valuable body of English biography, every word of the two former editions has been retained with exact fidelity. Besides the text of the two former editions, that now

offered to the public contains a vast number of notes by bishops Humphreys, Kennet, and Tanner,-by Sir Philip Sydenham, Dr. Rawlinson, Mr. Baker, Gray, Loveday, Macco, Morant, Peck, Wanley, Whalley, and Watts, with several by the present editor, and many of great value, which have been communicated by intelligent persons now living:-add to which, each volume contains some few new lives of persons whose connection with the university had escaped the industrious inquiries of the Oxford biographer. The work is very handsoniely printed in columns, in four volumes royal quarto, price fifteen guineas.

Ancient inscription.-In an excavation at Lyons, a skull has been found, in each eye of which was a coin of the Roman emperor Probus, who reigned the latter part of the third century of the Christian era. Near this head was discovered a small cippus, or monument, with this inscrip

tion.

D. M.

ET MEMORIE
AELIE FILETE

AV. POSSINIO CONJUGI CARISSIME ET SIBI VIVO PONENDUM CVRAVIT ET SVB ASCIA DEDICAVIT.

THEOLOGY.

The Good Minister: A Discourse, in three parts, preached in the First Presbyterian Church in Newburyport, in consequence of the Installation of the Author. By Samuel P. Williams, A. M.-Newburyport.

Sermon, delivered in Haverhill, Feb. 28th, 1821, at the Installation of the Rev. Calvin Hitchcock, as Pastor of the First Congregational Church and Society in Randolph. By Warren Fay, Pastor of the First Church in Charlestown.-Boston.

Sermon delivered at the Ordination of the Rev. Asa Cummings to the pastoral care of the First Church in North Yarmouth. By William Allen, A. M. Brunswick.

A Discourse, delivered at the Ordination of the Rev. Elijah Demond. By Warren Fay, A. M.

Evils of Intemperance; a Sermon preached at Hallowell, on the day of the Annual Fast in Maine, April 12th, 1821. By Eliphalet Gillet.-Hallowell.

The Evangelical Catechism, or a plain and easy system of the principal doctrines and duties of the Christian Religion; adapted to the use of Sabbath Schools and Families; with a new method of instructing those who cannot read. By the Rev. John Mines. Richmond.

A Missionary Catechism, for the use of Children; containing a Brief View of the Moral Condition of the World,

and the progress of Missionary Efforts among the Heathen. Published by the Yale College Society of Enquiry respecting Missions. Second Edition. New-Haven. [In a former number we have expressed our approbation of this valuable little work; and we would, in its improved form, particularly recommend it to the patronage of the benevolent.]

Pastoral Letter of the Rt. Rev. Dr. England, Roman Catholic Bishop of Charleston, to his flock in the States of North and South Carolina and Georgia.-Charleston.

A Charge to the Clergy of the Episcopal Church in the State of Connecticut; delivered at the Convention of the Church in said State, in St. John's Church, at Waterbury, June 6th, 1821. By Thomas C. Brownell, D.D. LL. D. Bishop of the Diocess of Connecticut.

Second and Third Letters to the Rev. Samuel Miller, D. D. on his charges against the Unitarians.—Balti

more.

MISCELLANEOUS.

A Discourse on the early history of Pennsylvania. By P S. Du Porceau. Philadelphia.

An Historical Sketch of the Con

vention of the Congregational Ministers in Massachusetts; with an account of its funds; its connexion with the Massachusetts Congregational Charitable Society; and its rules and regulations. 8vo.-Cambridge.

Inaugural Discourse on Medical Education. By Nathan Drake, M. D. President of the Medical College at Ohio.-Cincinnati.

Address to the Farmers of the Unit

ed States, on the ruinous consequences to their vital interests of the existing policy of this country. By M. Carey. 8vo. Philadelphia.

Report upon Weights and Measures. By John Quincy Adams. 8vo.--Washington.

Anniversary Discourse delivered before the New York Historical Society, December 7th, 1818. By G. C. Verplanck, Esq. Second Edition. 8vo.New-York.

The Noble Slaves; or the lives and adventures of two Lords and two Ladies, being a history of remarkable events. By Mrs. Aubin. 18mo.-Boston.

Report of the Board of Public Works to the Legislature of South Carolina for the year 1820.

The following remarks are extracted from the monthly publication, entitled the "Friend of India," conducted by the Missionaries at Serampore. They will serve to make our readers more familiar with the circumstances of the East, and will explain on what ground native teachers may be supported at much less expense than European.-Lon. Mis. Reg.

The climate of India, if it be not favourable to longevity—a point, however, on which we ought to obtain far greater evidence than any yet collect ed, before it be decided in the negative, is highly favourable to the enjoyment of the inhabitants, as it lessens, in various ways, the expenses necessary to their comfort.

It makes a vast difference in the expense of a habitation. In Britain, a house while essentially necessary to the preservation of health, must be such as to be proof against the inclemency of the seasons. Scarcely the most robust constitution could bear a constant exposure to the air during the whole twenty-four hours, even in the warmest months of the year: in these circumstances, what must the delicate, the diseased, and the infirm suffer, in the most inclement seasons of the year, without a habitation sufficient to screen them from the rigour of the seasons! Far different is the climate of India. It is true, that the heat for some months is very great, particularly about mid-day; but then how soon is a shelter from the heat provided! It is afforded even by the shade of a tree; and, in many cases, even a single leaf of the Indian Arum, held by a native so as to overshadow his head, will be esteemed

by him a sufficient shelter, while travelling under the meridian sun, per haps at 120 degrees of heat by Fahrenheit's thermometer. Nor is it by any means uncommon, to see a small shed formed by two bamboos cut from the hedge, placed so as to meet each other at the top, and covered by leaves from the neighboring trees, form a nightly abode to a Hindoo for months together, while not above three feet in breadth at bottom, and not exceeding four feet in height. During certain months in the year, many from choice sleep in the open air during the whole night, often on the terrace of their houses, without sustaining the least injury; and any one who takes a walk through the chief street of Calcutta, sufficiently early may see hundreds of the natives sleeping in the street, or at their own or their employer's door, for perhaps the greatest part of the year. A few rupees, therefore, will erect a dwelling which shall be as well accommodated to the peculiarities of the climate, as one erected in Britain at ten times the expense. The effect of this in the article of rent must be obvious to all. But this brings with it another advantage; the expense of erecting a comfortable habitation being so very small, almost every one is able to erect a house for himself: for this the wages of three or four months will often be sufficient, and sometimes a much less sum. Thus the expense of rent, which the generality of the inhabitants of Britain have to meet, the mildness of the climate in India almost wholly removes from its inhabitants.

While the nature of the climate creates such a saving of expense to the natives relative to their habitations, it is scarcely less favourable relative to CLOTHING. As defence from the rigour of the seasons is so little needed, decency and ornament are the only objects in view in these, their simplicity of manners, and the unchanging form of their garments, reduce the expense to a mere trifle: one fashion pervading the whole country, their apparel never grows old by merely being seen, as is sometimes the case in Europe among those classes of its inhabitants who are far from being opulent. Further, many articles of apparel highly necessary in Europe, are almost altogether unknown to the inhabitants of this mild climate: a separate covering for the head, either in the form of

cap or hat, is almost abhorred by Hin doos of both sexes; and although a Hindoo Sircar in a city puts on a turban for the sake of appearing in a suitable dress for business, he embraces the first moment of his return to his domestic circle to lay aside the useless and unpleasant incumbrance: in the same degree, a covering for the feet, and even the legs, appears to the na tives of India equally unnecessary: although the dress of the women extends to about the mid-leg, for the sake of decency, the feet and the lower part of the leg are generally left without any covering even among them: by children of both sexes, and even by men highly respectable in life, a coering for the feet or the legs is regarded as quite superfluous. It is true, that men in higher circumstances wear shoes occasionally; but they are never like those worn by even the British peasantry: they cost scarcely more than a tenth of the price, unless when adorned with gold or silver: they are merely worn when out on a visit, and thrown aside when the wearers are at home. Some wear shoes when they travel; but, if they have to go any distance, the shoes are perhaps as commonly to be seen in the hand as on the feet; and this is certain of being the case, as often as any stream of water, or any miry part of the road, presents itself: the ease with which they can pass a river bare-foot and bare-legged, and the enjoyment of washing their feet when arrived on the opposite side, makes them lay aside every thing of the nature of shoes, whenever an opportunity of this nature presents itself.

The effect of this benign climate in lessening the quantity, and of course the expense of HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, So large an item of expense in Britain, is scarcely less sensible than in lessening that of their Clothing and Habitations. A bed is scarcely known among them: a mat answers every purpose of repose; and almost any thing serves for a pillow; this mat is in general spread on the ground; not seldom, indeed, when it is quite damp; although some of them have so far profited by the example of Europeans, as to purchase a cot on which to spread their mat, the price of which however seldom exceeds a few anas. For a covering, the cloth which they wear by day generally answers every purpose; and thes