published fome time, and various anfwers and objections to it had started up from different quarters. In this year, 1744, Mr. Warburton turned his attention to thefe attacks on his favourite work; and defended himfelf in a manner which, if it did not prove him to be poffefed of much humility or diffidence, at leaft demonstrated, that he knew not how to wield the weapons of controverfy with the band of a matter. His first defence Dow appeared under the title of " Re marks on feveral Occafional Reflec “tions; in Answer to the Rev. Dr. "Middleton, Dr. Pococke", the Maf "ter of the Charter Houfe t, Dr. "Richard Grey, and others; ferving "to explain and juftily divers Paffages "in The Divine Legation, objected to 66 by theft learned Writers. To which " is added, A General Review of the "Argument of The Divine Legation, as far as it is yet advanced: where"in is confidered the Relation the je "veral Parts bear to each other and the Whole. Together with an Ap“ pendix, in A-swer to a late Pam"phlet intituled, An Examination of "Mr. W's Second Propofition," 8vo. And this was followed next year by "Remarks on feveral Occa "fional Reflections; in Aufwer to the "Rev. Doctors Stebbing and Sykes; a ferving to explain and juffy the "Two Difertations in The Divine "Legation, con erning the command to "Abraham to offer up his Son, and "the Nature of the Jewish Thencrary, "objected to by th fe learned Writers. "Part II. and laft ;" 8vo. Both thefe anfwers are couched in thofe high terins of confident fuperiority, which marked almost every performance that fell from his pen during the remainder of his life. On the 5th of September, 1745, the friendship between him and Mr. Allen was more closely cemented by his marriage with Mifs Tucker, now his widow, and fill living. At this juncture the kingdom was under a great alarm, occafioned by the rebellion 'breaking out in Scotland. Those who withed well to the then etablished Government, found it neceffary to exert ufed against the invading enemy. The Clergy were not wanting on their part; and no one did more fervice than Mr. Warburton, who printed three very excellent and seasonable Sermons, at this important crifis †. I. "A faithful Portrait of Popery, "by which it is feen to be the Re"verfe of Chriftianity, as it is the "Destruction of Morality, Piety, and "Civil Liberty. A Sermon preached "at St. James's Church, Westmin"Ater, Oct. 1745.” 8vo. II. "A Sermon occafioned by the prefent unnatural Rebellion, &c. "preached in Mr. Allen's Chapel, at "Prior Park, near Bath, Nov. 1745, "and published at his Request." 8vo. III. The Nature of National Of- 1 "fences truly stated. A Sermon "preached on the General Faft-Day, " Dec. 18, 1745." 8vo. 1746. On account of the last of thefe Sermons, he was again involved in a controverty with his former antagonist, Dr. Stebbing; which occafioned An "Apologetical Dedication to the "Rev. Dr. Henry Stebbing, in An"fwer to his Cenfure and Mifrepre"fentations of the Sermon preached "on the General Faft-Day appointed to be obferved Dec. 18, 1745.” 8vo. 1746. Notwithfanding his great connections, his acknowledged abilities, and his established reputation;-a reputation founded on the durable bafis of learning, and upheld by the decent and attentive performance of every duty incident to his ftation; yet we` do not find that be received any addition to the preferment given him in 1728 by Sir Robert Sutton (except the chaplainflip to the Prince of Wales), until April, 1746, when he was unanimanfly called by the Society of Lincoln's Inn to be their preacher. In November he publifhed A Seron preached on the Thanksgiving appointed to be obferved the 9th of "Oct. for the Suppreflion of the late "unnatural Rebellion." 8vo. 1746. In the next year, 1747, appeared his edition of Shakspeare, which, he fays, "The public at this time of day had "never been troubled with, but for "the conduct of the two laft editors, every effort which could be The karned Bihop of Offry; whole account of hieroglyphics, and the relation they had to language, given in his Obfervations on Egypt, differed from what has been faid ab ut them in the Divine Legation. ↑ Nicholas Manue, Eiq. author of feveral valuable works. They were afterwards r printed in his three volumes of Sermons. " and Biographical Memoirs a --femper acerbum, "Semper bonoratum (fic Di votu:stis ) habebo. "He was deûrous I fhould give a new "edition of this Poet, as he thought "it might contribute to put a stop to "a prevailing folly of altering the "text of celebrated authors, without "talents or judgment. And he was "willing that his edition thould be "melted down into mine, as it would, he faid, afford him (fo great is the modelty of an ingenuous temper) "fit opportunity of confeffing his mif"takes," This edition has met with a very fingular fate; it has been extravagantly praifed, and as much cenfured +. The true estimate of its merit, however, lies between his panegyrilts and his foes; and few will refuse their affent to Dr. Johnson's opinion, who obferves, that "his notes exhibit "fometimes perverfe interpretations, " and fometimes improbable conjec"tures; he at one time gives the au"thor more profundity of meaning than the fentence admits; and at "another difcovers abfurdities where "the fenfe is plain to every reader. "But his emendations are likewife "often happy and juft; and his interpretation of obfcure paffages "learned and fagacious. 66 In 1747, this learned writer publifhed, I. "A Letter from an Author to a Member of Parliament, concerning Literary Property." 8vo. II. " Preface to Mrs. Cockburn's "Remarks upon the Principles and "Reafonings of Dr. Rutherforth's Efay on the Nature and Obliga❝tions of Virtue," &c. 8vo. 66 III. "Preface to a Critical Inquiry into the Opinions and Practice of "the Ancient Philofophers, concein"ing the Nature of a Future State, "and their Method of teaching by "double Doctrine," [by Mr. Towne] 8vo. 1747, 2d edition. In 1748, a third edition of the "Alliance between Church and "State: corrected and enlarged." In 1749, a very extraordinary attack was made on the moral character of Mr. Pope, from a quarter where it could be the least expected. His or of Bishop Warburton. 411 Guide, Philofopher, and Friend, Lord Bolingbroke, published a book which he had formerly lent Mr. Pope in MS. The preface to this work, written by Mr. Mallet, contained an accufation of Mr. Pope's having clandeftinely printed an edition of his Lordship's performance without his knowledge. A defence of the poet leave foon after made its appearance, which was univerfaily ascribed to Mr. Warburton, and was afterwards owned by him. It was called, "A Letter to "the Editor of the Letters on the "Spirit of Patriotifm. The Idea of a Patriot King, and the State of "Parties, &c. Occafioned by the "Editor's Advertisement."8vo. which foon afterwards produced an abufive pamphlet, under the title of A Familiar Epiftle to the most impudent "Man living," Evo as hath been truly obferved, couched a performance, in language bad enough to disgrace even gaols and garrets. About this time the publication of Dr. Middleton's Enquiry concerning the Miraculous Powers, gave rife to a controversy, which was managed with great warmth and afperity on both fides, and not much to the credit of either party. On this occafion Mr. Warburton published an excellent performance, written with a degree of candour and temper which, it is to be lamented, he did not always exercife. The title of it was, " JULIAN; or, A "Difcourfe concerning the Earthquake "and Fiery Eruption which defeated "that Emperor's attempt to rebuild "the Temple at Jerujalem," 8vo. 1750. A fecond edition of this Difcourfe," with additions," appeared in 1751; in which year he gave the public his edition of Mr. Pope's Works, with notes, in nine volumes, 8vo. and in the fame year printed "Aniwer to a Letter to Dr. Middle"ton, inferted in a Pamphlet intitled, "The Argument of the Divine Lega"tion fairly Stated," &c. 8vo. and an Account of the Prophecies of Arife Evans, the Welch Prophet, in the laft century, the latter of which afterwards fubjected him to much ridicule. "An In 1753, Mr Warburton published the first volume of a Courfe of Ser See Bith p Newton's Preface to his edition of Milton: &c &c. &c. See he Canons of Criticiim, Upton on Shakspeare, Hearn's Revifal of Shak peare's Texi, Grey's Notes on Shakspeare, &c. I This account is annexed to the first volume of Dr. Jortin's Remarks on Eccies aftical History. In 1772, a Pamphlet was published, called “ Cofion worje con founded; Rout on Rout: or the B:hop of Gr's Commentary upon Rice or Arite Evans' 64 "Echo from Heaven Examined and Expofed by Indignatio." Svo. mons preached at Lincoln's-Inn, intituled, "The Principles of Natural "and Revealed Religion occafionally "opened and explained;" and this, in the fubfequent year, was followed by a fecond. After the public had been fome time promifed, it may be almost faid threatened, from the alarm which was taken, with the appearance of Lord Bolingbroke's Works, they about this time were printed. The known abilities and infidelity of this nobleman had created apprehenfions in the minds of many people, of the pernicious effects of his doctrines : and nothing but the publication of his whole force could have convinced his friends, how little there was to be dreaded from arguments against re. ligion fo weakly fupported. The perfonal enmity which had been excited many years before between the peer and our author, had occafioned the former to direct much of his reafon. ing against two works of the latter, Many anfwers were foon published, hut none with more acutenefs, folidity, and fprightlinefs, than "A View "of Lord Bolingbroke's Philosophy, in Two Letters to a Friend, 1754;" the Third and Fourth Letters were published in 1753, with another edition of the two former; and in the fame year a fmailer edition of the whole; which, though it came into the world without a name, was univerfally alcribed to Mr. Warburton, and af. terwards publicly owned by him. To fome copies of this is prefixed an exexcellent complimentary epitle from the prefident Montefquieu, dated May 26, 1754 At this advanced period of his life, that preferment which his abilities might have claimed, and which had hitherto been withheld, feemed to be approaching towards him. In Septem ber, 1754, he was appointed one of his Majesty's Chaplains in Ordinary, and in the next year was prefented to a prebend in the cathedral of Durham, on the death of Doctor Mangey. About the fame time he had the degree of Doctor of Divinity conferred on him by Dr. Herring, then archbishop of Canterbury; and a new impreffion. The Divine Legation and Aliance, 4to. In 1757, a Pamphlet was published by the prefent excellent Bp. of Litchfield, called, "Remarks on Mr. David "Hume's Essay on the Natural Hiflory "of Religion," which is faid to have been compofed of marginal obfervations made by Dr. Warburton, on reading Mr. Fume's book. This pamphlet is worthy of notice, as it gave fo much offence to the author animadverted upon, that he thought it of importance enough to deferve particlar mention in the fort account of his life. On the 11th of OЯober, in this year, our author was advanced to the deanry of Bristol; and in 1758 republished the Second Part of The Diwine Legation, divided in Two Parts, with an excellent dedication to the Earl of Mansfield, which deferves to be read by every perfon who efteems the well-being of fociety as a concern of any importance. In one of thefe volumes Dr. Taylor is treated with much feverity, in confequence, as it is imagined, of a private pique +. At the latter end of the next year, Dr. Warburton received the honour, fo justly due to his merit, of being (on the aad of December) promoted to the vacant See of Gloucester, and digni fied with the Mitre. He was confecrated on the 20th of January 1760; and on the 30th of the fame month preached before the Houfe of Lords. The next year he printed "A Rational "Account of the Nature and End of the In a Defence of Dr. Taylor, this account is given of the rife of the difpute: "It is "faid fome officious perfon whifpered to Dr. Warburton, that the Chancellor of Lin"cols (Dr. Taylor) faid he was no fcholar; that Dr. Warburton, with a freedom pe"culiar to himself, afked that Gentleman whether it were true; and that Dr. Taylor, anfwered, he did not remember he had ever faid Dr. Warburton was no fcholar, but "he always thought fo." Sacras "Sacrament of the Lord's Supper.” 12mo. In 1762, he published" The "Do&rine of Grace: Or, the Office and "Operations of the Holy Spirit vindi"cated from the Infults of Infidelity and "the Abufes of Fanaticism." 2 volumes, 12mo. and in the fucceeding year drew upon himself much illiberal abuse from fome writers of the popular party, on occasion of his complaint in the Houle of Lords, on the 15th of No. vember, 1763, against Mr. Wilkes, for putting his name to certain notes on the infamous F.ssay on Woman. In 1765, another edition of "the ad part of the Divine Legation" was published as volumes III. IV. and V.; the two parts printed in 1755 being confidered as volumes I and II. It was this edition which produced the well-known controverfy between hin and Bishop Lowth. On this occafion was published The Second Part of "an Epiftolary Correfpondence be "tween the Bishop of Gloucester and "the late Profellor of Oxford, with out an Imprinatur, i. e. without a "cover to the violated laws of honour and fociety, 1766." 8vo. In 1766, he gave a new edition of The Alliance between Church and State, and a Sermon preached before the "incorporated Society for the Propa"gation of the Gofpel in foreign "Parts; at the Anniversary Meeting "in the Parish Church of St. Mary"le-Bow, on Friday, Feb. 21," 8vo. The next year produced a third volume of his fermons, dedicated to Lady Mansfield; and with this, and a fingle "Sermon preached at St. Lawrence "Jewry, on Thurfday April 30, 1767, before his Royal Highnefs Edward "Duke of York, &:. governors of the London Hofpital at Mile End, &c, "4to," he closed his literary labours. His faculties continued unimpaired for fome time after this period; and in 1769 he gave confiderable affiftance to Mr. Ruffhead, in that gentleman's life of Mr. Pope. He allo transferred sool. to Lord Mansfield, Judge Wilmot, and Mr. C. Yorke, upon trust, to found a lecture in the form of a fermon; to prove the truth of revealed religion in general, and of the chrif tian in particular, from the completion of the prophecies in the Old and New Teftament, which relate to the chrif tian church, especially to the apoftacy of papal Rome. To this foundation we owe the most admirable Introduc tory Lectures of Bishop Hurd; and the well-adapted continuation of Dr. Halifax and Dr. Bagot. It is a melancholy reflection, that a life led in the conftant purfuit of knowledge frequently terminates in the lofs of thofe powers, the cultivation and improvement of which are attended to with too ftrict and unabated a degree of ardour. This was the misfortune of Dr. Warburton. Like Swift and the great Duke of Mailborough, his mental faculties gradually declined, until he funk into a fituation not much fuperior to that of idiotifin. In this fad itate he had the mifery to lote his only ion, a very promising young gentleman, who died of a confumption a few years before 1779, when the bishop refigned to fate, on the feventh day of June, at the age of more than fourfcore. The world has already formed its opinions of the Bishop of Gloucester, both with respect to his life and writings. In the former, it must be allowed, he deported himself with fufficient attention to the decencies of his fituation; and if any part of his conduc was cenfurable, it was that over-bearing haughtinefs which fo ftrongly marked his writings, and which he carried into private life. In his works, he exhibited grat ftrokes of original and powerful genius, much reading, with a nervous, but not a polifhed ftyle. At his outlet in life, he was fufpected of being inclined to infi delity, and it was not until many years had elapfed, that the orthodoxy of his opinions was generally affented to. His publications were numerous; and from the applaufe which they obtained, they feemed to promife a celebrity of greater length of time than they have experienced, But bis renown vanished as foon as his infirmities fecluded him from the world; and it would be difficult to point out a single compliment paid to him or to his writings, fince the time that he ceafed to write : he even wanted a friend to pay a decent tribute to his memory in the fugitive publications of the day; the literary portrait excepted, which was in our Magazine for 1779, P. 340. See Churchill's Duellift, the Dedication of his Sermons, and other pieces. In making his complaint, the Bifhop, after folemnly difavowing both the Poem and the Notes, averred, that the former was worthy of the Devil; then, after a fhort paufe, added, No, I beg the Devil's pardon, for he is incapable of writing it. GENT. MAG. før Sept. 1780. Narra Narrative of the proceedings in Ireland, on the paffing the fugar and mutiny bills by the Irife Parliament. HE paffing the fugar bill, and the Thill for the better regulation of the army in Ireland, by the Irish parlia ment, is likely to occafion a fresh ferment in that kingdom. At a numerous meeting of citizens, held at the Tholfel in Dublin, 14 Auguft; Refolved, That the fugar-bill, and the bill for the better regulation of the army of Ireland, have fuffered alterations in Great Britain; fuch as must render the former injurious to trade, and the latter fubverfive of liberty. That a mutiny law, unlimited in duration, is against the fundamental pricciples of the constitution, tends to make the power of the crown abfolute, and to eftablish in this country a military govern ment. That any perfons, who shall be bafe enough to comply with the mandates of Administration, in fupporting thefe alarming measures, will justly forfeit all title to the future confidence of the people. At the fame time it was agreed to petition to parliament against the faid bills; which petition, figned by the theriffs, and prefented by the city members, fet forth, That your petitioners understand, that the bill for the better regulation of the army of Ireland has fuffered alterations in Great Britain, whereby its duration is unlimited, and thus the army of this country made independent of Parliament, martial law established for ever, and the power of the crown over the military rendered not only almoft abfolute, but perpetual, And that the fugar bill has also fuffered alterations, not only destructive to the fugar refining trade, but defeating the advantages to be expected from a free trade to the British Colonies. They thereTore pray that the faid bills may not pafs, &c. They then unanimously refolve, that, if it fhould be neceflary, they will have recourfe to a non-importation agree ment, as being pregnant with greater benefits to their country, than a partial and an imperfect grant of a nominal free trade, &c. Add to thefe refolutions the fpirited appofition made in Parliament, by feveral very refpectable members, particularly by Mr. Gratton, who prefaged, that the palling the mutiny bill into a law would draw down the public vengeance on those who should be fo unhappy as to carry it into effect; yet notwithstanding this and other preffing remonftrances, the bill as altered, patled both Houfes by a very great majority. It was no fooner known that the bills in question had paffed the Commons, than a meeting was held, in whicht he following fpirited refolutions were agreed to: Royal Exchange, Dublin, Aug. 17, 1780. "At a meeting of the merchants corps of volunteers, Peter Digges La. touche, Efq: in the chair, the following relolutions were unanimoefly agreed to: "Refolved, That the late decifions of the Houfe of Commons (fo destructive, in our opinion, to the conftiturional rights, and injurious to the commercial interefts of this kingdom) demand the most serious attention of every Irishman, "Refolved, That we confider their confent to the mandate of the British Minister, by which the bill for the regu lation of the army is made perpetual, and the controul thereof for ever vefted in the hands of the Crown, as a fubverfion of the conftitution, and a stab to the liberty of the subject. "Refolved, That, confidering the army of this kingdom as a body of men embarked in the caufe of their country, and equally intitled with ourselves to the protection of its legislature, we cannot but feel for their situation, who, by this law, are in danger of being made, at a future day, the unwilling inftances of defpotiẩm to violate the liberties of Ireland. Refolved, That we confider the compliance of that Houfe with the alterations made in the fugar bill by the English Privy-Council, reducing the propofed duty on lump fugars, as an overthrow to the refinery of this kingdom, and a total obftruction to the extenfion of its manufactures by an export to the British Colonies and Weil-indies. Refolved, That we will concur with the volunteer corps of this kingdom, and the rest of our fellow fubjects, in every effort which may send to avert the dangers we are threatened with. Refolved, That the ftrenuous, though unfaccefsful efforts of the minority of the House of Commons, in defence of the conftitution, merit the thanks and firm fupport of every friend of his country: Refolved, That the above Refolutions be printed in the public papers. Signed by Order, W. BRUCE DUNN, Secretary." Thefe Refolutions, as foon as published, attracted the notice of fome of the leading members. Mr. Conolly expr.fled. his aftonishment to the Houfe, that a corps of volunteers had entered into refoJutions fubverfive of the conftitutión, prejudicial to the state, and derogatory to the freedom and dignity of parliament; that the declarations of this corps had brought on like declarations from others; therefore wished to nip the evil in the This gentien an is faid to be partner in the arft bank of Ireland, poffeffed of one of the urgett ellates, and of the greatest personal property. bud: |