logue. Later act the parts, giving the speeches from

memory.

3. Write the story as a dialogue, putting the whole of it in the dialogue form.

4. Lie, meaning to recline.

lie lay lain.

I lie down to rest.
You lie on the couch.
He lies under the tree.
We lie upon the ground.
I had lain down to rest.
I lay in the hammock.
You lay in the tent.

He lay near the door.

We lay awake all night.

You had lain upon the couch for an hour.

He had lain asleep the whole time.

We had lain on the damp grass too long.

Fill in the blanks with forms of lie.

To lay, meaning to place or put a thing.
Henry lays the wood on the fire.

Yesterday James laid the tile in the ditch.
I have now laid my books aside.

Charlemagne crossed over the Alps with his army and came down into the plains of Northern Italy. Here the Christian host joined in battle with the Pagan army. After some fierce fighting, the Christians were driven back in flight. Roland and his friend Ogier, the Dane, watched the battle from the hill-top, not being allowed

to join in the fighting because they were only young . squires not yet raised to Knighthood.

But, seeing the desperate state of the king and his army, Roland, with Ogier and other young squires, rushed down the hill, stopped a troop of retreating knights, seized their armor and weapons, mounted their war-horses and made a furious charge against the Pagan army. They came up just in time to save the life of the king and to drive back the enemy in retreat, winning a great victory for the Christians.

After the battle Charlemagne gathered his knights together and when their helmets were removed, was greatly surprised to find the young squires had saved him and his army.

Then turning to Charlemagne, Duke Namon asked, "What is to hinder, my Lord, from investing these young men with the honors of knighthood?"

"They richly deserve it," answered the king. "Let us make ready at once for the ceremonies. Such valor must not long be unrewarded."

When everything was in readiness, the young men knelt before the king. The good archbishop, after a solemn service, spoke briefly of the duties of the knight, and warned them of the difficulties and temptations in their way. Then, taking three swords, he blessed them, and

laid them upon the rude altar which had been hastily built for the occasion. When this had been done, the king stepped forward, sword in hand, and, smiting each of the young men three times upon the shoulder, he said, "In the name of God and St. Michael, I dub thee knight; be valiant, loyal and true."

The oath of chivalry was now taken by the new-made knights. Each swore that he would be faithful to God, and loyal to the king; that he would reverence all women; that he would ever be mindful of the poor and helpless; that he would never engage in an unrighteous war; that he would never seek to exalt himself to the injury of others; that he would speak the truth, and love mercy, and deal justly with all men. And Charlemagne blessed them, and promised to love them as his sons; and they, in turn, vowed to love and honor him as their father in knighthood. And then, having donned their helmets, they mounted their steeds, which stood in readiness, and rode away full-made knights.

Adapted from The Story of Roland, by Baldwin.

Exercises

1. In feudal times it was the ambition of all strong and brave young men to become knights. As knights they could put on armor, mount the war-horse with