CHAPTER V.

DESCRIPTION OF JERUSALEM.

Pilgrimages to the Holy Land-Arculfus-Willibald-Bernard-

Effect of Crusades-William de Bouldesell-Bertrandon de la Bro-

quiere-State of Damascus-Breidenbach-Baumgarten-Bar-

tholemeo Georgewitz-Aldersey-Sandys-Doubdan-Cheron-

Thevenot-Gonzales-Morison-Maundrell-Pococke-Road

from Jaffa to Jerusalem-Plain of Sharon-Rama or Ramla-

Condition of the Peasantry-Vale of Jeremiah-Jerusalem-

Remark of Chateaubriand-Impressions of different Travellers-

Dr Clarke-Tasso-Volney-Henniker-Mosque of Omar de-

scribed Mysterious Stone Church of Holy Sepulchre-Cere-

monies of Good Friday-Easter-The Sacred Fire-Grounds for

Scepticism-Folly of the Priests-Emotion upon entering the

Holy Tomb Description of Chateaubriand-Holy Places in City

-On Mount Zion-Pool of Siloam-Fountain of the Virgin-

Valley of Jehoshaphat-Mount of Offence-The Tombs of Zecha-

riah, of Jehoshaphat, and of Absalom-Jewish Architecture-Dr

Clarke's Opinion on the Topography of Ancient Jerusalem-Op-

posed by other Writers--The Inexpediency of such Discus-

sions,..........

Page 150

CHAPTER VI.

DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY SOUTH AND EAST OF

JERUSALEM.

Garden of Gethsemane-Tomb of Virgin Mary-Grottos on Mount

of Olives-View of the City-Extent and Boundaries_View of

Bethany and Dead Sea-Bethlehem-Convent-Church of the

Nativity Described-Paintings-Music-Population of Bethle-

hem-Pools of Solomon-Dwelling of Simon the Leper-Of Mary

Magdalene-Tower of Simeon-Tomb of Rachel-Convent of St

John-Fine Church-Tekoa-Bethulia-Hebron-Sepulchre of

Patriarchs-Al-baid-Kerek-Extremity of Dead Sea-Disco-

veries of Banks, Legh, Irby, and Mangles-Convent of St Saba

-Valley of Jordan-Mountains-Description of Lake Asphal-

tites-Remains of Ancient Cities in its Basin-Quality of its

Waters-Apples of Sodom-Tacitus, Seetzen, Hasselquist, Cha-

teaubriand-Width of River Jordan-Jericho Village of Rihhah

-Balsam-Fountain of Elisha_Mount of Temptation-Place of

Blood-Anecdote of Sir F. Henniker-Fountain of the Apostles

-Return to Jerusalem-Markets-Costume-Science-Arts-

Language-Jews-Present Condition of that People,... Page 215

CHAPTER VII.

DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY NORTHWARD OF

JERUSALEM.

Grotto of Jeremiah-Sepulchres of the Kings-Singular Doors—

Village of Leban-Jacob's Well-Valley of Shechem-Nablous

-Samaritans-Sebaste-Jennin-Gilead-Geraza or Djerash-

Description of Ruins-Gergasha of the Hebrews-Rich Scenery

of Gilead-River Jabbok-Souf-Ruins of Gamala-Magnificent

Theatre Gadara-Capernaum or Talhewm-Sea of Galilee

Bethsaida and Chorazin-Tarachea-Sumuk-Tiberias-De-

scription of modern Town-House of St Peter-Baths-Univer-

sity-Mount Tor or Tabor-Description by Pococke, Maundrell,

Burckhardt, and Doubdan-View from the Top-Great Plain—

Nazareth-Church of Annunciation-Workshop of Joseph-

Mount of Precipitation-Table of Christ-Cana or Kefer Kenna-

Water-pots of Stone-Saphet or Szaffad-University-French-

Sidney Smith-Dan-Sepphoris-Church of St Anne-Descrip-

tion by Dr Clarke-Vale of Zabulon-Vicinity of Acre,.........268

CHAPTER VIII.

THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE FROM THE FALL OF JERUSA-

LEM TO THE PRESENT TIME.

State of Judea after Fall of Jerusalem-Revolt under Trajan-

Barcochab-Adrian repairs Jerusalem-Schools at Babylon and

Tiberias-The Attempt of Julian to rebuild the Temple-Inva-

sion of Chosroes-Sack of Jerusalem-Rise of Islamism-Wars

of the Caliphs-First Crusade-Jerusalem delivered-Policy of

Crusades-Victory at Ascalon_Baldwin King-Second Crusade

-Saladin-His Success at Tiberias-He recovers Jerusalem-

The Third Crusade-Richard Cœur de Lion-Siege and Capture

of Acre-Plans of Richard-His Return to Europe-Death of

Saladin Fourth Crusade-Battle of Jaffa-Fifth Crusade_Fall

of Constantinople-Sixth Crusade-Damietta taken-Reverses—

Frederick the Second made King of Jerusalem-Seventh Crusade

-Christians admitted into the Holy City-Inroad of Karismians

-Eighth Crusade under Louis IX. He takes Damietta-His

Losses and Return to Europe-Ninth Crusade-Louis IX. and

Edward I.-Death of Louis-Successes of Edward-Treaty with

Sultan-Final Discomfiture of the Franks in Palestine, and Loss

of Acre-State of Palestine under the Turks-Increased Tolera-

tion-Bonaparte invades Syria-Siege of Acre and Defeat of

French-Actual State of the Holy Land-Number, Condition,

and Character of the Jews,

Page 330

CHAPTER IX.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PALESTINE.

Travellers too much neglect Natural History-Maundrell, Hassel-

quist, Clarke-GEOLOGY-Syrian Chain-Libanus-Calcareous

Rocks-Granite-Trap-Volcanic Remains-Chalk-Marine

Exuvia Precious Stones-METEOROLOGY-Climate of Pales-
tine-Winds-Thunder-Clouds-Waterspouts-Ignis Fatuus
-ZOOLOGY-Scripture Animals-The Hart-The Roebuck-
Fallow-deer-Wild-goat-Pygarg-Wild-ox-Chamois-Uni-
corn-Wild-ass-Wild-goats of the Rock-Saphan, or Coney-
Mouse-Porcupine-Jerboa-Mole-Bat-BIRDS—Eagle-
Ossifrage-Ospray-Vulture— Kite - Raven-Owl-Night-
hawk-Cuckoo-Hawk-Little Owl-Cormorant-Great Owl-
Swan-Pelican-Gier Eagle-Stork-Heron-Lapwing-Hoo-
poe-AMPHIBIA AND REPTILES-Serpents known to the He-
brews-Ephe-Chephir-Acshub-Pethen-Tzeboa-Tzim-
maon- -Tzepho-Kippos-Shephiphon-Shachal-Saraph, the
Flying-serpent-Cockatrice' Eggs—The Scorpion-Sea-monsters,
or Seals FRUITS AND PLANTS-Vegetable Productions of
Palestine The Fig-tree-Palm-Olive-Cedars of Libanus-
Wild-grapes-Balsam of Aaron-Thorn of Christ,...... Page 409

ENGRAVINGS.

MAP of Palestine,............................

To face the Vignette.

VIGNETTE-Part of Jerusalem, with the Church of the Holy Se

pulchre.

View of Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives,............... Page 169

Sea of Galilee, Town of Tiberias, and Baths of Emmaus,.........298

Mount Tabor,...........

.306