"dom and Glory. All which have no Re<lation to Adam's Sin, or its Confequences upon us."

NOTHING more, I think, wants to be explained in this Paffage but that Expreffion, ver. 12. And fo death passed upon all men, for that all have finned, namely, in Adam: For the Apostle doth not here intend to affirm, That Death paffed upon all Men, by their own Sins. The whole of his Difcourfe plainly fhews that he understood and believed, that Death came upon Mankind by Adam's ONE Offence. And he fets himself directly to prove it, ver. 13, 14. as I have fhewn before. Death therefore must be understood to have paffed upon all Mankind, not for that they all have finned really, properly, and perfonally But they have finned, are made Sinners, are fubjected to Death, through the ONE OFFENCE of ONE MAN, that is, of Adam.

THEREFORE the Apoftle's Argument conftrains us to take thefe Words, For that all have finned, in the fame, or nearly the fame, Senfe with those, Are made Sinners, ver. 19.

INDEED, the Words in the Greek are not without Difficulty *. But that Difficulty can E 2

be

* Και έτως εις παντας ανθρωπος ο θανατο διήλθεν, Ἐφ wavles nuaslov. Here the Particle w [which] refers, according to the Rules of Grammar, to Javal, [Death]

the

be no Objection against the clear and evident Scope of the whole Difcourfe. On the contrary, the clear and evident Scope of the whole Difcourfe should determine what is obfcure and uncertain in any one particular Phrase, and leave us perfuaded, that fuch particular Phrafe, could we hit upon its true Senfe, would appear in Signification to agree perfectly with the Drift of the whole Argu

A

ment.

the next Subftantive going before, that it can agree with; and the Prepofition 71, when conftrued with a Dative Cafe, as it is here, fignifieth, among other Things, [to, unto.] As Gal. v. 13. Ephef. ii. 10. 1 Thef. iv. 7. 2 Tim. ii. 14. E' doğa, the Way to Fame, Lucian. KanspεT! Twdavalw, a Criminal unto Death, reus mortis. Demofth. En lavara ovλλabe, ad necem rapere. foc. Exι bavara pрsprμevo, ad necem cuftoditi. Plut. Accordingly what we render FOR THAT all have finned, thould rather have been, UNTO WHICH [Death]all have finned. And I know fometimes feems to be used abfolutely, without any Antecedent, and then it may be understood conditionally, as 2 Cor. v. 4. For we that are in this Tabernacle do groan, being burdened: cow & choper with this Restriction or Provifo, or so far, that we would not be UNCLOTHED, [no, that is not the only, or ultimate Object of our Defire] but CLOTHED upon. But where there is an Antecedent expreffed or underftood, it agrees with it; as Mar. ii. 4. They fet down the bed tow wherein, i. e. on which bed, the fick of the palfy lay. See Matt. xxvi. 50. Luke v. So here; Death pafled upon all Men o' unto which Death, or as far as which Death, all have finned in Adam.

25.

THIS furely is right. And that [all have finned] fhould fignify [are made Sinners, or Sufferers] will not feem fo very ffrange, if we confider, that the Apoftle, in other Parts of this Paragraph, evidently speaks in the Hebrew Dialect: and poffibly here may have his Eye

upon

ment. Seeing then the Phrafe [all are made Sinners, ver. 19.] hath been demonstrated to fignify, all are fubjected to Death by the judicial Act of God; and feeing the Apoftle's whole Argument turns upon this Point, That all Men die, not thro' their own Sins, but thro' the one Offence of Adam, who can doubt

but

upon the Hebrew Words which fignifies both to be guilty, and to be laid wafte, deftroyed, made defolate, Prov. xxx. 10.-left he curfe thee own and thou be found guilty. The Septuagint render it agains, and thou perish, or be deftroyed. Pfal. v. 10. DONT deftroy thou them, Marg. make them guilty. Pfal. xxxiv. 21. They that hate the righteous fhall be defolate; Marg fhall be guilty. Ezek. vi. 6. The high places napin may be laid waste, demolished. Thefe Inftances, with several others, fhew, that to perish, to be destroyed, demolished, are in Hebrew expreffed by a Word, which originally and properly fignifieth to be guilty. And what if the Apoftle chofe to exprefs Mankind's being demolished or destroyed by Death, by a Greek Word which alfo denoteth Sin or Guilt: efpecially confidering that the Septuagint Verfion (which the Writers of the New Teftament generally follow) fometimes renders D by auaplava, the Word which the Apoftle here useth. Lev. v. 4. DUNI auapln, then he shall be guilty. And twice in 2 Chron. xix. 10.. -Ifai. xxiv. 6. They that dwell therein naglooar, are defolate, are guilty. Gen. xlii. 21. Dus & apaρlia soμer, we are guilty, are in Sin, are Sufferers, i. e. we are in this Distress, upon account of our Brother, &c. And poffibly, by this laft, the Apoftolic Phrafe may be refolved, thus; aules ημερίσω, h. e. εν αμαξια εισιν. Thus the Hebrew way of fpeaking feems to confirm what we may truly and certainly collect from the whole Scope of the Apoftle's Argument, namely, That [all have finned] is the fame, or nearly the fame, in fignification with [all are made Sinners. If there is any Difference, perhaps it lieth

but the Words, for that all have finned, muft be understood in a like Senfe to thofe, all are made Sinners, however the particular manner of expreffion be accounted for? And should we render the Words thus; And fo Death paffed upon all Men, unto which all have finned: and explain them thus; Death paffed upon all Men, as far even as which + all men are guilty, are under Sin, are in a State of Suffering, are laid wafte, in Confequence of Adan's one Offence, I am inclined to believe we should not be far wide of the Apostle's true Intention.

THUS,

in this, That, by [all have finned] the Apostle expreffeth the State of Suffering, into which Mankind are brought, in the general Notion of it. For in the 12th Verse he confiders the Entrance of Death into the World, in a general Way, and no further than it is the Confequence of the Sin of one Man. But when he is entered fully into his Argument, he faith, all are made Sinners, which, befides the Sin of Adam, includeth this further Thought, that we are in a State of fuffering, or fubject to Death, by the Sentence and judicial Act of the Lawgiver. And with this Diftinction, the Hebrew Words, which fignifieth Guilt, or Suffering in general; and, which fignifieth being made guilty, or a Sufferer, by the Sentence of the Judge, do very well agree.

+ ΕΦ Ω παιες ημαρίου. I frongly fufpect, εξ ω ftands here under a particular Emphafis, as denoting the terminus ad quem, or the utmoft Length of the Confequences of Adam's Sin. Unto which, AS FAR EVEN AS WHICH all [nuaslov, or ev aμasta egir] are under Sin, or in a State of fuffering: As if he had faid, SO FAR have the Confequences of Adam's Sin extended, and fpread their Influence amongst Mankind, introducing not only a

Curfe,

We

THUS, upon the whole, it feemeth to me, we have got the true Senfe of this Place, fo far at least as relateth to the Affair in hand. have hitherto taken the Parts separately the Harmony and Force of the whole will beft be feen in the following Paraphrafe.

12. IN relation to which 12. Wherefore, as Affair of our Reconcilia- by one man fin enter'd

tion

Curfe upon the Earth, and Sorrow and Toil upon its Inhabitants, but even DEATH, UNIVERSAL DEATH in every Part, and in all Ages of the World. Thus the Particle 7 will here stand in nearly the fame Sense as > in that Claufe, 2 Chron. xxviii, 13. as min For by unto, or, as far as the guilt of the Lord is upon us. i. e. We are in a great Degree of Guilt.

NOR is this the only Place where a feems to bear a like Senfe: See Phil. iii. 12. If that I may apprehend that sow for which alfo I am apprehended of Jefus Chrift. It might be rendered thus; That I may apprehend fo far as that for which also I am apprehended, &c. As if he had faid, That I may lay hold of Happiness, even in that high and excellent Senfe, that furtheft Reach and Extent, for the attaining of which Jefus Chrift hath laid hold of me, in calling me not only to the Faith of the Gospel, but moreover to the highest and most honourable Office of an Apoftle. And again, Phil. iv. 10. But I rejoiced in the Lord greatly, that now at the laft your Care of me hath flourished again, eg w wherein, as far as which, ye were alfo careful, but ye lacked opportunity. The Apoftle was glad to find the kind and friendly Sentiments of the Philippians towards him in a flourifhing State, a eppovele, in which most happy and comfortable Degree of Kindnefs and Love I am fenfible, faith he, ye did regard me before you fent the Prefent by ·Epaphroditus (ver. 18.) only you wanted Opportunity to exprefs it.

* So Sia 7870 frequently fignifieth; as Mat. vi. 25.-xiii. 13, 52. [in this 52d Verse it is taken

xii. 31.

E 4