REFERENCE LIST OF INITIAL LETTERS SHOWING THE AUTHORSHIP OR SOURCE OF QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS. A PROFESSOR ROBERT ADAMSON, Owens College, B = PROFESSOR ALEXANDER BAIN, University of Aberdeen. C D= Dublin University. E = Edinburgh University. PROFESSOR FRASER. H = REV. JOHN HOPPUS, formerly Professor of Logic, &c. in University College, London. I L = India Civil Service Examinations. London University, Second B.A., Second B.Sc., M.A., M = PROFESSOR MOFFAT, Queen's University in Ireland. P = PROFESSOR PARK, Queen's College, Belfast, and Queen's University. R = PROFESSOR CROOM ROBERTSON, University College, London. W WHATELY'S Elements of Logic. CONTENTS. XII-FORMAL AND MATERIAL TRUTH AND FALSITY XIV. PROPOSITIONS AND SYLLOGISMS IN EXTENSION 145 149 XXV.-INDUCTIVE OR INVERSE LOGICAL PROBLEMS XXVI.-ELEMENTS OF NUMERICAL LOGIC. STUDIES IN DEDUCTIVE LOGIC. CHAPTER I. THE DOCTRINE OF TERMS. INTRODUCTION. I. IN accordance with custom, I commence this book of logical studies with the treatment of Terms. Besides being customary, this way of beginning is convenient, because some difficulties which might otherwise be encountered in the treatment of propositions and arguments are cleared out of the way. But the continued study of logic convinces me that this doctrine of terms is really a composite and for the most part extra-logical body of doctrine. It is in fact a survival, derived from the voluminous controversies of the schoolmen. 2. The difficulties of metaphysics, of physics, of grammar, and of logic itself, are entangled together in this part of logical doctrine. Thus, if we take such a term as colour, and endeavour to decide upon its logical characters, we should say that it is categorematic, because it can stand as the subject of a proposition; it is positive, because it implies the presence rather than the absence of qualities. But B |