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ing obligations to Lord B., the development of whose character increases our respect, gratitude and love. He is at all times affable and communicative; but while at the tea table this morning, where we were joined by the chaplain, Mr. Andrew Bloxam, his brother; and Mr. Dampiere, the artist, he exhibited powers of conversation possessed by few, and a versatility which must niake him a charming companion, to his intimate friends and family circle. He is a great favorite, with the chiefs; and in order most fully to secure every attention and service to himself and ship, Kaahumanu and her sister Hoapiri Wahine, another of the queens dowager of Tamhameha the Great, accompany him in his visit to Hawaii.

On account of Mrs. Stewart's sickness, Lord Byron kindly took her, with Mr. S. and other members of the mission family, from Oahu, to try the effect of a voyage on her health. Having spoken of the accommodations with which they were furnished, and of the decoration of Lord B's. cabin, Mr. Stewart speaks thus of the library.

The library is in the after cabin, and is of a character you would more expect to meet with in a clergyman's study, than in a post captain's cabin; consisting principally of the British classical writers, with standard works on morals and religion. History and Theology, are lady Byron's fovorite study; and strong and devoted attachment to his wife, who is said to be an eminently pious woman, little devoted to the vanities of high and fashionable life, if no other cause, has led him to

cultivate a similar taste.

Speaking of Mr. Davis, the surgeon, and Mr. Bloxam, the chaplain, he says:

Mr. Davis is a polished and amiable man, and manifests a deep interest in Mrs. Stewart's situation, and has scarce failed visiting her, once or twice, every day, since the Blonde sailed. The chaplain is equally kind and assiduous in his attentions. He is a young man of fine mind, an Oxonian, and highly accomplished. He has a good living in the parish of Brinklowe, Warwickshire, and obtained an appointment in the navy, for the pleasure of the voyage with Lord Byron.

Owing to Mrs. Stewart's illness, Lord Byron and myself, are usually alone at the breakfast table, and his conversation then is less general, as to subjects, and often more interesting, than at any other time. It was particularly so this morning, happening to turn on the

character, &c. of his late distinguished predecessor in the barony of the Byrons. He had often before, spoken of him as a writer, and in reference to his later publications, in terms of unqualified reprehension; but now his remarks regarded him as a man, and a member of his own family. They were of the same age-same education-and on terms of the closest intimacy, till after the poet's marriage. But that event, which has so long been the subject of curiosity, conversation and surmise, in the fashionable and literary world-the separation of the new married couple-produced between the cousins, and friends also, an irreconcilable alienation-the captain having taken part with the lady. Previous to this circumstance, the will of the late lord B. was very much to the advantage of the heir apparent; but at their last interview, when the poet was bidding farewell to England forever, he said to the captain, "You have had reason to encourage the expectation of a handsome remembrance in my will --To save you future disappointment, I tell you now, I will never leave you a shilling;" and as Lord B. says, "he was true to his word."

Mr. Stewart thus notices the appearance and conduct of the queens, who were on board the Blonde during this voyage.

Their whole deportment has been very becoming and consistent. They have regular worship, morning and evening, in their own apartment; and grace at their meals. They occasionally take a seat at the table, and generally partake of some dish or dishes, regularly sent to them, when they do not. Still their own food is served to them by their own attendants, four times a day. They have observed the ordinary weekly prayer-meeting in our cabin, with their usual interest and satisfaction. Kaahumanu gives as good evidence of piety as could be expected from any one born and nurtured in heathenism, and familiarized, for more than fifty years, with all its superstitions and abominations-setting aside altogether her natural disposition and character, which I assure you are none of the mildest or sweetest; and the habits acquired by a proud and unlimited sovereignty of more than thirty years.

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Mr. Bishop performed the journey, described in the following communication, subsequently to his illness, of which mention was made at p. 307 of our last volume; and the first date in this communication, is nearly two months later, than the date of the letter, which is there inserted.

He went, first, by water up the western coast, towards the north; then crossed the island, beyond the lofty Mouna Kea, to the beautiful valley of Kaura; from thence he proceeded down the eastern coast to the scene of Mr. Goodrich's labors at Byron's Bay. From thence he visited the great crater of Kirauea,* a volcano, surpassing in its dimensions any other in the known world. It was then in active operation. Passing on, he found, at the foot of Mount Kau, and in the midst of grand natural scenery, a flourishing school taught by a native, and preached the word of God to a people eager to hear and understand. After stopping, a short time, at Kaavaroa, on his voyage up the western coast, to strengthen the hands of Mr. Ely, he arrived at Kairua on the 11th of January, after an absence from his family and station of 28 days.

Wednesday, Dec. 14, 1825. Sailed this morning from Kairua, in a double canoe, for Towaihae, in company with Puna, a young man of hopeful piety, and five others to carry our baggage across the country. Arrived at Kihoro, 25 miles distant; at 11 o'clock, went ashore, and dined with the chiefs of the place, Pulikoliko, a daughter of the late Tamehameha, and Milika, her husband. After dinner, had some interesting conversation on religious subjects, answered several questions relating to their particular cases, and wrote a prayer for the use of Milika, at his request. On our departure, we received 40 fish as a present. At 2 P. M. got under weigh, and arrived at Towaihae about sunset,a distance of 40 miles north from Kairua.

Towaihae.

Spent the evening and night with Mr. Young. This gentleman is nearly 80 years of age; and has resided on this island 40 years. He is an Englishman by birth, but followed the seas for sev

The crater of this volcano has been found, by actual measurement, to be seven miles and a half in circumference, and, in its ordinary state, one thousand feet in depth.-Ed.

VOL. XXIII.

eral years out of Philadelphia; was in the confidence of his employers, and expected to be raised soon to the command of a vessel. His last voyage was in a ship trading to the N. W. coast of America. On her return from the N. W., orders had been given to her tender to meet the ship at this island, where they were to touch for refreshments. The tender arrived first and was immediately seized by the natives, and the crew all massacred, except Isaac Davis. Upon the arrival of the ship, the schooner was concealed to avoid detection. After trading with the natives awhile, Mr. Young obtained liberty to go on shore, and spend the day in viewing the country; but unexpectedly meeting with Isaac Davis, he learned the fate of the tender and crew. At night when he sought an opportunity to return on board, he found every canoe prohibited from further intercourse with the ship. In this distressed condition, he had the pain to witness the ship, for three days successively, stand close in shore after him, and then put out again to sea. On the third day, she was observed to stand nearer in than usual, when Mr. Young made every possible attempt to procure the means of returning, but in vain. The ship then fired a gun, and standing about, set her studding sails to the breeze, and he soon saw her no more. Young and Davis wandered from place to place dressed in the native habit, until at the suggestion of Capt. Vancouver, Tamehameha gave them land. For Mr. Young's signal services in war the king made him a chief, and gave him his niece in marriage. Her name is Kaoanaeha. This woman is still living with him, and has a large family of children, most of whom have arrived to years of maturity, The above particulars I have just received from Mr. Young himself.

15. Intended to have set out this morning for Kohala, but the importunity of Mrs. Young has induced me to spend the day at this place, in imparting religious instruction to herself and people. Passed the whole of the morning in answering questions on experimental and practical religion, and in giving advice and direction how they might best serve and worship God in their present condition, destitute of a spiritual guide. Mrs. Y. and several of her people have, for more than a year past, been deeply interested with religious things, and now, more than ever, deeply feel their need of some one to lead them to the knowledge of God and salvation. In her manner of conversation, there is much intensity of feeling, mingled, apparently, with true humility.

Upon the whole, the word of God seems to have exerted a strong influence upon her, as well as upon some of her family.

In the afternoon, I preached to a very attentive audience of about 150 persons, assembled in the school house.

16. Set out at 2 A. M. for Kohala, in our double canoe. Reached Mahukona, 20 miles distant, at sun rise; drew our canoe on shore.

Journey across the Island.

From this place, we commenced our journey on foot across the interior. For about four miles, the country was stony and barren; we then came to a fertile region, presenting a very beautiful landscape, upon which grew the taro, banana, and sugar-cane in abundance. At 12 o'clock, we arrived at the table-land, and beheld the ocean on the north-eastern side of the island.

Having passed the table-land, we found the land intersected with deep ravines, whose sides are covered with the bread-fruit and kukui; the former so useful in furnishing food for man, and the latter celebrated for the oil-nut, that furnishes, at the same time, a brilliant light and a fragrant odour. At the bottom of many of these ravines, are brooks and water falls, which irrigate, on their way to the ocean, numerous beds of taro. The dwelling houses and farms are thickly scattered over this most fertile region, from the sea-shore on the north, to the summit of the interior, presenting a more numerous population, than perhaps any other part of the island of the same extent. Arrived at 3 P. M. at Honopuea, where we put up for the night, being prevented from proceeding by the rain. The people of the plains brought us pigs, potatoes and fowls, for our refreshment.

17. Previous notice having been given, the people assembled in the morning, to the number of 200, when I preached to them. Though the house was the largest in the place, yet many went away for want of room. Proceeded one mile to Kapaao, where the people assembled immediately, in a schoolroom lately erected. Here I preached again, and as it was rainy when I closed, I requested Puna to address them also, which he did, with much propriety and solemnity, while a crowded audience listened attentively to the discourse. We had, afterwards, some pleasant conversation with Walawala, a chief woman of distinction residing at this place, who seems desirous to avail Kerself of the benefit of that light, which begins to shine around. But, as she expresses it, "it remains still dark within?"

At 11, passed on to the eastward. The roads were slippery, in consequence of the rain, and we experienced several falls, in passing the ravines which crossed our path. Their depth, I should think, is, on an average, about 300 feet. Towards night arrived at Pololu, a deep valley, under good cultivation, and, except towards the sea, surrounded by mountains. Put up with Kanae, the proprietor, who is one of the teachers lately from Kairua. Spent part of the evening in religious exercises with the people of this place.

Sabbath, 18. Preached, morning and evening, to a large congregation assembled in the open air. Was much encouraged by the attention and orderly conduct of my hearers. Afterwards spent some sweet hours in private meditation, as I walked out to a shady grove, that skirted the border of the valley. The rugged and lofty mountain scenery, which enclosed me, save on the side washed by the ceaseless waves of the sea, shut out the world, and led me to adore the mighty hand of him, who "weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance."

In the evening I learned some of the traditions concerning this valley. It is reported, in the traditionary history of the island, to have been, originally, the residence of Oakea and Opapa, the god and goddess who made Hawaii and the other islands of the group. The story relates, that they were produced in the order in which they stand to each other; viz. Hawaii, the elder sister, Maui, the second, and so of the rest. After Opapa had produced the islands, men were also created. The first man that was made, stood erect indeed, but motionless, with jointless arms connected to his body by a web of skin, and legs joined together in the same manner. Maui, another deity, enraged at this motionless and helpless statue, broke his legs at the ancle and knee, and tearing his arms from the web that connected them to his body, broke them at the elbow and shoulder, and thus formed the joints of his limbs.

But as yet he had neither fingers nor toes. Hunger impelled him to seek for food in the mountains, where his toes were cut out by the brambles in climbing; and his fingers were formed by the sharp splinters of the bamboo, while reaching with his arms for food in the ground. By these fortuitous circumstances, the human frame was perfected.

19. Owing to the high and impassable mountains between this place and Waipio, which here terminate in lofty and abrupt cliffs overhanging the sea,

I found it impossible to proceed along ||
the shore; and not being able to pro-
cure a canoe of sufficient capacity to
afford us a safe passage by water, we
resolved to retrace our steps, in part,
and proceed through the interior to
Waimea, and from thence descend
towards Hamakua. In order to shorten
our route, we ascended the mountain
that encloses the valley, by an unfre-
quented path; but it proved extremely
laborious and difficult. We were
obliged to crawl on our hands and
knees, holding fast by the long grass,
and every few minutes were compelled
to stop and breathe, but did not dare to
let go our hold, lest our feet should slide
from beneath, and precipitate us into
the abyss. After more than an hour of
hard toil and anxious fear, we arrived
at the top, where we threw ourselves
down upon the grass, panting for
breath, and spent with fatigue. Hav-
ing quenched our thirst at a rill, which
murmured by, and tumbled down the
precipice, we ascended towards the
interior. In a few hours we arrived at
a level and fertile region, extending
along the foot of the mountains on our
left, around whose summits the clouds
were wheeling in the wind, and drop-
ping in showers. On the right, an open
and cultivated country spread its lawns
before us, and invited to repose. We
passed through several hamlets, where
schools were established. In three of
these places, I had the satisfaction to
preach the Gospel to numbers, who
never before had heard it. I likewise
received several presents of fowls, po-
tatoes, &c. for the refreshment of our
company. Night overtook us among
the mountains, but by the light of the
moon, we could discover our path
among the rocks and bushes, where,
after travelling until 8 o'clock, in hopes
of finding a habitation, we concluded to
pass the night in a cave, on the border
of a ravine called Luahine. We then
collected grass for our couch, and built
a fire to roast a fowl for supper. Hav-
ing committed ourselves to the care of
the Almighty, we spread down our
mats and slept.

20. Arose early and proceeded. Reached Waimea about 9 o'clock, A. M. This is a high inland valley, lying in the interior, between the highlands of Kohala on the N. W. and Mauna Kea on on the S. E., opening towards the sea on the N. E. and S. W. It is well watered, and has a considerable population. A school has recently been commenced here by Mawae, one of our late pupils. At this place we breakfasted, after which I preached to the people in the open air, there being no

house suitable for the purpose in the place. At 11, we began to descend towards the sea on the north, when we entered a long and tedious forest, many miles in width, and rendered almost impassable by the late rains, which have formed a continual succession of muddy pools and slippery declivities. At about 3 P. M., we emerged into the open country, and arrived at Kapulena, in Hamakua, about sunset, having made a circuit of more than 50 miles yesterday and to-day. We are, however, in full sight of the point, from which we started, it being only a few miles to the west of us on the shore. Late in the evening, a part of our company arrived from Waipio, whither they went, the week before, from Towaihae, to await our arrival. I regret the necessity which compelled me to pass by this populous and fertile valley, especially, as I am told the people had made preparations for our visit, and were much disappointed in not seeing us.

21. Preached this morning to about 200 people, assembled on the green in front of the house where I lodged. After breakfast we continued our journey on the upper route, about four miles above the sea, to avoid the deep ravines that intersect the path along the shore, at almost every half mile. The surface of the land is an inclined plane, descending to the north from the foot of Mauna Kea, and terminating at the sea in bold rocky cliffs of 200 or 300 feet in height. Though a highly fertile country, it is thinly peopled. Spent the night at the house of a farmer.

22. Passed the line, which separates Hamakua from Hiro. Here was pointed out to me the place where once stood an altar of superstition, which was now overturned, and the place overgrown with grass. Two years ago when we passed this way, it was standing; but some native, jealous for the honor of the new religion, threw down the images, and scattered the stones, and soon all remembrance of it will pass into oblivion.*

* The visit of Mr, Ellis and his companions to this is thus described in the "Journal of the Tour around Hawaii," p. 194.

valley, two years before, to which Mr. Bishop alludes,

About 10 A. M. we reached the valley of Kaura, which separates the division of Hiro and Hamakua. On descending to the bottom of it, we reached a heiau, dedicated to Pele, with several rude stone idols, wrapped up in a white and yellow cloth, standing in the midst of it. A number of wreaths of flowers, pieces of sugar-cane, and other presents, some of which were not yet faded, lay strewed around, and we were told, that every passing traveller left a trifling present be fore them. Once in a year, we were also informed, the inhabitants of Hamakua brought large gifts of hogs, dogs, and fruits, when the priests and kahu of Pele assembled to perform certain rights and enjoy the feast. This annual feast, we were told, was designed to propitiate the volcanic goddess, and secure

Crossed seven or eight defiles, steep and slippery, and arrived at Laupahoehoe, at 2 P. M. weary and lame.

The wind being calm, and the sea smoother than usual on this windward shore, I hired a canoe to take me to Waiakea, 39 miles distant, but it not being in readiness to set off this evening, we lay down to rest. At 11 o' clock we were awakened. I took Puna and one of my boys, to assist in rowing, and left the remainder of the company to follow by land. The canoe was small, and the outrigger so light, that we were apprehensive of being overturned into We were preserved from this dangerous accident only by the right balancing of our bodies, as the canoe rolled upon each swell, and by bailing out the water as often as it dashed in. The cold wind from the land, soon drove me to the oar to keep myself from chilling, where I labored incessantly all night, and at day break, we found ourselves just at the entrance of the bay.

the sea.

At Byron's Bay.

Byron's Bay, Dec. 23. Arrived at the house of Mr. Goodrich, just after sunrise, cold and wet by the sea. Found Mr. Goodrich and family in health, and just removed into their new thatched house, built by order of Kaahumanu. It stands on the west side of the bay, about 30 rods from the beach, on a piece of land lately granted him by the government. It is pleasant, indeed, after many days of travel and fatigue among the heathen, over mountains and vallies, exposed to storms by day and vermin by night, to repose once more in the bosom of friendship and Christian society, and enjoy sweet fellowship with those, from whom we have long been separated. Such pleasure I am permitted this day to participate.

their country from earthquakes and inundations of lava.

We ventured to deviate from the custom of travellers in general. Yet, though we presented no offerings, we did not go and pull down the heiau, and irritate the people by destroying their idols; but entered into conversation with them on the folly of worshipping such senseless things, and pointed out the more excellent way of propitiating the favor of Jehovah the true God with sacrifices of thanksgiving and praise, and placing all their hopes in his mercy. They took what we said in very good part, and answered, that though the stones could not save them, the being, whom they represented, or in honor of whom they were erected, was very powerful, and capable of devouring their land and destroying the people. This we denied, and told them that volcanoes and all their powers were under the control of that God, whom we wished them to choose for their God and Saviour. After a drawing had been taken of this beautifui valley, we resumed our journey."

The natural effect of the increase of light among the people, is described above by Mr. Bishop.-Ed.

Sabbath 25. Preached morning and evening at the usual place of worship. The house was filled, and good attention paid in general to the word. But it is to be regretted, that no better example is set, and, in general, no more countenance given to religious things, by Koahou, the principal chief at this place. He still retains three wives, and revels in all the abominations of heathenism, while neither he, or his people, are often at church. Such an example, from a principal chief, has a pernicious effect upon the common people, and accordingly, there are found more open opposers among the natives at this, than at any other station. there is much to encourage to persevering effort. Schools are multiplying, and knowledge is increased. There are several, who meet regularly for social prayer, and a few individuals give hopeful evidence of piety.

Still

28. Preached this evening at the meeting-house. The temperature of the atmosphere on this side of the island is many degrees below what it is, at the same elevation, on the leeward, at Kairua. This morning the mercury of Fahrenheit stood at 61° at sun rise. and we find it necessary to kindle a fire in the house, both morning and evening. During the day, there is a mildness and serenity in the air, calculated to exhilarate the animal frame, beyond what I have experienced in any other place. It nearly resembles the early part of September, in the New-England states. This difference of the temperature, is probably owing to the prevalence of the trade-winds by day, and the vicinity of snow on the adjoining mountains, from whence the evening breeze ordinarily blows.

31. The new church being completed, we assembled this evening at 3 o'clock, solemnly to consecrate it to the worship of Almighty God. The building is 96 feet by 30, and was very well filled on this occasion.

ence.

Sabbath, Jan. 1, 1826. Preached morning and evening, to a large audiWe are now confirmed in our former expectations, that by enlarging the place of worship, there would be a proportionate increase of the number of hearers. But the scattered state of the population is a difficulty, under which this station labors; for, though it is a highly populous region, there are no compact villages, like that at Honouru, and other missionary stations. In the afternoon, the members of the mission united around the table of our Lord. The season was a profitable one, wherein we recalled to mind the great mercy manifested during the past

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