11. How many pounds, Pennsylvania currency, in 216 French crowns?

Ans. 891. 28.

12. In 297. 17s. how many cents and dollars?

Ans. 7960 cents-79 dolls. 60 cts. 13. In 3751. Pennsylvania currency, how many dollars? Ans. 1000 dolls.

Note. To bring pounds (Penn. currency) to dollars, multiply by 8 and divide by 3; and dollars to pounds, multiply by 3 and divide by 8.

TROY WEIGHT.

Ans. 201. Ans. 172800gr.

1. Reduce 115200 grains to pounds.
2. Reduce 30lb. to grains.
3. Reduce 45648 pennyweights to ounces.

Ans. 2282oz. 8dwt.

4. Reduce 4lb. 8oz. 15dwt. 20gr. to grains.

5. Reduce 27260 grains to pounds.

Ans. 27260gr

Ans. 4lb. 8oz. 15dwt. 20gr.

6. In 24 spoons, each weighing 8dut. grains?

6gr. how many Ans. 4752gr.

4. In 6 barrels of flour, each weighing 1cwt. 3qr. Low

many pounds?

5. In 16cwt. 2qr. 14lb. how many pounds?

Ans. 1176/b.

Ans. 1862/b.

6. In a load of hay weighing 28761b. how many hundreds? Ans. 25cwt. 2qr. 20lb.

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.

Ans. 4320sc.

1. Reduce 15lb. to scruples.

2. In a bottle containing 3lb. of calomel, how many grains? Ans. 17280gr. 3. In 24lb. of drugs, how many parcels, each 16 drams? Ans. 15 parcels.

4. In 576000 grains, how many pounds?

CLOTH MEASURE.

1. Reduce 250 yards to nails.

Ans. 100lb.

Ans. 4000 nails.

2. In 8642 nails, how many Ells English?

Ans. 432 Ells E. 2 nails.

3. In 324 Ells French, how many yards?

Ans. 486 yards.

4. In 16 bales of cloth, each measuring 36 Ells Flemish,

how many yards?

LONG MEASURE.

1. Reduce 260 miles to inches.

Ans. 432 yards.

Ans. 16473600 inches.

2. Reduce 11 miles 7 furlongs 38 perches 2 yards 2 feet,

to barley-corns.

Ans. 2280060bc.

3. Reduce 1267200 feet to geographical degrees.

Ans. 4 degrees. 4. Reduce 3 leagues 2 furlongs 110 yards 1 foot 5 inches, to inches. Ans. 590057 inches. 5. How many inches will reach round the world, at 60 miles to a degree? Ans. 1368576000 inches.

LAND MEASURE.

Ans. 4000 perches.

1. Reduce 25 acres to perchcs.

2. Reduce 176000 perches to acres.

Ans. 1100 acres.

3. A tract of land containing 640000 perches is to be divided into 400 equal shares; how many acres will be in each share?

4. In 10 acres, how many square inches?

Ans. 10 acres.

Ans. 62726400 inches.

CUBIC, OR SOLID MEASURE.

1. Reduce 3200 fect of wood to cords.

Ans. 25 cords.

2. In 20 tons of square timber, how many feet?

Ans. 1000 fect.

3. In 30 tons of round timber, how many inches? Ans. 2073600 inches.

Note. The cubic feet of any circular body, such as grindstones, &c is found in the following manner. Add half the diameter to the whole diameter; multiply the amount by the aforesaid half, and this product by the thickness; this will give the contents in cubic inches; divide these by 1728, and the quotient will be the cubic feet.

4. In a grindstone 48 inches diameter and 6 inches thick, how many feet?

48 diameter

24 half do.

72

24

288

144

1728

6

1728) 10368 (6 cubic feet. Ans.

10368

5. In a millstone 4 feet 6 inches diameter, and averaging 18 inches in thickness, how many cubic feet?

54
27

81

27

567

162

2187

18

17496

2187

1728) 39366 (22 feet 1350 inches. Ans.

3456

4806

3456

1350

TIME.

1. Reduce 8 weeks 2 days 6 hours 20 minutes, to minutes.

2. Reduce ten years to seconds.

Ans. 83900 minutes.

Ans. 315576000 sec.

3. How many days since the commencement of the Christian era to the present time, 1823?

Ans. 665850 days 18 hours.

4. How many seconds in a week? Ans. 604800 sec.

LIQUID MEASURE.

i. Reduce 4 tuns to pints.
2. Reduce 4032 pints to hogsheads.
3. Reduce 38 hogsheads to pints.

DRY MEASURE.

Ans. 8064 pints.

Ans, 8 hhds.

Ans. 19152 pints.

1. Reduce 78 bushe's 3 pecks 7 quarts to pints.

Ans. 5054 pints.

2. Reduce 2196 pints to bushels. Ans. 34bu. 1pc. 2qt.

PART III.

DECIMAL ARITHMETIC.

DECIMAL ARITHMETIC is a plain and easy method of discovering the value of an unit, or one, divided into any given number of parts. Thus, if 1 dollar is divided into 10 equal parts, any one of these parts will be one-tenth, 2 will be two-tenths, 3, three-tenths, &c. Again, if 1 dollar is divided into a hundred equal parts, any one of these will be onehundredth, 2, two-hundredths, &c.

The number of parts into which the unit is divided is called the denominator, and any number of these parts less than the whole is called the numerator, and which always stands over the denominator; thus,

2 numerator

10 denominator

is read two-tenths; and these two so placed constitute what is termed a fraction. In decimal fractions, the de nominator can only be an unit, with one or more ciphers

25

added thereto; as fo, 100, 1006
225 The numerators of these
are usually written without their denominators, and are dis-
tinguished from whole numbers, by prefixing a point called
the separatrix, as,5,25,225.

Ciphers placed to the right hand of decimals, make no
change in their value, for,5,50,500, &c. are decimals of
the same value, cach being equal to . But when prefixed
§.
to the decimal, they decrease the value in a tenfold propor-
tion. Thus,,5,05,,005, have the same proportion to each
other as 5, 50, 500, have in whole numbers.

This is made plain by the following

SET down the numbers according to their value, viz.— units under units, tenths under tenths, &c. Then add as in addition of whole numbers, and place the point in the amount exactly under those in the given sum.