to which they were exposed; and as a remedy against the foulness of the air, they burned sugar. After the first day the Duke was prohibited from seeing his father; and although the one apartment was immediately under the other, three months passed without an interview. Their knives, razors, scissors, and penknives, were taken away, and, on one occasion, the meat with which they were provided being left uncut, they were obliged to tear it for their supper,

“My father, thaving ineffectually asked permission on his own ́account, to take the air, were it only at the gate of the tower, now solicited it for Beaujolais, whose health began to suffer from such close confinement; and his tender years obviating every pretext for denial, it was granted, on condition, however, that one of the administrators should keep him constantly in sight. In the course of the day he was sent for, and suffered to remain in the open air for two or three hours, and then remanded to his dungeon. He often earnestly begged to be allowed to come and see me; but his request was constantly refused. His cell being above mine, he was obliged to pass my door in his way out, and he never failed to call to me Good day, Montpensier! how are you?' It is impossible to describe the effect his voice had upon me, or the distress I felt when a day passed without my hearing it; for he was sometimes actually forbidden to utter these few words, and was always hurried by so quickly, that he had scarcely time to hear my answer. Once, however, that he had been permitted to remain till my dinner was brought, he crept so close to the heels of the bearer of the basket, that, in spite of the administrators, who tried to hold him back, he darted into my cell, and embraced me, It was six weeks since I had seen him-six wretched weeks! The moment was precious; but, ah! how short! He was torn from me forthwith, with threats of being no more allowed to go out, should the same scene be repeated. Is such barbarity credible? For what grounds, what possible excuse could they offer for preventing two brothers, the one but thirteen and a half, and the other not eighteen years of age, from enjoying the consolation of a moment's interview before witnesses? Nor was I myself any more permitted, when my door opened, to go near enough to catch the breeze which passed through the miserable narrow stair. case. One morning only, when my breakfast was brought, I was allowed to remain for an instant at the threshold. While I stood there, how my heart yearned as I heard my father's voice for the first time after so long a period! He was only separated from the staircase by an iron grating; but there was a sentry who could observe his motions, and accost him when he chose. To this grating, the municipal officers and administrators let their friends come to satisfy their curiosity; and the advantage of being able to breathe a little more freely was, in my opinion, dearly purchased at such a sacrifice. A similar privilege had been offered to me, of

a grating in place of my massy door; but I declined it; nor could I conceive how my unhappy father could prefer the inconveniences I have mentioned to seclusion by a bolted door. But these had no effect upon him; he even liked to see many faces, be they who they might; and he was pleased to have some one now and then to whom he could speak. At the time I allude to, I heard him ask the sentry what o'clock it was; and I hastened to call out Nine-good day, my dear father!-how do you find yourself?". Ah! Montpensier!" replied he, how happy I am to hear your voice! My health is none of the best, my poor child; but if I could see you it would do me much good.' I then heard him ask leave to see me for a moment; but it was refused, and the door was immediately shut." P. 78.

Beaujolais at length, through the unexpected kindness of one of his attendants, was permitted to pass two hours with his brother, and the visit was renewed almost without intermission, every day for three weeks. At the close of August, Marseilles, after a slight resistance, fell into the power of Carteaux, who established a sort of military government. In the confusion resulting from his entry, the Duke of Montpensier, in spite of the vigilance of his sentries, obtained a short stolen interview with his father, and a more free intercourse was soon established by the connivance of the new garrison. Beaujolais was allowed to take exercise in the open air, and an officer, kinder than his brethren, at last removed the prohibition from the two other prisoners.

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"It is impossible for any one who has not felt it, to form an idea of the dizziness occasioned by the broad day-light, after having been long deprived of it, and by suddenly breathing the pure, air. I was at first so overcome, that it was several minutes before I could walk. After this dizziness, a kind of drunkenness came over me that made me stagger, and I experienced at the same time a humming in my ears that utterly prevented my hearing a word that was said. It was more than a quarter of an hour before I was capable of enjoying the blessing that had been granted me. Our promenade was on a little terrace adjoining the tower in which we were confined. We were left there an hour and a half, and when right approached were conducted back to our cells. The next and following days we were allowed the same indulgence. Some officers, however, either from bad-heartedness, or the fear of committing themselves, refused it; but this rarely happened; and when it did, a few bottles of wine, and some pipes of good tobacco, induced the sergeants to take it upon themselves, to allow us a (short visit to the terrace." P. 98.

In October, Egalité was summoned to Paris, and the folVOL. XXI. JUNE, 1824.

Rr

lowing account of his treatment after his arrival is extracted by the editor of this volume from Memoires du Temps de la Revolution Française.

The duke of Orleans arrived at Paris in the night between the 5th and 6th of November, and was taken directly to the Conciergerie, where he was informed that he must appear the next day before the tribunal. It was not till then that he was made acquainted with the decree of accusation upon which he was to be tried. How great was his astonishment, when he found that it was, word for word, the same as the decree which had been drawn up against the Girondins, and upon which they had been condemned and executed a week before. Pains had not been taken to make a separate one, that it might at least appear applicable to the Duke's case. Among the leading charges, was one aimed at the deputy Carra, who was reproached, but very unjustly, with wishing to place the duke of York on the throne of France. When the duke of Orleans heard this article read, he said, drily, Really, this has the air of a joke!' Summoned by the tribnnal to declare what answer he had to make to the charges against him, he merely remarked, that they destroyed themselves, and could have no application to him, since it was well known that he had always been in opposition to the system and measures of the party he was accused of favoring. Nevertheless, the tribunal having gone through the case, and condemned him to death, without quitting their places, he heard his sentence without being for a moment disconcerted, and said, Since you were resolved I should perish, you ought at least to have found more plausible pretexts by which to accomplish your views; for you will never be able to make any one believe that you suppose me capable of the several things of which you have just declared me convicted; and especially you, sir (fixing his eyes on the foreman of the jury, Antonelle), who know me so well! Still,' continued he, since my fate is decided, I have only to request, that you will not suffer me to languish here till to-morrow, but order me instantly to be conducted to the place of execution.' This melancholy favour was readily granted. Crossing the square before the Palais Royal, the cart was stopped for a few moments, during which he turned his eyes with indifference to the front of his palace. Having reached the square of Louis XV. he ascended the scaffold with a firm step, and received the stroke of death on the 16th of Brumaire, year 8, (6th November, 1793,) at four in the afternoon." P. 113.

In the Duke of Montpensier, the regret which he strongly expresses for his father's bloody fate, is not only pardonable but praiseworthy but there is no other pen which could record the last act of Egalitè's life without considering it as an inadequate atonement for his crimes.

The five months after the execution of their father were

passed in yet closer confinement, and more distressing privation: they were expressly forbidden to see any person from without, their maintenance was rated at twenty-four francs in assignats daily, then equivalent to no more than eight in silver, and of these,-qui dispensat franget sibi,-more than half was appropriated to himself by the villainy of the purveyor through whose hands they passed. 12,000 francs had been placed by the Duchess their mother, at their disposal, through a merchant of Marseilles; but this sum, although confided to the authorities of the district, did not reach its destination. Clothes were coarsely supplied them, and after many remonstrances they obtained the privilege of catering for themselves, and cooking in their cells.

In March, 1794, Maignet, a new representative arrived, in Marseilles, with the express intention, as was announced, of repairing the injustice of his predecessors. The Prince of Conti was now added to the two brothers, and the grotesqueness of his grief, in spite of the miseries which surrounded them, afforded some relief to the younger captives. The Prince of Conti retained the habits and the dress of the old Court; he was allowed the assistance of a valet, who regularly curled his hair in papillotes during the whole of his confinement; and an understanding not strong by nature, had been still more weakened by the frightful scenes through which he had passed so that he was perpetually a victim to the idlest terrors, and saw an order for execution or assassination in every fresh change however unimportant.

They were now removed to much better apartments; but their pleasure at the transfer was much damped by the news which was ostentatiously forced on them of the execution of the Princess Elizabeth The Prince of Conti, and not without reason at the time, read this as their own sentence. Beaujolais, he said, as too young for the scaffold, would be poisoned, or, (using the horrible jest of the capuchin Chabot on the murder of the Dauphin in the Temple) would be commended to the care of the apothecary; "you," continued he to the Duke of Montpensier, "should be nineteen in a month, but I prophecy that you will never arrive at that age; no, you will never be nineteen, I tell you so! you are lost! we are all lost beyond redemption !"

Every thing indeed appeared to portend this termination to their miseries. The news-papers with which they were furnished presented a catalogue of daily victims, most of them well known, and allied to them in close friendship. One night they passed in full belief that a decree had arrived sum

moning them before the Commission at Orange, which would have been, in fact, only the preliminary to death; but in this instance the fears of the Prince of Conti had deceived him, for the order related not to themselves but to some prisoners lodged over them, who in reality were carried to Orange and thence to the scaffold. The jailors were officially instructed to close the little garden, which of late had been open to the prisoners, and to redouble their vigilance. The Duchess of Bourbon was denounced, confined au secret, and was daily expecting her trial. This gathering of the storm would no doubt have ended in that which their persecutors termed an explosion, if the fall of Robespierre (9th Thermidor, 27th July, 1794,) had not snatched them from their fate.

It was soon evident, even within the walls of their prison, that a great revulsion had taken place; the jacobins in their turn were hurried into dungeons, and the fortress of St. John was crowded with wretches who had long contributed to people its cells. The president of the tribunal at Marseilles, who had been distinguished for blood-thirstiness, in an attempt to escape over the roof of a house, fell, and broke his neck; his death did not immediately ensue, and he breathed his last in prison. Whether it was from the joy produced by these brightened prospects, or from natural caprice of temper, appears to be questionable, but the Prince of Conti about this time quarrelled with his fellow-prisoners, and during the remainder of their joint imprisonment, there was almost an entire suspension of intercourse between them. By dint of petitioning, the Duke of Montpensier at length shamed the authorities into the repayment of one-fourth of the 12,000 francs which had been entrusted to them; but these nominal 3,000 were depreciated to 600 only. Besides this unexpected gain they were now permitted to roam at liberty any where within the fortress; a privilege, the value of which can only be fully estimated by those who have endured eighteen months confinement. The Prince of Conti alone declined this freedom; such a favour, he remarked, wore a suspicious aspect.

A decree of the Convention was issued about this time, ordering the detention in prison of all members of the Bourbon family, as long as the general safety should require it. This edict darkened the hope which was beginning to dawn on the captives, and they listened to some faithless overtures which were made to assist their escape. The parties who volunteered their aid received the little sum which had just been recovered, and then treacherously decamped with it, This loss was in some measure atoned for by the farther pay