Particular reliefs, also, fit themselves to human calamities, for the world will be in equilibrium, and hates all manner of exaggeration. Time, the consoler, time, the rich carrier of all changes, dries the freshest tears by obtruding new figures, new costumes, new roads, on our eye, new voices on our ear. As the west wind lifts up again the heads of the wheat which were bent down and lodged in the storm, and combs out the matted and dishevelled grass as it lay in night-locks on the ground, so we let in time as a drying wind into the seed-field of thoughts which are dank and wet, and low-bent. Time restores to them temper and elasticity. How fast we forget the blow that threatened to cripple us. Nature will not sit still; the faculties will do somewhat; new hopes spring, new affections twine, and the broken is whole again.

Time consoles, but Temperament resists the impression of pain. Nature proportions her defence to the assault. Our human being is wonderfully plastic, if it cannot win this satisfaction here, it makes itself amends by running out there and winning that. It is like a stream of water, which, if dammed up on one bank, over-runs the other, and flows equally at its own convenience over sand, or mud, or marble. Most suffering is only apparent. We fancy it is torture the patient has his own compensations. A tender American girl doubts of Divine Providence whilst she reads the horrors of "the middle passage:" and they are bad enough at the mildest; but to such as she these crucifixions do not come they come to the obtuse and barbarous, to whom they are not horrid, but only a little worse than the old sufferings. They exchange a cannibal war for the stench of the hold. They have gratifications which would be none to the civilized girl. The market-man never damned the lady because she had not paid her bill, but the stout Irish woman has to take that once a month. She, however, never feels weakness in her back because of the slave-trade. This self-adapting strength is especially seen in disease. "It is my duty," says Sir Charles Bell, "to visit certain wards of the hospital where there is no patient admitted but with that complaint which most fills the imagination with the idea of insupportable pain and certain death. Yet these wards are not the least remarkable for the composure and cheerfulness of their inmates. The in

dividual who suffers, has a mysterious counterbalance to that condition, which, to us who look upon her, appears to be attended with no alleviating circumstance." Analogous supplies are made to those individuals whose character leads them to vast exertions of body and mind. Napoleon said to one of his friends at St. Helena, "Nature seems to have calculated that I should have great reverses to endure, for she has given me a temperament like a block of marble. Thunder cannot move it; the shaft merely glides along. The great events of my life have slipped over me without making any impression on my moral or physical nature."

The intellect is a consoler, which delights in detaching, or putting an interval between a man and his fortune, and so converts the sufferer into a spectator, and his pain into poetry. It yields the joys of conversation, of letters, and of science. Hence also the torments of life become tuneful tragedy, solemn and soft with music, and garnished with rich dark pictures. But higher still than the activities of art, the intellect in its purity, and the moral sense in its purity, are not distinguished from each other, and both ravish us into a region whereinto these passionate clouds of sorrow cannot rise.

SATURDAY AND SUNDAY AMONG THE CREOLES.

A LETTER FROM THE WEST INDIES.

I VISITED One of the enclosures where some of the springs are, drawn thither by the vegetation which I could see from the ship it contained. On entering the gate, I passed up a rude walk bordered with guinea-grass, plantains, sugarcane, young cocoa-trees, &c., until I came to the springs, around which the ground was clear of vegetation, except short grass. This space was occupied by negro washerwomen, who pay tenpence a day for the use of the water. They stood ranged down a long bench, on which their tubs were placed, entirely naked above the waist, around which their clothes were tied, but as unconscious as cows, looking up with perfect unconcern as I passed along. I now discovered where the buttons of my shirts and pantaloons were gone, for, after soaping their clothes, I observed that 66

VOL. IV. NO. IV.

these women ground them without remorse between two stones, one flat, the other convex. Several little black children, from four to eight years old, (I presume belonging to the women,) were also running about the enclosure, as naked as frogs. I beckoned one of them to me, and first called on him for his letters, which he ran off his tongue very rapidly; next for the Lord's prayer, which he discharged with equal fluency; and lastly, I asked him for a Sunday-school hymn, which he, without the least hesitation, and with perfect gravity, struck up, and though I could not well understand what he sung, I could discover by here and there a word, that it was a genuine hymn. I now gave him a twopence-halfpenny, and some mangoes, and he immediately ran towards his companions, his little abdominal and other protuberances shaking, as he trotted off, like a calves-foot jelly. This trifling incident amused me greatly. Jaques did not laugh louder when he met the fool in the forest.

Other schools than Sunday schools I had little time to visit. I went, however, to see one of some celebrity, kept by Mr. Symmes and his son, containing between four and five hundred pupils, white and colored. Mr. Symmes confirmed the remark which is often made, that colored children were fully equal to white, in point of intellect. Those under his care gained more than the others, their proportion of prizes at exhibitions, &c. The colored children, on his benches, appeared to be as bright and as clear-spirited as any set of children I ever saw. They were ready and clear in their answers, and I thought contrasted rather favorably with the white children intermingled with them. In the infant school department, he called out a little mulatto fellow, to act as fugler in their exercises, which part he performed with much tact and adroitness. One of these exercises was repeating in concert (the little mulatto asking the questions) the story of the good Samaritan; they all bowing as they pronounced the name of Christ. Few among these colored children had any of that heavy and stupid expression of countenance, so often to be seen in the adult negro. But I believe experience goes to prove that the negro intellect, in most cases, comes to its limits at an early age, and seldom fulfils its early promise. Negro infants seldom have dull, lumpish features; much less often, I think, than those of the whites.

But at the age of, say, from ten to fourteen years, the bright tints, morally and physically speaking, seem to fade out, and symmetry of feature to vanish.

Mr. Symmes was from top to toe a school-master, and his son Robert, a man grown, a right school-master's usher. He was perfectly broken in, seemed to feel a profound reverence for his father, and to live only in the humble hope that he should be enabled to do his will. He was sallow, pale-eyed, and wrinkled, with a face which I think had never known how to smile. "Roby," his father called in an habitually sharp tone of voice, from the opposite end of the room, and Roby, without saying a word, dropped the pencil with which he was assisting a boy in his sum, crossed the room with a noiseless, shambling trot, came close up to his father's desk, and then, in an humble tone, and with a deferential bend, answered, "Sir." "Go bring me such a book, Roby." "Yes, sir," and then, with another bend, he broke again into his shambling trot, hurrying to obey. And this scene occurred two or three times during the hour I was in the room. He was the most slave-like being I saw in the island. He should be emancipated by a special act. The twenty million act has not reached his case. It has not restored to life and action his poor shrivelled soul, nor has it even assured him, as it is beginning to assure some of the negroes, that he has a soul which is his own. There was, however, no tyranny in the case, at least none which was considered such by either party. His father seemed to have much regard for him, showed me, with much pride, his ornamental writing, (Roby was the writing master,) and spoke, when he was out of hearing, with some feeling, of his son's declining health, Roby had been born a school-master's usher, He had early been shaped to his father's purposes, and it had no doubt long since been amicably settled between them, that one was to be all-sufficient, and the other nobody. Affection often proves a hardy plant. These two reminded me of ivy taking root on a dry stone wall.

At the diocesan church, where the most wealthy and influential individuals of both races appeared to attend, there were very few negroes, and but little if any mingling of the whites and colored, through the body of the church. The latter chiefly occupied pews near the main entrance, and appeared to be quite as well dressed and fashionable

as the whites. I attended there on the Sunday morning after my arrival, and not knowing the hour of service, went late. When I discovered this, on approaching the door, I lingered for a moment or so, doubting to enter. But directly the beadle, arrayed in robes of black bombazine, with a stick in his hand, came forward, invited me in, and immediately led me up near the pulpit, and shewed me into what is called the magistrate's pew, in which certain municipal officers may, and some of them do sit, and where are also placed respectable strangers. A finelooking young man was reading the service, and he read it beautifully too, especially the commandments,-giving the seventh precisely in accordance with Dr. Johnson's instructions to Garrick. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.' This fine reading led me to hope for a fine sermon. But in this I was disappointed. It was a mere jingle of religious common-places and metaphors, so arranged as to form antitheses, and the young man had an antithetical voice,—the high and low tones both good. Sir William Temple says, (in substance,) in his "Observations on the United Provinces," that national habits and peculiarities, however some may suppose them a mere matter of whim, will generally be found, on examination, to have their origin in some necessity of circumstance or situation. And he refers the Pharisaical cleanliness of the Hollanders, of which he gives many amusing instances in his own experience, to the dampness of their climate. They must scrub or grow mouldy. Perhaps the same remark may apply to persons. Whenever you see any one with a slouch in his gait, or who wears out one shoe faster than the other, you will nearly always find, on a close scru tiny, that one shoulder is a little higher, one leg a little longer, or one side, in some way, a little more developed than the other. Now this young man's antithetical voice had, for aught I know, given him antithetical style. However this may be, his sermon consisted in nothing but a continual pairing off together of opposite common-places. "This moment, man is so and so; the next, he is so and Today, &c., &c.," high key; "tomorrow, &c.. &c.,” low key. In short it was

SO.

"all see-saw, between that and this, Now high, now low, now Master up, now Miss, And he himself, one vile antithesis."