Lord, and the excellent motives you propofe for her confolation. of Give me leave, Sir, to return you my thanks for your kind withes on my account. My late dear father was often commending me in a manner far above what I any ways deferved, and for which I efteem myself entirely indebted to his paternal fondness. But if I was to have chofen to whom I would have been fo commended, it should have been to Dr. Watts at Lady Abney's. I efteem it incumbent on me to come up, as far as I am able, to his account of me, which I fall endeavour to do by the clofeft imitation of his bright example. "The defire you exprefs of having my father's head among your collection of learned men, is worthy of a perfon who had fo long an intimacy and friendship with him. 1 am fenfible, that if all the world had the fame regard, and fo quick a remembrance, of men of merit as yourself, a picture would be entirely fuperfluous. Yet, if you think that from the infpection of the late Lord Barrington's picture, any may be induced to follow the pattern of virtue and felf-denial he has fet, it may be eafily done. I am, in a very particular manner, Sir, your most humble fervant, BARRINGTON.” This letter is the more remarkable, as all that have hitherto appeared by this noble writer have been in his official capacity of fecretary at war. Dr. Gibbons feems enthufiaflically fond of his fubject; we can therefore eafily account and allow for his being diffufe; but we cannot fo readily explain his withholding from the public an account, which he was fo well qualified to give, for 32 years, as Dr. Watts died Nov. 25, 1748. A ftriking likeneis of the Doctor is prefixed, engraved by Caroline Watfon. The painter's name fhould also have been mentioned. P. 463. In a note on the Ichneumon' the Editor ftyles it "a particular kind of Ay bred in the bodies of caterpillars," though all naturalifts, from Pliny down to Sir Ashton Lever, could have inform ed him, that it is an animal of the cat or badger kind, which deftroys the eggs of the crocodile. One of them is exhibited ftuffed at Leicester-Houfe; and fee a defcription in Lucan IV. 724, &c. A Complete Body of Heraldry. Containing, An Hiftorical Enquiry into the Origin of Armories, and the Rife and Progress of llerald-y, confidered as a Science; the Inftitution of the Offices of Conflable, Marshal, and Eari Marfbal of England, their concurrent and fepa rate Jurifdi&ions, Functions, Powers, c.; the Erection, Creation, and Eflabriftment of Kings, Heralds, Purfuivants, and uber Of ficers of Arms, with their several and refpic tive Dutics, Badges, Liveries, Wages, Vif tations, &c.; the proper Methods of blazesing and marfballing Arm rial Bearings, and therein of Ordinaries, Charges, Marks of Cadency, Additions, and Abatements of Honour Affumperens, Grants, Augmentations, Alenations, Exchanges, Conceffins, and Forfei ture of Coat-Armour; Crefis, Coronets, Sup. porters, Badges, and other Armorial Enfigni ; the Arms, Quarterings, Crafts, Supporters, and Mattos of all Sovereign Princes and States; as alfo the Achievements of the Peers, Peerefes, and Baroness, of England, Scotland, and Ireland. An Hiftorical Catal gue of all the different Orders of Knightbood, from the careft to the prefent Time; quith Deferiptions of their Habits, Collars, Badges, &c. The Arms of the Counties, Cities, Boroughs, and Towns Corporate, in England and Wales, and of the Abbeys and Religious Haufes founded therein; as also thofe of the Royal Herages in Scotland; and of the Societies, Bodies Corporate, Trading Companies, &c, in London. The Arms of Archiepifcopal and Episcopal Sees in England and Ireland, and of those beretofore eftobliftel in Scotland; as likewife of the Univers ties, their feveral Colleges, Halls, and Schaois. A Difcourfe on thé Origin, Ufe, and Abuse, of Funeral Trophies. Glover's Ordinary of Ams augmented and improved. An Alpbabet of Arms, containing upwards of 50,000. Coats, with their Crefts, &c. And a corious Glary, explaining all the technical Torms ufed in Heraldry. In Two Volumes Falis. Illuftrated with Copper-Plates. By Jofeph Edmondfon, Efq; F. S. d. Mowbray He rald Extraordinary, and Author of the Baronagium Genealogicum, or Genealogical Tables of the English Pees. By Subjcrip tion. 31. 75. in bads. Dodley. THIS title is fo voluminous, that there needs little further account of this elabo rate and expenfive work. We must however fay, that the Hiftorical Enquiry, &c. with which it commences, is evidently by the band of a mafter deeply verfed in the writings and ftudies of antiquity. Very plaufible arguments are adduced to prove, that the ufe of armories was practifed before the commencement of the tenth century. Jufts, tilts, tournaments, &c. are introduced and defcribed; and the author feems with reafon to conclude, that bereditary family arms are of German origin; but when they were firft introduced in England is not equally certain. A few remarks that have occurred to us we will fubmit to Mr. Edinondfon's correction or confideration. Among the English peers, Wentworth is ftyled Eart of Stafford, inftead of Strafford; Farl of Wetmorland's 2d title is Burgherth' not Burghett. Among the Irish, the Earl Earl of Corke's motto is really that of his great ancestor, the firft earl, God's Providence is my Inheritance, and not Honor Virtatis Premium his motto as Earl of Orrery. His patent too (as Earl) was dated in 1620, not 1616. Why the late E. of Holdernetfe's daughter is not inferted as Baroness Conyers, we know not. As to Lady Willoughby of Erefby, The has fucceeded, we doubt not, to that ancient barony of 1314, fince this work was printed. The Lond. Gazette indeed abfurdly ftyled it a creation. Among the Baronets, Heron (Sir Richard) is not" of Chilham Caftle, Kent," that being the feat of his elder brother. Pigot (Sir Robert) is omitted, that title being granted to his brother the late lord, with remainder, in Nov. 1763 t. And Sir Ralph Payne, K. B. is not the baronet, but Sir Gillies. 85. An Efay on the Population of England, from the Revolution to the prefent Time. With an Appendix, containing Remarks on the Account of the Population, Trade, and Refources, if the Kingdom, it Mr. Eden's Letters to Lord Carlife. By Richard Price, D. D. F. R.S. 15. 6d. Cadell. THOUGH the number of houfes in London, Westminster, Southwark, and all Middlefex, in 1757, was 87,614, and in 1777, 90,570; our author contends and endeavours to prove, that in that period near 200,000 of our common peopie have been loft. The caufes aligned for this depopulation are; "the increafe of our army and navy; a devouring capital; three long and deftructive wars; foreign migrations; the engrofling of farms; the high price of provisions; and, above all, the increase of luxury, and of our public debts and taxes." The Ellay hift publifhed in 1779, at the end of Mr. Morgan's Treatife on Annuities, Aurances, and Survivor bips. The Ap pendix concludes with the following reAccuon: was It is often faid that the great men in oppofition want to force themicives into power. But it is fcarcely poffible they thould be fo foolish-Involved in a moft expenfive and hazardous conteft with two of the first powers Europe-furrounding nations hoftile to us in a degree which leaves us not a friend, or even a well-wither among them--a'confiderable part of our firength torn from us, and converted against us-our refources moitgaged beyond the hope of pothbility of redemption-a debafing and wasteful luxury destroying public virtue, and producing a dunpation and yenality in private life, and us. an extravagance in the expenditure of public "After all, did I apprehend that we were a fituation which admitted of no retreat, 1 fhould, however I might lament the mifconduct which has brought us to it, think myself bound to be filent, But our circumftances are not, I hope, o deipe ate. A retreat is, probably, All pract exole by the fame meature which wild certainly have faved us not along a-by wither wing from that country where all our troubles have originated; and yielding to the colunies that bleding, whi h we are employing our armies to force from them, but which ♥ Among the mottos, Vivit post Funerd Virtus is aligned him. This is corrected in the Additions, every country values above all bleffings, and the lofs of which we ourfelves are now deprecating as the greateft calamity that can be the confequence of our prefent difficulties." 86. Concio ad Clerum Provincia Cantuarienfis in Ede Paulina Kal. Novemb. Habite a Galiclon Cooke, Decano Elienfi et Coil Regel Cantab. Præpofito. Juffu Reverendiffimi. 40. 15. Bathurst, &c. THE learned. Provoft, from John. xviii. 36. My Kingdom is not of this World, has clearly and elegantly defined what is the kingdom of Chrift, and fhewed that its nature is wholly fpiritual. In conclufion, he congratulates the. fent times on religion and government, church and fate, under the aufpices of a moft pious prince, being happily united and interwoven. pre 87 A Reply to the Obfervations of Lieutenant, General Sir William Howe on a Pamphlet, intituled, Letters to a Nobieman;" in which his Mifreprefentations. are detected, and thaje Letters are fupported by a Variety of new Matter and Argument. To which is added, An Appendix, containing, 1. ALter to Sir William Howe, upon his Strietures on Mr. Galloway's private Character. 2. A Letter from Mr. Kirk [Grecer at Nottingham] to Sir William Howe, and his Anfaver, 3. A Letter from a Committee to the Prefident of the Congress, on the State of the Rebel Army at Valley Forge, found among the Papers of Henry Laurens, Efq; By the author of Letters to a Nobleman. 8. 3. Wilkie. THIS pamphlet, which is feldom the cafe, fully anfwers its title, as, in our opinion, this able and well-informed writer, a much more formidable antagonift than Washington, has clearly difproved all the pofitions of Sir William Howe, has incontrovertibly established the facts he before maintained, and has driven the General from all his frong holds. We shall confine ourtelves to the facts which we have mentioned, P. 53. I. To confute the teftimony of Maj. Gen. Grey, in regard to the impracticability" of the country that he has been in, our author refers him to the plains on Long Island (which he has feen) of 30 miles in length, and from 7 to 12 in breadth, which are without wood or a fingle obftruction; and to the country between N. York and Trenton, and between the head of Elk and Phila-. delphia (both which he has allo seen), in which there is not a hill but what may be either afcended without difficulty, or avoided by an army, in its march; and compared with thefe between Albany, and Montreal, or with the Allegheny and Laurel ridge of mountains, they are little more than mole-hills; and yet thefe mountains, though full of ravines and enemy, did not intimidate nor obftruct an woods, and poffeffed by an ambufcading the country, which the General has feen, Amber, a Forbes, or a Bouquet. If is every where covered with wood, where do thofe immenfe quantities of wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, and buck wheat, which furnifh the inhabitants with food, and are exported to Europe, find room to grow? II. The loyalty" of the Americans our author fupports by the teftimony of Earl Cornwallis, who avers, that 3 or 4ee came in every day for ten days at Trenton and Bordentown" (that is, whilft the troops flaid there); and at N. York and Philadelphia they alfo came in whenever they fafely could or dared, Washington being allowed clofely to fuperintend the lines at N. York, and the people in Pennfylvania being ordered to "remain peaceably at their ufual places of abode." III. In regard to sir Wm. Howe's " his own returns laid before the H. of force," Commons last year prove, that he had at file, and fit for duty; and, in the whole, Staten Inland 24,464 effectives, rank and 26,980, and, officers added, 31,625 as before maintained, and adding the garrifon at Rhode Island, 40,874. Total of the rebel force 18,000 80,000 was a fham return, whofe fallacy the General knew. IV. As to the difficulties of paffing the Delaware, which occafioned his long circuitous paffage to the Chefapeak, that river (it is here affirmed) is fordable in many places between Trenton and Co-" ryels-Fery in June, July, and Augoft; and if it was not fo, is not 300 yards wide. The ground on the Jerfey fide commands the other fide, and more boats and pontoous. than were necellary were prepared and carried from Brunfwick. V. As to his requisition of 15,900 men more, the General had then, by his own. returns, 3,476, while the whole conti nental force was not 3500, 7800 were actually fent him and the expected. reinforcement of the rebels, the reaton affigned for that requifition failed in aw much greater-proportion; more than one, half of the force required was tentand not more than one-fitel of that of the re--13 bels way: raifed.. ¿Vd. In regard to the in furptife of Trenton, Sir Wm. Howeup feems equally without excufe for leaving his frontier pofts, which were moft, expofed, altogether defenceless and unfore, A so 2021 993 206) rifind, Ita tified, and with the fmalleft number of troops of any of his cantonments. At the fame time this writer does ample juf tice to his military abilities, of which the battles of Long Island and Brandywine The fays) are irrefiftible proofs, and alfows that "knowledge was never want ing whenever inclination called it into action.". Of lucrative views he also acquits him; and, on the whole, afcribes his conduct to "factious motives, the fame that actuate his confederates in Britain." To confirm this, Mr. Kirk's feditious letter, and the General's anfwer, are produced, by which it appears that he had pledged his honour to his conftituents not to accept of a command which was to fuppress the rebellion; yet that he accepted it by the advice of thofe who were averfe to the measures of adminiftration, whofe "compliments and approbation" he immediately received, and pleads as an excufe for this breach of promife. And he concludes with defiring his friend "to fufpend his judge ment" on his (the General's) conduct until the event fhould prove him un worthy of his fupport." In Number 1. of the Appendix, this writer, who had carefully avoided perfonal reflections on Sir William's moral conduct, however fair the mark, fully vindicates Mr. Galloway, whom the General, in a letter to him (here quoted) recommended to his fucceffor with the strongeft elogiums on his character and fervices. Number II. has been mentioned above. And Number MI. proves the diftreffed and starting condition of the rebel army at Valley Forge in February 1778. There are thy triumphs, thy exploits, O Howe! 88. Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, No 1. Containing, I. Queries for the better il Juftrating the Antiquities of Great Britain and Ireland. 11. The Hiflory and Antiquities of Tonftall in Kent, by the late Mr. Edwards Rowe Mores. 4. 5. Nichols. THIS is the beginning of a topogra phical work intended to be published occafionally, not confined to the fame price or quantity of theets, nor always adorned with cuts, collected from printed books and MSS. One part is to confift of republications of fearce and curious tracts; the other of MS. papers. And commu nications confiftent with the plan are requefted. The Queries propofed in the fft part of this Number are fimilar to thofe circulated in our Magazine for April 1755. comprehending them and All others that have hitherto appeared, GENT. Mag. December, 1780: fomewhat differently modified and enlarged. Anfwers to thefe are requested, addreffed to the Editor, to the care of J. Nichols. Printer. One part of these Queries relates to the fituation, church; antiquities, hiftory, &c. the other to the natural hiftory, of each parish. The fecond part of this Number is printed from the MS. of the late Edward-Rowe Mores, M. A. F. S. A. of whom fome memoirs are prefixed, by which it appears that he was born Jan. 3, 1730, at Tunftall in Kent, where his father had beeni rector near thirty years, and was admitted of Queen's College Oxford in 1746, where he took the degrees in arts. Whether he took orders, or not, feems uncertain. He appears to have been an indefatigable collector; but, befides his few publications the only papers that he completed for the prefs are the hiftory and antiquities here first published as a fpecimen of parochial antiquities, for which he had engraved a fet of plates, confifting of the church, the parfonage, arms in the church wint dows, plan of the church, and an ancient tomb. Mr. Mores died at Low Leyton, Nov. 28, 1778, leaving a fon. Of the Hiflory, &c. of Tunstall, purchased at the author's fale by Mr. Nichols, the prin cipal excellences are, its being a plan for parochial deferiptions, and its parith regifters being drawn up conformably to the ideas of this industrious antiquary. But due allowance muft be made for the dulcedo natalis foll. The contents will ap pear by the titles of the chapters, “I. Of the village of Tunftall, its fituation and extent. II. Of its capital lords. III. O its mefne lords (the prefent is Sir Edward Hales, Bart ) the church, rectory, &c." 89. Account of the Britons and Hofpitals in Ruffia, Sweden, and Denmark. With oc-. cafional Remarks on the different Medes of Punishment in thofe Countries. By William Coxe, M. A. Felony of King's College, Cambridge, &c. 870. 15. 6d. Cadell. THIS is an ufeful appendage to the Account of Foreign Pritons by the benes volent Mr. Howard (fee p. 481), to whose hints and fuggeftions this owes its rife and to whom it is infcribed. In Ruffia the prefent Emprefs has entirely abo lifhed torture, and the Marquis of Beecaria (our author obferves) must feel, with inexpreffible fatisfaction, the advan tages which his writings have afforded to mankind. For fince the publication of his benevolent treatife on crimes and punifhments, torture has been abolished in feveral parts of Europe, in Ruffia in 17073 and the efficacious method which the judges have taken to diminish their num ber. Thefe perfons are weary of life but, conceiving fuicide to be an unpar donable fin, murder children in order to get rid of their own exiftence by the hands of juftice, for they think it meritorious to kill a child, whom, according to their wild and dreadful notions, they then fave from certain mifery in this world, and fecure it certain happinefs in the next, by deftroying it when incapable of actual fin. In order to put a stop to this fpecies of madnefs, fuch perfons, inftead of being punished with death, the object of their defire, are condemned for and ate publickly whipped on the day in which they committed the murder, either on the fpot where it was committed, or under the gallows. This punishment, whichi is invariably carried into execution with out mercy, has in a great meafure put ftop to this horrid fpecies of murder." 90. Microfeopic Obfervation; or Dr. Hook's 1767,;, in Sweden in 1771; în Poland in 1776; and in the Auftrian dominions in 1777. One of the moft remarkable circumftances is the following: "In the prifon of the police at Mofcow a gentle inan is imprifoned for having feveral of his pealants whipped to death. Clofe to the door of his prifon, an old woman, about feventy years of age, has built a miferable thed, which fearce protects her from the weather; here the lives, out of mere compaffion for the prifoners the was his nurfe, and the continues with him in order to render him all the fervice in her power. Such another inftance of affection is not to be met with, for it must be entirely difinterefted, as the pri-life to hard labour and imprifonment; fopet, confidering the greatnefs of the crime of which he is guilty, can never have any hopes of being releafed; nor can fhe ever expect any recompence but what the derives from her own feelings: upon my giving this poor woman a fmall piece of money, the immediately delivered it to the prifoner. No crimes but high treafon are there punished with death; but death is often the confequence of a punishment apparently more mild, viz. the knoot. No figns of a jail-fever were ever difcovered in the Rufhan prifons, which is afcribed to their cleanlinefs, air, baths, intenfe cold, quafs, rye-bread, and Imoaking of juniper-berries. The foundling holpital at Mofcow, founded by the prefent Emprefs, feems to be a moft complete inflitution. There are at prefent 3000 foundlings, and when finished, the building will contain 8000. All are received without recommendation. The Emprefs," adds Mr. Coxe, "being acquainted with my refearches in relation to prifons, not only gave me permiflion to vifit feveral at Petersburg, and to addrefs myfelf to her beft-informed gover-Fortunately for the public, all the nors, but, with a condefcenfion peculiar plates of this celebrated work, feven only to her character, deigned not to withhold excepted, were lately mer with, well prefrom me her own fentiments on that fub- ferved, and almoft in as good condition ject: The even permitted me to deliver in as when they firft came from the hands to Count Ivan Tchernichef, vice-prefident of the engraver, no great number (it is of the Admiralty, a lift of queries, fome fuppofed) having been taken from them. of which the condefcended to anfwer her The little ruft they had received was eas Telfah Bay H bfily cleared away; and the feven plates that could not be found were (upplied by exact copies, little or nothing Clays the Editor) inferior to the original. luftrated by Thirty-three Copper Plates, curi onfly engraved whereby the most valuable Do Particulars in that celebrated Author's Mia crographia are brought together in a narroti Compass, and inter mixed occafionally with many entertaining and inftructive Discoverici in Natural History, folio, 12. Wilkinfon... DR. HOOK's Micrographia is a work for well known in the learned and philo fophical world, that any account or com mendation of it from us would be al together fuperfluous. published about eighty years ago; and This celebrated production, was first though two editions of it have fince appeared, the work is now extremely féarce, and fells at a great price, |