the subjects (a), (b), and (c) are admitted to the second examination. A total of 60 per cent on the entire examination is required to pass successfully. The subject-matter in the greatest detail, included in the examination for entrance to the Ponts et Chaussées, together with all technical and legal requirements, are given fully in "Reglement et Programme des concours pour l'admission des Ingenieurs des Ponts et Chaussées," filed in the U. S. Engineer School Library, No. 620.7 G. 312.1.

EXAMINATION FOR CONDUCTORS.

The examination for entrance to the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées as a conductor covers the following subjects:

e. Civil architecture and a technical knowledge of the elementary professions

f. Civil engineering construction:

1. Theory

2. Project

g. Topography:

1. Theory

2. Practical work

h. Drawing

i. The Flemish language (required in certain special cases; apparently a requisite). No weight assigned.

12

14

18

8

18

8

The above-mentioned subjects are given the weight set opposite each.

The examination is divided into two parts, one written and the other practical. The written examination is further divided into two parts, the first of which covers the subjects (a), (b), and (c). Any candidate who receives less than 60 per cent on (a) and 50 per cent on (b) and (c) is not admitted to the second examination. The second written examination covers the subjects (d), (e), (f1), (f), (g,) and (h); and the practical examination covers (g). Any candidate who does not receive at least 50 per cent on each of these subjects and at least 60 per cent of the total for the written examinations is not allowed to take the practical examination in topography (g).

No candidate is admitted on probation unless, in addition to the foregoing requirements, he has obtained at least 50 per cent on

g) and 60 per cent of the total for all three examinations. The candidates who successfully pass the above-mentioned examinations are required, if necessary, to take a special examination % show their knowledge of the Flemish language. The subject-matte covered in these examinations is shown in every detail in the "Ca cours pour le recruitement des Conducteurs," in the library of the Engineer School, No. 620.7 G 312.2.

PROBATIONAL APPOINTMENTS,

The desired number of candidates for both engineer and enductor who pass a satisfactory examination on the prescribed sule jects are appointed on probation in the corps: and their probationa. appointments are not made permanent until they have served for at least one year. They are, respectively, probationers as engineers of the third class and conductors of the third class. In case the report on a man at the end of the probational period is satisfactory, he becomes a permanent appointee as engineer or conductor of the third class. If the report is unfavorable in the case of the engi neer he is relieved, if it is unsatisfactory in the case of the conductor he may be relieved definitely, or he may be allowed to go back to the position of inspector or clerk that he previously held, or he may be allowed to serve a longer time on probation. A conductor's salary while on probation is 2,000 franes a year.

From the foregoing it will be seen that one of the principal requirements for entrance to the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées is a degree or diploma showing that the candidate has pursued certain courses of instruction in engineering.

DIFFERENCES IN ENGINEERING DEGREES.

Legal Grade" and "Scientific Grade."

There are two grades of civil engineers in Belgium, one is known as engineer of civil construction, legal grade; and the other as civil engineer, scientific grade. The requirements for the former are slightly higher in all respects than for the latter; and the former, which will hereafter be referred to as the "legal grade," is the only class that is eligible for entrance to the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées The conditions for these degrees or diplomas are regulated by the state so as to be uniform throughout Belgium, and the principal schools in Belgium granting them are the Polytechnic School of Brussels, the University of Louvain, and the University