thor, written in the fame fpirit, and having the fame object and tendency, as the book now before us. A profecution for a libel on the Spanish Embassador gave birth to the former; a fimilar profecution by the noted Dr. Rufh, a phyfician of Philadelphia, produced the latter. In the firft inftance the profecutor removed the cause from the federal district court, in order to have it tried by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, of which McKean was Chief Juftice; in the laft cafe, the defendant was entitled, as an Alien, by an exprefs article of the American Conftitution, to remove the cause from this Supreme Court to the circuit of the United States; but his petition for that purpose was rejected by McKean, in violation of a pofitive Law, and of every principle of juftice. The object of admitting the removal in the one cafe, and of refufing it in the other, was the fame; to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, by compelling him to be tried, in a city where the prejudices were violent against him, and where the judges were his perfonal enemies. This action was brought at the latter end of the year 1797, but the plaintiff did not think proper to proceed to trial, till the 13th of December 1799, when the defendant had left the city of Philadelphia, on the promotion of M‘Kean, to the Government of the State, and had repaired to New York. The damages were all fettled before the trial and were matter of public converfation throughout the city; it is well known, that they amounted to 5000 dollars, but it is not fo well known, that they amounted to more than the aggregate of all the fines or penalties inflicted, in civil actions, throughout the United States, from the first establishment of courts of law in them, to the very day of this trial! More, furely, need not be faid to prove the tyranny and injuftice of the verdict.But the whole of the proceedings, the conduct of the judges, the jury, and the bar, exhibit fuch a scene of deteftable profligacy and oppreffion, as cannot be viewed by an Englishman. without surprise and abhorrence. Suffice it to fay, that they form a complete contraft with a British Court of Juftice. The action originated from fome obfervations which appeared in the plaintiff's paper the Porcupine, on the novel practice of Dr. Rush, in treating that fatal malady, the Yellow Fever, viz. by bleeding and calomel purges; a practise which the Doctor himself had extolled and panegyrized, by the most abominable puffs, in the newspapers ;-the words charged, in the indictment, were that the plaintiff had called Rush a vain boafter, a quack, and Sangrado; and had faid, that he flew his patients. The council, on both fides feem, as far as we can judge by the statement before us, to have dealt more in declamation than in facts, or in law. The plaintiff's council did not not attempt to prove any real damage fuftained by their client, which, in an action for damages, ought to be proved; and the defendant's council did not attempt to justify, by proving the truth of the allegations, which it was their duty to prove, and which they eafily could have proved. The task which they declined, the defendant has here performed for himself; and a more able and fatisfactory defence we never perused; and the jurors are faid to have declared, after its publication, that had his lawyers pleaded his caufe as well as he had done it himself, they would not have affeffed a fhilling damages !”. This, however, is but a poor gratification to a man who has been robbed of a great portion of the earnings of his honest industry, merely for having committed the fin of Loyalty amongit Jacobins, the fin of morality amongst whoremongers and adulterers, and the fin of honesty amongst thieves; for thefe, we are perfuaded, are the only fins, which influenced either the conduct of the court, or the verdict of the jury. But, left our readers fhould fufpect us of having advanced too far in faying, that all the plaintiff's allegations might have been juftified, when one of the charges against him was for accufing the defendant of having flain his patients, it may be neceffary to state, that he faid no fuch thing. Dr. Rush having called mercury the Sampson of Medicine; the plaintiff, indeed, remarked, that, in the hands of the Doctor and his par tifans, it might be fo denominated; "for I verily believe, they have flain more Americans with it, than ever Sampfon flew of the Philiftines." This is a very different thing from charging a man, generally, with flaying his patients, without ftating by what means he flew them. How far this affertion was true may be collected from the number of deaths, on the day, preceding that on which Rufh published his noftrum, and boasted that by his discovery, he had reduced the fever to a level with a common cold," and on the subsequent days, when the beneficial effects of the difcovery began to be manifeft. The quack's boast appeared in the papers on the 12th of September, 1797; on the 11th, the number of deaths was 23; on the 12th, 33; on the 13th, 37; and fo continued regularly to increase to the 12th of October, when 119 perfons died in the city of Philadelphia, of this fever, which Dr. Rufh boafted of having reduced to a level with a common cold! If the discovery of the Doctor and the increafed number of deaths be not cause and effect; they are at least something fo very much like them, that a plain man might very easily be led to confider them as fuch. We are forry our limits prevent us from extracting the parallel between Dr. Sangrado and Dr. Ruth which is extremely ludi crous, crous, and is certainly perfect in all its points. There are many curious anecdotes, biographical, moral, and literary, fcattered through the work which we could have wished to felect for the amufement and information of our readers; but we must content ourselves with referring them to the work itfelf. One anecdote, however, we cannot refift the temptation of quoting. "This Academy (the Philadelphia Female Academy at which Dr. Rush formerly read Chemical Lectures) was, a few years ago, in great vogue, but is now, alas! no more. It was founded on principles fomewhat fimilar to thofe of Mary Wolftonecraft and John Walker, and was intended as a feminary where the republican fair might obtain the rudiments, at leaft, of the Rights of Woman. That all might be of a piece, the principal mafter was an old Irifh foldier, who left his Majefty's 47th regiment at the battle of Lexington and Concord. His name was Brown. He afterwards published a paper, by the affiftance of Rush, and, as a grateful return for that affiftance, his miferable sheet was always at the Doctor's command, To fay that this fellow deferted would be too harsh,' as Mr. Harper fays. He felt a call to quit the ranks of a tyrant' (as the King is called in the Declaration of Independence), in order to join the ftandard of Liberty; and, though there was an oath in his way, he nobly furmounted the obftacle. ་ ( "Having had occafion to mention this man, it would be a culpable neglect in me not to fay fomething more of his hiftory, which certainly furnishes one of the moft awful leffons ever held out to mankind. Brown was a private foldier at the time of his leaving' the 47th regiment; he rofe rapidly in the American army, and was, at the time when Gen. Burgoyne was captured (fee ANBURY, vol. ii. P. 205), a Major and Commiffary of Provifions. After the war was over, he kept the Female Academy of Philadelphia; he next eftablifhed a newspaper, which, for profit, was thought to be the first in the United States. He used to boast of clearing fixteen thousand dol lars a year; and though this was a fhameful exaggeration, it is certain that he lived in great splendour, kept his chariot and pair, and his country feat. His profperity feemed not only to be complete, but to have received the ftamp of duration; when, lo! in one fatal hour, a fire kindled by a fpark in his office, bereft him of the wife he had married, and of all the children that had been born to him, after his leaving the fervice of his King. He himself, who had not many hours before returned from a joyous concert, was not, indeed, burnt inftantly to death; but he expired at the end of two days, during which time his excruciating torments fuffered him to retain just enough of his fenfes to learn, that of all his children, the only one left to inherit his wealth, was a fon whom he had by a former wife, in Ireland, and whom he had difowned and driven from his door! Who can view the progrefs and the lamentable catastrophe of Brown, without thinking on the words of Holy Writ ?—' I have seen the wicked in great power, and fpreading himself like a green baytree. Yet he paffed away, and, lo! he was not; yea, I fought him, but he could not be found." If Dr. Rufh can confole himself, with the money which he has gained by the verdict, for the exposure which he has incurred by the action, we fhall only fay, that he values wealth more than reputation. We heard much, when at school, of the fternness of republican virtue in ancient days; we have, fince the American Rebellion and the French Revolution, heard ftill more of the inflexibility of republican virtue, in modern times; but example is better than precept; and we must take leave to observe, that the virtuous rulers of the French, and the equally virtuous Judges and Governors of the American, Republic, bear fo itrong a refemblance to what fcripture, reason, and law, teach us to confider as vicious characters, that, in the old-fashioned Monarchy of England, and, we believe, in moft other Monarchies, they would not only be excluded from the fociety of good men, but would stand a fair chance of paffing their days in a goal, or of ending them on a gallows.j The enthufiaftic applaufes bestowed on Mr. Combe, when elected Lord-Mayor of London, by the Jacobins of America, (P. 141.) we recommend to the notice of the Court of Common Council of that city, if the gentlemen who drew up the panegyric on his Lordship, which lately appeared in the London papers, in the form of an advertisement, had nof, as there is reason to fufpect, previously confulted it. The letter (in P. 143,) expofing a moft fcandalous inftance of fubornation of perjury, on the part of fome American merchants and others; and Hopkinson's Letter to McKean, (in P. 186,) are entitled to particular attention. It is almoft needlefs to fay that this pamphlet is written with the author's usual spirit and ability. It has had an immenfe circulation in America, and will, no doubt, meet with proportionate encouragement in this country. ART. VII. A Tour through part of North Wales, in the Year 1798, and other Times; principally undertaken with a View to Botanical Refearches in that Alpine Country: Interspersed with Obfervation on its Scenery, Agriculture, Manufactures, Cuftoms, Hiftory, and Antiquities. By the Rev. J. Evans, B, A. late of Jefus College, Oxford. 8vo. PP. 426. 8s. White. 1800. OUR UR readers will perceive, by the title of this book, that OUR Mr. Bingley had trodden before him, about the fame time too, and profeffedly for the fame purpose. We acquiefce, however, in the juftice of his obfervation, that "every traveller fees, or fancies he fees, fomething unobferved before, and that he is capable of communicating knowledge not obtained or imparted by others." And we admit, that even in the fame route different objects will ftrike different minds, and that the fame objects will not appear of equal importance in the eye of every obferver." Hence Mr. Evans's book may be read with pleasure and advantage, even by those who have perused the productions of all former tourists, many of whofe mifreprefentations he has expofed, and many of whose errors he has corrected. He is certainly an acute observer of men and manners; he feels ftrongly for the calamities of his fellowcreatures; has a laudable prejudice in favour of his country; and unites, with the ardour of a patriot, the humility of a Christian. On the other hand, he is fometimes hafty in his deductions, fpeaks with too much decifion on fubjects of which his knowledge is imperfect, and betrays a Latitudinarianifm on religious topics contradictory to the exprefs authority of the Scriptures. We fhall fupport our judgment by appofite extracts. In proof of the two firft charges, we adduce, his indifcriminate condemnation of inland navigations, and his affertion that they have a tendency to impoverish the farmer, and to difcourage agricultural purfuits. The very reverse of this is, generally speaking, the fact. Canals have been almost uniformly productive of effects diametrically oppofite to those here fo haftily imputed to them. To fay nothing of many collateral advantages, obvious to every man, by facilitating the carriage of lime and other manure, they have materially diminished the expence of cultivation, while, by enabling the farmer, at a low price, to transport the produce of his land to the best market, they have, in many inftances, confiderably increased his profits. The benefits, too, which the trade and manufactures of the country have derived from them are beyond calculation. The folitary inftance which Mr. E. produces of the Leominster canal which, he fays, pays the proprietors only I and per cent. for their money,proves nothing; because it is poffible that a canal may be a very bad fpeculation to the Subscribers, and yet a very good thing for the public, * See "Bingley's Tour round North Wales, &c." Anti-Jacobin Review, vol. vi. P. 410, The |