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and blood of Jesus Christ!!*

This doctrine was first advanced among the Latins in the tenth cen

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* Mosheim gives the following account of the doctrine of Transubstantiation: "It will not appear surprising that the bread, consecrated in the sacrament of the Lord's supper, became the object of religious worship: for this was the natural consequence of the monstrous doctrine of Transubstantiation. But the effects of that impious and ridiculous doctrine did not end here; it produced all that train of ceremonies and institutions that are still used in the church of Rome in honour of that deified bread as they blasphemously call it. Hence those rich and splendid receptacles that were formed for the residence of God under this new shape, and the lamps and other precious or naments that were designed to beautify this habitation of the Deity. And hence the custom that still prevails, of carrying about this divine bread in solemn pomp through the public streets, when it is to be administered to sick or dying persons, with many other ceremonies of a like nature, which are dishonourable to religion, and opprobrious to humanity. But that which gave the finishing touch to this heap of absurdities, and displayed superstition in its highest extravagance, was the insti tution of the celebrated annual Festival of the Holy Sacrament, or, as it is sometimes called, of the body of Christ, whose origin was as follows: A certain devout woman, whose name was Juliana, and who lived at Liege, declared that she had received a revelation from heaven intimating to her, that it was the will of God, that a peculiar festival should be annually observed in honour of the holy sacrament, or rather of the real presence of Christ's body in that sacred institution. Few gave attention or credit to this pretended vision, whose circumstances were ex, tremely equivocal and absurd, and which would have come to nothing, had it not been supported by Robert, bishop of Liege, who, in the year 1246, published an order for the celebration of this festival throughout the whole province, notwithstanding, the

tury by Paschasius Radbertus, abbot of Corbie in France; and met with considerable opposition at first; but was afterwards (1215) fully received, and became an article of the Roman Catholic faith. It is for the pages of ecclesiastical history to record the incredible numbers which have been martyred by the Papists for their non-reception of this most unscriptural and Antichristian doctrine. The Beast also blasphemes "them that dwell in heaven." By heaven is here meant the throne of God, and not the throne of the Beast, because it is against God the Beast blasphemes; for "he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.' This must, therefore, allude to his impious adoration of the saints and angels, whose residence is in heaven. He blasphemes against God by paying

opposition which he knew would be made to a proposal founded only on an idle dream. After the death of Juliana, one of her friends and companions, whose name was Eve, took up her: cause with uncommon zeal, and had credit enough with Urban IV. to engage him to publish, in the year 1264, a solemn edict, by which the festival in question was imposed upon all the Christian churches without exception. This edict, however, did not produce its full and proper effect, on account of the death of the pontiff, which happened soon after its publication; so that the festival under consideration was not celebrated universally throughout the Latin churches before the pontificate of Clement V. who, in the council, held at Vier at Vienne in France, in the year 1311, confirmed the edict of Urban." Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. Cent. XIII. Part II. chap. iv. § 2.

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that adoration to the celestial inhabitants, which alone belongs to God. That this sort of worship has been, and still is, kept up among the Roman Catholics, their mass-book is a sufficient evidence.

"And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations." After what has been already said respecting the Beast, it is no wonder that he is found opposing the true church of Christ, for his doctrines are in total hostility to it. But the Beast could have no power over the saints unless it were given him from heaven; therefore it is said that "it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them." Bishop Newton's comment upon this passage is as follows: "Who can make any computation, or even frame any conception, of the numbers of pious Christians who have fallen a sacrifice to the bigotry and cruelty of Rome? Mede upon the place hath observed from good authorities, that in the war with the Albigenses and Waldenses there perished of these poor creatures in France alone a million. From the first institution of the Jesuits to the year 1480, that is, in little more than thirty years, nine hundred thousand orthodox Christians were slain. In the Netherlands alone the Duke of Alva boasted, that within a few years he had dispatched to the amount of thirty-six thousand souls, and those all by the common executioner.

In the space of scarce thirty years the inquisition *. destroyed by various kinds of torture a hundred and fifty thousand Christians. Sanders himself confesses, that an innumerable multitude of Lollards and Sacramentarians were burnt throughout

* Dupin's account of the Tribunal of the Inquisition is briefly as follows: "There had been already (before the thirteenth century) several instances of heretics condemned to fines, to banishments, to punishments, and even to death itself; but there had never yet been any war proclaimed against them, nor any croisade preached up for the extirpation of them. Innocent III. was the first that proclaimed such a war against the Albigenses and Waldenses, and against Raymond count of Toulouse their protector. War might subdue the heads, and reduce whole bodies of people; but it was not capable of altering the sentiments of particular persons, or of hindering them from teaching their doctrines secretly. Whereupon the pope thought it advisable to set up a tribunal of such persons whose business should be to make inquiry after heretics, and to draw up their processes. For this purpose he made choice of the Dominican and Franciscan friars who were newly established, to whom he gave commission to make an exact inquiry after heretics, and to draw up informations against them. And from hence this tribunal was called The Inquisition. By degrees the authority of those inquisitors increased; and whereas at the first they only drew up the process of heretics, and solicited the ordinary judges to condemn them, they afterwards had the power granted them of trying the crime of heresy conjunctly with the bishops. The emperor Frederic II, approved of this tribunal, took the inqui sitors into his protection, and attributed to the ecclesiastics the taking cognizance of the crime of heresy; leaving only to the secular judges the power of inflicting the punishment of death on those who were condemned. This tribunal of the inquisition was at first set up at Toulouse, and in the other cities of Languedoc, where the heresy of the Albigenses and Waldenses had the

all Europe; who yet, he says, were not put to death by the pope and bishops, but by the civil magistrates." The following extracts from Limborch's History of the Inquisition will be of great service to shew the truly diabolical spirit by which the Papists were influenced in their persecution of those they denominated heretics. "Some of the Valdenses coming into the neighbouring kingdom of Arragon, king Ildefonsus, in the year 1194, put forth against them a very severe and bloody edict, by which he banished them from his kingdom, and all his dominions as enemies of the cross of Christ, profaners of the Christian religion, and public enemies to himself and kingdom.' He adds: "If any, from this day forwards, shall presume to receive into their houses the aforesaid Valdenses and Inzabbati, or other heretics, of whatsoever profession they be, or to hear in any place their abominable preachings, or to give them food, or to do them any kind office whatsoever; let him know, that he shall incur the indignation of Almighty God and ours; that he shall forfeit all his goods, without the benefit of appeal, and be punished as though guilty of high treason, &c. Let it be farther observed, That if any person, of high or low condition, shall find any of the often before-mentioned accursed wretches, in any part of our domi

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deepest rooting. The Popes likewise set it up in Italy, from whence it passed a long time after into Spain; but it was banished France, and could never be introduced into Germany.” Cent: XIII. chap. 10.

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