་ of serpents; npíov, beast, being a name often given to a viper (Acts xxviii. 5). Sir Thomas More speaks of miracles being 'a treacle against heresies;' and Piers Plowman speaks of love as being 'treacle for sin.' Tribulation meant originally threshing.' The Romans used an instrument called tribulum for threshing or rolling the cornstalks, so as to separate the corn from the husks. Used metaphorically, the word denotes a crushing sorrow or affliction. The word affliction is itself metaphorical, and denoted originally a blow or striking. Trivial, common, paltry, unimport ant. This word is derived from Lat. trivialis, an Adjective from trivia (pl.), a place where three roads meet. The corners of the road being admirably suited for gossiping places, the epithet trivial came to be applied to trite or common-place subjects, such as are usually discussed in public. Umbrage (Fr. ombrage) means (1) shade, (2) suspicion of injury. It is connected with the Lat. umbra. The proper sense is 'shadow.' The word thence came to mean 'a shadow of suspicion,' but in a metaphorical sense it denotes 'suspicion of injury,' whence the phrase 'to take umbrage.' Umbrageous, in old writers, frequently stands for 'suspicious.' Verdigris or verdigrease, the rust of brass or copper. From Fr. vert-de-gris, a corruption of Low Lat. viride aris, the green of brass. Vermin means any small obnoxious insect or animal, and is from an Victuals comes from the Old French vitaille, itself from the Lat. victualia (plur.). Victualis is an Adj. from victus, as (vivo). The Mid. English form vitaille appears in Chaucer. The c has been added from forgetfulness of the French origin. Vouchsafe, from Lat. vocare salvum, to promise as safe, through the Norman French vochier - salf, hence to guarantee or grant. Wassail, a carouse. Wassail represents the A. S. words was hæl, be of good health, or be hale; a phrase used at a drinking bout of our Saxon forefathers. Many absurd derivations of this word have been suggested, such as 'wax-hale' and wish-hale.' Water-wagtail is perhaps a corruption of 'wattie wagtail,' a similar expression to robin red. breast.' Wattie is the diminutive of Walter. Walnut has no connection with 'wall.' It comes from A.S. wealh hnut, which means 'the foreign nut.' Most likely the hazel-nut is indigenous, and the walnut of later introduction. Walrus, a Scandinavian word (Swed. vall-ross, or Dan. hval-ros) meaning 'whale - horse.' The name is very old, for ross (horse) is no longer in use in Danish or Swedish. The A.S. equivalent was hors-hwal. Wilderness, a wild or waste place. Wilderness is a contraction of wild-deer-en-ness; ness being added to the Adjective wild-deeren, of or belonging to wild deer, i.e. wild beasts (A.S. wild-debr). William, a Saxon proper name. When one of the ancient Germans had slain a Roman, the gilt helmet of the latter was placed on the head of the conqueror, who was known henceforward as gildhelme. The name became in Lat. Gulielmus, in Fr. Guildhaume and (afterwards) Guillaume, and in English William. Wiseacre, from German weis-sager, a soothsayer. Witch-elm should be spelt wych elm, i.e. the drooping elm. The word has no connection, real or fancied, with witchcraft. Woman, from A.S. wif-man, literally 'wife-man.' Man was at one time of both genders. The suc cessive spellings of this word are -wif-man, wif-mon, wim-man, wim-mon, wum-man, wum-mon, wom-man, and lastly woman. A similar change has taken place in the word leman. This comes from leaf-mon, from leef, dear, and manu, a man or woman. INDEXES. PARTS I., II., AND III. INDEX OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES. (The numbers refer to pages.) ABBOTT, DR., 65, 74, 78, 228, 337, 375. Abbreviation Marks, 440, 445. Absolute Case, 262, 276, 333. Verb, 113. Accidence, 2. Accusative Case, 38, 114, 200, 201, Adams, Dr., 61, 65. Adjective, 3, 7, 79-108, 302-317, 424. as Nouns, 82, 308, 309. declinable, 303. inflection of, 96. questions on, 79, 312. versus Adverb, 82, 83, 352, 353. Adverb, 3, 8, 197, 199, 424. as Noun, 354, 356. formation of, 199-205, 208, 352. position of, 351. questions on, 196, 360. Adverbial Genitive, 267, 268. 307. Object, 42, 116, 269, 272, 273. Phrases, 210, 211. Relation, 391, 392, 393. examples of, 405-415. rules for, 402, 403, 404, 407. Anti-climax, 448. Antithesis, 446, 447. Aphaeresis, 3, 441. Apocope, 3. Apostrophe, 440, 44, 446, 452. Asyndeton, 3. Attributive Relation, 390. Auxiliary Verb, 112, 176-194, 336- Bad Grammar, examples of, 426, 402. Correlatives (Nouns), 19, 21. (Conjunctions), 252. DANIEL CANON, 135 (and many hints regarding arrangement). Dash, 440, 445. Dative Absolute, 275, 276. Case, 38, 42, 44, 62, 126, 200, Days of Week, 41. Decay of Verbal Inflections, 173. Declensions, 25, 38, 49, 50. Defective Verbs, 113, 176. Definite Numerals, 87, 90, 91. Verbs, 113. Degrees of Adjectives, 97-107, 303- Imperative Mood, 121, 123, 324, 33. Impersonal Verbs, 113, 174, 175. Numerals, 91, 94. Verbs, 113. Indicative Mood, 121, 122. Inflection, ro, 16, 41, 96, 97, 98, 99, Inflections of Verb in Chaucer, 161. Interjection, 3, 9, 255, 404, 424. classification of, 256. Note, 440, 444. Passives, 175 Nominative Absolute, 45, 46, 261. Case, 37-39, 43, 260–263. Nominative of Address, 44, 263, 273. Note of Exclamation, 440, 444. Abstract, 13, 15. Common, 13, 14. Concrete, 13, 15. Endings in Anglo-Saxon, 48. Equivalents, 12. Group, 7. Proper, 13, 14. questions on, 11, 276. Nounal Adverbs, 66. Nouns, classification of, 13. Collective, 25, 33, 318. |