The gospel was written under the colours of a primitive apostle. But under cover of that teacher's passionately defended authority we have a new spirit, views that go far beyond those of the primitive church. This teaching does not merely presuppose Paulinism and its consequences, to which indeed there is nowhere a clear reference. It already implies the existence of that Christianity which had begun on heathen soil to develop into an unfettered world-religion, and had carried with it all the healthier elements of Jewish Christianity. The union at so early a date of the personal faith in Jesus with the doctrine of the Logos, in itself became of the greatest significance for the history of Christianity. It meant neither more nor less than that the church had come to regard its religion as universal, and that, in a form which prepared the way for the whole future amalgamation of the Christian idea with the highest thought of Greek philosophy. . . . For a primitive apostle, this is inconceivable. But by one who wrote at second-hand the communications of an apostle could be related to a theology which justified and explained faith in Christ as faith in the Logos of God; by such a writer the whole life, the whole aspect of it, could be transformed into a great haggadic, didactic work.-Weizsäcker.

Galilee (ii) miracle, cure of officer's son.

443-671 The earlier ministry: Jerusalem: festival, (iii) miracle: speech

13-17 Jesus and the disciples: the last speeches on

the Lord's prayer.

the union of Christ and his disciples. the Spirit and the future.

(in the garden-betrayal by Judas.
before Annas and Kaiaphas-denial by
Peter.

before Pilate-trial, crucifixion, death,
and burial.

(Mary Magdalenê.

the eleven disciples.

After death: the threefold appearance of Jesus to the ten disciples.

[Appendix: Jesus and the disciples at the lake of Galilee.]

THE FOURTH GOSPEL

1 1 In the beginning was the Logos, And the Logos was with God, And the Logos was God:

2 The same was in the beginning with God.

3

4

5

All things were made through him,

And apart from him not one thing was made that has been made.
In him was life,

And the life was the light of men.

And the light shines in the darkness,

Yet the darkness has not extinguished it.

6 There appeared a man sent from God, whose name was John.

7 The same came to bear witness,

To witness concerning the light,

That all might believe through him.

8

He was not the light,

But he came to witness concerning the light.

9 The true light which lightens every man was coming into the world. In the world he was,

10

11

12

13

And through him the world was made,

Yet the world knew him not:

He came to his home,

Yet his own people did not welcome him.

But to all who accepted him he gave the power of becoming God's children

Even to those who believe on his name

Who were born, not of blood, nor of the inclination of the flesh, nor of the inclination of man, but of God.

14 And the Logos became flesh and dwelt among us.

And we beheld his majesty, majesty such as the only Son has from the Father,

Full of grace and truth;

15 (John bears witness of him, and cries, saying, "This is he of whom I said :

'He who comes after me is put before me,

For he was earlier than I."")

For out of his fulness we have all received,

Even grace upon grace.

17 For the law was given through Moses:

18

19

The grace and the truth came through Jesus Christ.

No one has ever seen God:

The only Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, it was he who unfolded him.

And this is the witness of John. When the Jews sent priests and 20 Levites to him from Jerusalem to ask him, "Who art thou?" he owned ---he would not deny it-he owned, "It is not I who am the Christ."

21 And they asked him, "What then? Art thou Elijah ?" And he says, "I 22 am not." "Art thou the Prophet?" And he answered, "No." They said to him then, "Who art thou? tell us, that we may have a reply to 23 give to those who sent us. What sayest thou of thyself?" He said, "I am The voice of one crying in the wilderness,

Make level the way of the Lord';

24 even as the prophet Isaiah said." And it was some of the Pharisees 25 who had been sent; and they asked him, and said to him, "Why art thou baptizing then, if thou art neither the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the 26 Prophet?" John answered them, saying,

27

"With water I baptize.

In the midst of you stands one whom

He who comes after me:

you know not,

The thong of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie."

28 This took place in Bethany across the Jordan, where John was baptizing. 29 On the next day he sees Jesus coming to him, and says, "Behold! it is 30 the Lamb of God, who takes the sin of the world away. This is he of

whom I said, 'After me comes a man who is put before me; for he was 31 earlier than I.' And I did not know him myself; but I have come 32 baptizing with water, in order that he may be disclosed to Israel." And John bore witness, saying, "I have beheld the Spirit descending like a 33 dove out of the sky, and it rested upon him. And I did not know him myself; but he who sent me to baptize with water, he said to me, 'On whomsoever thou shalt see the Spirit descending and resting upon him, 34 the same is he who baptizes with the holy Spirit.' And I have seen, and I have borne witness that this is the Son of God."

35

On the next day again John was standing along with two of his 36 disciples, and as Jesus walked he looked at him and says, "Behold! it is 37 the Lamb of God!" And the two disciples heard him speak, and they 38 followed Jesus. Now Jesus turned and observed them following; and he says to them, "What do you want?" And they said to him, Rabbi," (that is, when translated, "Teacher")" where art thou 39 staying?" He says to them, "Come, and you shall see." So they

43

came and saw where he stayed, and they stayed with him that day (it 40 was about the tenth hour). One of the two men who heard what John 41 said and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. First of all he finds his own brother Simon, and says to him, "We have found the 42 Messiah" (that is, when translated, "Christ"). He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, "Thou art Simon, the son of John. Thou shalt be called Kephas" (that is, when translated, "Peter"). On the next day he desired to depart into Galilee, and there 44 he finds Philip. And Jesus says to him, "Follow me." Now Philip was from Bethsaida, he belonged to the city of Andrew and Peter. 45 Philip finds Nathanael and says to him, "We have found him of whom Moses wrote in the law, and of whom the prophets wrote, Jesus the son 46 of Joseph, who is from Nazaret." And Nathanael said to him, “Can anything good come out of Nazaret?" Philip says to him, "Come and 47 see." Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and says of him, “Look! 48 there is an Israelite, to be sure, in whom there is no guile!" Nathanael says to him, "Whence knowest thou me ?" Jesus answered and said to him, "Before Philip called thee, I saw thee, when thou wast under the 49 fig-tree." Nathanael answered him, "Rabbi, thou art the Son of God, 50 thou art king of Israel!" Jesus answered and said to him, "Believest thou, because I said to thee that I saw thee below the fig-tree? Thou shalt

51 see greater things than these." And he says to him, "Truly, I tell you, truly, you shall see the sky opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.'

21 And on the third day a marriage took place in Kana of Galilee; and 2 the mother of Jesus was there. Now Jesus had also been invited to the 3 marriage, with his disciples. And on the wine running short, the mother 4 of Jesus says to him, "They have no wine." But Jesus says to her, "Woman, what have I to do with thee? My hour has not come yet." 5, 6 His mother says to the servants, "Do whatever he tells you." Now there were six stone water-jars lying there, in accordance with the Jews' 7 practice of purification, each holding about twenty gallons. Jesus says to them, "Fill the water-jars with water." And they filled them up to 8 the brim. And he says to them, "Now, draw some out and take it to 9 the master of the table." And they took it. Now when the master of the table tasted the water which had become wine, and knew not where it had come from (but the servants who had drawn the water knew), the 10 master of the table calls the bridegroom and says to him, "Every man serves the good wine first, and when people have got drunk he serves the poorer wine. Thou hast kept the good wine until now!"

11 Jesus made this beginning of the signs in Kana of Galilee, and disclosed his majesty; and his disciples believed on him.

12

13

After this he went down to Kapharnahum, he and his mother_and his brothers and his disciples; and there they stayed for a few days. And when the passover of the Jews was near, Jesus went up 14 to Jerusalem. And he found sitting in the temple sellers of oxen and 15 sheep and doves, and money-brokers. Then, making a scourge of cords he drove them all, sheep and oxen together, out of the temple, and he 16 scattered the coins of the money-changers and upset their tables; and he said to the sellers of doves, "Take these hence. Make not my Father's 17 house a house of trade." (His disciples remembered that it was 18 written, Zeal for thy house consumes me.) The Jews then addressed him,

saying, "What sign hast thou to show us, since thou art acting thus?" 19 Jesus answered and said to them, "Destroy this sanctuary, and in three 20 days I will raise it up." The Jews then said, "Six and forty years this sanctuary took to build. And thou wilt raise it up in three days' 21, 22 time!" But he was speaking of the sanctuary of his body. (So when he rose from the dead, his disciples remembered that he said this; and they believed the scripture and the word which Jesus had spoken.)

23

Now when he was in Jerusalem at the passover, celebrating the festival, many believed on his name when they saw his signs which he 24 was performing. But he, Jesus, would not trust himself to them, since 25 he knew them all, and because he required no one to bear witness 31 concerning man; for he knew what was in man. Now there

was a man belonging to the Pharisees named Nikodemus, a ruler of the

2 Jews. He came to him by night and said to him,

66 Rabbi, we know thou hast come as a teacher from God:

For no one can perform those signs which thou art performing, unless God be with him."

3 Jesus answered and said to him,

"Truly, I tell thee, truly,

Unless a man be born from above

He cannot see the reign of God."

4 Nikodemus says to him,