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but the same God who produces all effects in all men.

Each has the disclosure of the Spirit given him with a view to profit : to one through the Spirit is given speech of wisdom,

and to another speech of knowledge from the same Spirit,

to another in the same Spirit faith,

and to another in the one Spirit talents to heal,

to another the effecting of miraculous powers,
to another prophecy,

to another discerning of spirits,

to another various kinds of tongues,

and to another the interpretation of tongues.

But one and the same Spirit produces all these effects,
dividing as he wills to each individually.

12 For in the same way as the body is one and has many members, yet all the members of the body, many as they are, compose one body: so too is 13 Christ. For in one spirit also we all had ourselves baptised into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free men, and we were 14 all imbued with one Spirit. Why, even the body is not composed of one member but of many.

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Were the foot to say, “Because I am not the hand, I am no part of the body,"

That does not make it no part of the body:

And were the ear to say, "Because I am not the eye, I am no part

of the body,"

That does not make it no part of the body.

Were the whole body an eye, where would the hearing be?

Were the whole body hearing, where would the smelling be?

18 As it is, God has set the members within the body, each one of them even as it pleased him.

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Were they all one member, where would the body be?

20 As it is, there are many members and one body.

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The eye cannot say to the hand, "I have no need of thee":
Nor again the head to the feet, "I have no need of you.”

22 Quite the contrary. It is rather those members of the body which 23 seem to be feebler that are necessary; and the parts of the body which we consider less honourable are the very parts we invest with ampler honour. 24 Our uncomely parts get ampler comeliness, while our comely parts do not need it.

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Yes, God has tempered the body together,

giving ampler honour to the inferior part,

that there should be no division in the body,

but that the members should have the same concern for one another. So if one member suffers,

all the members suffer with it:

if one is exalted,

all the members rejoice with it.

27, 28 Now you are Christ's body, and members each in his part. That is to say, God has set people in the Community first to be apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly teachers, then for miraculous powers, then for talents to

heal, for works of succour, works of government, various kinds of tongues. 29 Are all apostles? are all prophets? are all teachers? have all miraculous 30 powers? have all talents to heal? do all speak with tongues? do all 31 interpret? Covet the greater talents. And yet I will further show you a higher way than all.

9

Though I speak with the tongues of men and angels

Yet have no love,

I am echoing brass or a clanging cymbal.

And though I have prophecy and know all secrets and all knowledge,
And though I have all faith, enough to remove mountains,

Yet have no love,

I count for nothing.

And though I dole out all my substance in food,

And though I give my body to be burned,

Yet have no love,

I am no gainer.

Love is longsuffering, kind,

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Love is not jealous, no boaster, not puffed up:
She acts not unseemly, seeks not her own ends,
She is not irritated, imputes no evil,

Rejoices not at iniquity, but rejoices with the truth,
Bears all, believes all,

Hopes for all, endures all.

Love never fails:

But as for prophecies, they shall be done away,
As for tongues, they shall cease,

As for knowledge, it shall be done away.

For in part we know and in part we prophesy :

10 But when that which is perfect arrives,

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That which is in part shall be done away.
When I was a child,

Like a child I talked,
Like a child I felt,

Like a child I reasoned :

Now that I have become a man,

I am done with childish things.

12 For at present we look through a mirror, dimly,

But then it will be face to face :

At present I know in part,

But then I shall fully know, as also I am fully known.

13 So now these three remain, faith, hope, and love:

But the greatest of these is love.

14 1 Be love your aim ! Covet the spiritual gifts - preferring that of 2 prophecy. For he who speaks in a tongue speaks not to men, but to God. 3 No one understands; the man is uttering secrets in the Spirit. On the other hand, he who prophesies speaks to men for upbuilding and encour4 agement and consolation. He who speaks in a tongue builds up himself, 5 but he who prophesies builds up the Community. Now I would have you all speak with tongues, but I would prefer you to prophesy. He who prophesies is greater than he who speaks with tongues; unless indeed 6 the latter interprets, so that the Community may be built up. What use now shall I be to you, brothers, if I come to you speaking with tongues, unless I speak to you either in the form of revelation or of knowledge 1 Omitting [[ άyατú]].

7 or of prophecy or of teaching? If things inanimate, like the flute or the harp, have no intervals occurring in their music, how can one catch the air that is being played on flute or harp, for all the sound they 8 make? And if the trumpet gives an indistinct sound, who will make 9 himself ready for battle? So too with yourselves; unless your tongue utters speech that is readily understood, how are people to know what 10 you say? You will be speaking into the air. There are, for example, many kinds of languages in the world, and nothing lacks a language. 11 Well, unless I understand the meaning of the language, I shall be a foreigner to the man who is speaking; and to my mind the man who is 12 speaking will be a foreigner. So too with yourselves; since you are bent upon having spirits, seek to excel with a view to build up the 13 Community. Therefore let him who speaks with a tongue pray that he 14 may interpret. For if I pray with a tongue, my spirit prays but my 15 understanding produces no fruit. Very well then, I will pray with the spirit, and I will also pray with the understanding; I will sing praise with the spirit, and I will also sing praise with the understanding. 16 Otherwise, suppose thou art saying a blessing with the spirit, how is he who occupies the position of the uneducated to say the "amen to thy 17 thanksgiving? The man does not know what thou art saying! Thy thanksgiving is all very well; but then, the other man is not built up. 18, 19 I thank God that more than any of you I speak with tongues; yet in the congregation I would rather speak five words with my understanding, so as to instruct others as well, than ten thousand words in a tongue.

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Brothers, be not children in mind. Be infants in malice, but in mind 21 be full-grown. In the law it is written, "By men of alien tongues and by the lips of aliens will I speak to this people; yet not even thus will they listen 22 to me," saith the Lord. So then tongues are meant for a sign not to the believing, but to the unbelieving; prophesying again is meant for a sign 23 not to the unbelieving, but to the believing. If the whole Community then assemble together and all speak with tongues, and if uneducated or 24 unbelieving men come in, will they not say you are mad? Whereas if all are prophesying, and an unbelieving or uneducated person come in, he is 25 convicted by all, he is judged by all, the secrets of his heart are disclosed; and so, falling on his face, he will worship God, declaring "God is really among you."

26 Very well, then, brothers: when you assemble, each one has a psalın, a lesson, a revelation, a tongue, an interpretation; let all be done for 27 upbuilding. If any man speaks in a tongue, let only two or at most three speak at one meeting, and that in turn; also let someone interpret. 28 But if there is no interpreter, let the man keep silence in the congrega29 tion, and speak to himself and to God. Let the prophets also speak, two 30 or three of them, and let the others use their judgment. But if a

revelation is made to another prophet who is sitting by, let the first 31 speaker be silent. For you can all prophesy one by one, so that all may 32 learn, and all be encouraged. And the spirits of the prophets are subject 33, 34 to the prophets, for God is a God not of disorder but of harmony. [As

in all the Communities of the saints, let women keep silence in the congregations. They are not permitted to speak. Let them be in subjec35 tion, as also the law enjoins. If they wish to learn anything, let them ask their own husbands at home; it is disgraceful for a woman to speak 36 in the congregation.] What? Was it from you that the word of God 37 started? Are you the only people it has reached? If anyone considers

1 Reading γλώσσαις.

himself a prophet or spiritual, let him understand that what I write to 38 you is a commandment of the Lord. But if anyone disregards it—well, let him disregard 1 it.

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So then, my brothers, covet prophecy, and forbid not speech with 40 tongues. But let all be done with propriety and in order.

15 1 Now I make known to you, brothers, the gospel that I preached to 2 you, which also you received, in which also you stand, by which also you are being saved, if you are holding fast the word that I preached to 3 you-unless indeed you believed in vain. For I handed on to you first of all that which I also received: namely, that Christ died for our sins 4 according to the scriptures, and that he was buried, and that he rose on 5 the third day according to the scriptures, and that he was seen by 6 Kephas, then by the twelve; after that, he was seen by upwards of five hundred brothers all at once, of whom the greater number survive to this 7 day, but some have fallen asleep; after that he was seen by James, then 8 by all the apostles, and last of all, by one misborn (as it were), he was seen 9 also by me. For I am the least of the apostles, I who am not fit to be 10 called "apostle," because I persecuted the Community of God. But by the grace of God I am what I am; and the grace he showed to me did not prove in vain. No, I laboured far beyond them all-yet not so much I, as 11 the grace of God along with me. Be it I then or they, so we preach, and so you believed.

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Now if the preaching of Christ is that he rose from the dead, how is it that some people among you say "there is no such thing as a resurrection 13 of the dead"? If "there is no such thing as a resurrection of the dead,” 14 Christ did not rise either; and if Christ did not rise, then 2 vain is our 15 preaching after all, vain also your faith. Yes, and we are found to be false witnesses of God, because we witnessed against God in saying that "he raised Christ"-whom he did not raise, if dead men after all do not 16, 17 rise. For if dead men do not rise, Christ did not rise either; and if Christ did not rise, your faith is futile, you are still in your sins. 18, 19 Besides, those who fell asleep in Christ perished after all. If in this life we have nothing but a mere hope in Christ, we are of all men to be 20 pitied most. But, as it is, Christ did rise from the dead, the firstfruits of those who are asleep. For since through man came death,

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Through man came also resurrection of the dead:

As all die in Adam,

So also shall all be made alive in Christ.

23 But each in his own rank: Christ the firstfruits, after that, all who 24 are Christ's at his arrival; then comes the end, when he delivers up the royal power to the God and Father, when he shall have put down all 25 rule and all authority and power. For he must reign until he has put 26 all his enemies under his feet. Last enemy of all, death shall be put 27 down. For he has made all things subject under his feet. Now, when it says "all things are made subject," clearly that excludes the One who 28 made all things subject to him. But when all things are made subject to him, then the Son himself shall also be made subject to the One who made all things subject to him, that God may be all in all. 29 Otherwise, what can be the meaning of those who get baptized on behalf of the dead? If dead men do not rise at all, why do they get baptised on 30, 31 their behalf? And why are we ourselves in danger every hour? (Daily I die I swear it by my exulting in you, brothers, in Christ Jesus our 2 Omitting [[xi]].

1 Reading ἀγνοεῖτω.

32 Lord.) If, humanly speaking, I "fought with beasts" at Ephesus, what use is that to me? If dead men rise not, let us eat and drink, for to33 morrow we die! Be not misled: "bad companionships are the ruin of Awake to uprightness, and sin not! For some are in ignorance of God. I am speaking to rouse your shame.

34 honest morals."

35 But, one will say, "How do the dead rise? With what kind of body 36 do they come?" Senseless man! what thou sowest is not made alive 37 unless it dies. And in sowing, what thou sowest is not the body that is to be, but a mere grain of wheat, for example, or of some other kind of seed; 38 yet God gives it a body even as he wills, namely, to each kind of seed a 39 body of its own. All flesh is not the same flesh. There is one flesh of

men, and another flesh of beasts, one flesh of birds, and another of fishes. 40 There are heavenly bodies and also earthly bodies; but the splendour of the heavenly is one thing, and the splendour of the earthly is another. 41 There is one splendour of the sun, and another splendour of the moon, 42 and another splendour of the stars; for star excels star in splendour. So it is also with the resurrection of the dead.

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"The first man Adam became a living soul:
The last Adam, a life-making spirit."

But the spiritual is not first, it is the natural :
After that the spiritual.

The first man is from the earth, material:

The second man is from heaven.

As is the material, so are those who are material :

And as is the heavenly, so are those who are heavenly.
And as we have worn the image of the material,
We are also to wear 1 the image of the heavenly.

50 What I say is this, brothers.

Flesh and blood cannot inherit the reign of God,
Nor does the perishing inherit the imperishable.

51 Lo, I tell you a secret!

Not all of us shall fall asleep,

But all of us shall be changed

In an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet.
For the trumpet shall sound,

And the dead shall be raised imperishable,

And we shall be changed.

For this perishing thing must put on the imperishable,

And this mortal thing must put on immortality;

But when this perishing thing shall have put on the imperishable,
And this mortal thing shall have put on immortality,

Then shall come to pass the word which is written :

1 Reading φορέσομεν.