not the iffue of their premisses? therefore as an abfurdity is a monfter, a falfity is a bastard ; and a true conclufion that followeth not from the premiffes, may properly be faid to be adopted. But then what is an enthymem (quoth Cornelius)? Why, an anthymem (replied Crambe) is when the major is indeed married to the minor, but the marriage kept fecret.

METAPHYSICS were a large field in which to exercife the weapons logic had put into their hands. Here Martin and Crambe ufed to engage like any prize fighters, before their father, and his other learned companions of the fympofiacs. And as prize-fighters will agree to lay afide a buckler, or fome fuch defenfive weapon, fo would Crambe promise not to ufe fimpliciter et fecundum quid, provided Martin would part with materialiter et formali ter but it was found, that without the help of the de fenfive armour of thofe diftinctions, the arguments cut fo deep, that they fetched blood at every stroke. thefes were picked out of Suarez, Thomas Aquinas, and other learned writers on thofe fubjects. I fhall give the reader a taffe of some of them..

4

Their

1. If the innate defire of the knowledge of metaphyfics was the caufe of the fall of Adam; and the arbor Porphyriana, the tree of knowledge of good and evil? affirmed.

II. If tranfcendental goodness could be truly predicated of the devil? affirmed.

III. Whether one, or many be firft? or if one doth not fuppofe the motion of many? Suarez.

IV. If the defire of news in mankind be appetitas innatus, not elicitus? affirmed.

V. Whether there is in human understandings potential falfities? affirmed.

VI. Whether God loves a possible angel better than an actually-exifient fy? denied.

VII. If angels pafs from one extreme to another without going through tbe middle? Aquinas.

VIII. If angels know things more clearly in a morning? Aquinas.

IX. Whether every angel hears what one angel fays to another denied. Aquinas.

X. If temptation be proprium quarto modo of the devil? denied. Aquinas.

XI. Whether one devil can illuminate another? Aquinas. XII. If there would have been any females born in the ftate of innocence? Aquinas,

XIII. If the creation was finished in fix days, because fix is the most perfect number, or if fix be the molt perfect number, because the creation was finished in fix days? Aquinas.

There were feveral others, of which in the course of the life of this learned perfon we may have occafion to treat; and one particularly that remains undecided to this day; it was taken from the learned Suarez.

XIV. An præter effe reale actualis effentiæ fit aliud esse neceffarium quo res actualiter exiftat? In English thus. Whether befides the real being of actual being, there be any other being neceffary to cause a thing to be!

This brings into my mind a project to banish metaphy fics out of Spain, which it was fuppofed might be effectu. ated by this method: that no body fhould ufe any com. pound or decompound of the fubftantial verbs but as they are read in the common coujugations: for every body will allow, that if you debar a metaphyfician from ens, effentia, entitas, fubfiftentia, &c. there is an end of

him.

Crambe regretted extremely, that fubftantial forms, a race of harmless beings which had lafted for many years, and afforded a comfortable fubfiftence to many poor philofophers,fhould be now hunted down like fo many wolves, without the poffiblity of a retreat. He confidered that it had gone much harder with them than with effences, which had retired from the Schools into the apothecaries fhops, where fome of them had been advanced into the degree of quinteffences. He thought there fhould be a retreat for poor fubftantial forms, amongst the gentlemen-ufhers at court; and that there were indeed fubftantial forms, such as forms of prayer, and forms of government, without which the things themselves could never long fubfift. He also used to wonder that there was not a reward for fuch as could

could find out a fourth figure in logic, as well as for those who should discover the longitude.

C

CHAP. VIII.

ANATOMY.

ORNELIUS, it is certain, had a moft fuperftitious veneration for the antients; and if they contradict ed each other, his reafon was fo pliant and ductile, that he was always of the opinion of the laft he read. But he reckoned it a point of honour never to be vanquished in a difpute; from which quality he acquired the title of in vincible Doctor. While the profeffor of anatomy was de monstrating to his fon the several kinds of intestines, Cor nelius affirmed that there were only two, the colon and the aichos, according to Hippocrates, who it was impof fible could ever be mistaken. It was in vain to affure him this error proceeded from want of accuracy in divid ing the whole canal of the guts: fay what you please, he replied, this is both mine and Hippocrates's opinion. You may, with equal reason (answered the profeffor) affirm, that a man's liver bath five lobes, and deny the circulation of the blood. Ocular demonftration, faid Cornelius, seems to be on your fide, yet I shall not give it up: fhow me any vifcus of a human body, and I will bring you a monfter that differs from the common rule in the structure of it. If nature fhews fuch variety in the fame age, why may she not have extended it further in feveral ages? Produce me a man now of the age of an antediluvian; of the ftrength of Sampfon, or the fize of the giants the whole, why not in parts of the body, may it not be poffible the prefent generation of men may differ from the antients the moderns have perhaps lengthened the channel of the guts by gluttony, and diminished the liver by hard drinking. Though it fhall be demonstrated that modern blood circulates, yet I will believe, with Hippocrates, that the blood of the antients had a flux and reflux from the heart, like a tide. Confider how luxury hath introduced new difeafes, and with them not impro bably altered the whole courfe of the fluids. Confider

If in

how

how the current of mighty rivers, nay the very channels of the ocean are changed from what they were in antient days; and can be fo vain to imagine that the microcolm of the human body alone is exempted from the fate of all things? I queftion not but plaufible conjectures may ie made even as to the time when the blood fiift began to circulate. Such difputes as thefe frequently perplexed the profeffor to that degree, that he would now and then in a paffion leave him in the middle of a lecture, as he did at this time.

There unfortunately happened foon after, an unusual accident, which retarded the profecution of the ftudies of Martin. Having purchased the body of a malefactor, he hired a room for its diffection near the Peft-fields in St. Giles's, at a little distance from Tyburu-road. Crambe (to whofe care this body was committed) carried it thither about twelve a clock at night in a hackney-coach, few houfe-keepers being very willing to let their lodgings to fuch kind of operators. As he was foftly ftalking up ftairs in the dark with the dead man in his arms, his burden had like to have flipped from him, which he (to save from falling) grafped fo hard about the belly, that it forced the wind through the anus, with a noife exactly like the crepitus of a living man. Crambe (who could not com. prehend how this part of the animal economy could remain in a dead man) was fo terrified, that he threw down the body, ran up to his master, and had fcarce breath to tell him what had happened. Martin with all his philofophy could not prevail upon him to return to his post.---You may fay what you please, quoth Crambe, no man alive ever broke wind more naturaily; nay, he seemed to be mightily relieved by it. -The rolling of the corpfe down ftairs made fuch a noife that it awaked the whole house. The maid shrieked, the landlady cried out, thieves: but the landlord, in his fhirt as he was, taking a candle in one hand, and a drawn sword in the other, ventured out of the room. The maid with only a fingle petticoat ran up stairs, but spurning at the dead body, fell upon it in a fwoon. Now the landlord ftood still and liftened, then he looked behind him, and ventured down in this manner, one step after another, till he came where lay his maid, as dead, upon another corpfe unknown. The VOL. V.

D

wi.e

wife ran into the street and cried out, murder! the watch ran in, while Martin and Crambe, hearing all this uproar, were coming down stairs. The watch imagined they were making their escape, seized them immediately, and carried them to a neighbouring Justice; where, upon fearching them, several kinds of knives and dreadful wea pons were found upon them. The Juftice first examined Crambe-What is your name? fays the Juftice. I have acquired, quoth Crambe, no great name as yet; they call me Crambe, or Crambo, no matter which, as to myself; though it may be fome difpute to pofterity.-What is yours and your master's profeffion?" It is our business 66 to imbrue our hands in blood; we cut off the heads,

and pull out the hearts of those that never injured us; << we rip up big-bellied women, and tear children limb

from limb." Martin endeavoured to interrupt him; but the Juftice being strangely astonished with the franknefs of Crambe's confeffion, ordered him to proceed; upon which he made the following speech :

"May it please your Worship, as touching the body ❝of this man, I can answer each head that my accufers

alledge against me, to a hair. They have hitherto "talked like num-fculls without brains; but if your "Worship will not only give ear, hut regard me with a "favourable eye, I will not be brow-beaten by the fu"percilious looks of my adverfaries, who now ftand "cheek by jowl by your Worship. I will prove to their faces, that their foul mouths have not opened their lips "without a falfity; though they have showed their teeth

as if they would bite off my nofe. Now, Sir, that I "may fairly flip my neck out of the collar, I beg this "matter may not be flightly fkimed over. Though I "have no man here to back me, I will unbofom myself, <fince truth is on my fide, and fhall give them their

bellies full, though they think they have me upon the hip. Whereas they fay I came into their lodgings, "with arms, and murdered this man withont their privi" ty, I declare I had not the leaft finger in it; and fince "I am to stand upon my own legs, nothing of this mat❝ter fhall be left till I fet it upon a right foot. In the "vein I am in, I cannot for my heart's blood and guts bear this ufage: I shall not fare my lungs to defend

"my