114. The adjectives this, that, and enough, agree with their substantives in number. This man is wise. These men are happy. That boy is playful. Those boys are diligent. There is food enough. We have apples enow. The adjective enough always follows the substantive to which it belongs. See Art. 54, note. 115. Pronouns must correspond in number and gender with the nouns which they represent. Virgil is called the prince of Latin poets: He was born at Mantua. Agrippina was the wife of Claudius; and she is said to have poisoned him in order to make her son empe There is a remarkable exception to this rule in the application of you the plural of thou, to a single person. See Art. 50, note. Note. The English, like some other languages, observes a priority with respect to persons, when a pronoun in the plural number has relation to different persons. The first is preferred to the second, and the second to the third; as James, William, and I are school fellows; we belong to the same class; You, and Edward, and John are neighbours you live in the same parish. The pronoun them is sometimes very improperly used as an adjective with a noun. Hand me them books. 116. The relative is of the same number and person as its antecedent, and the verb agrees with it accordingly. Thou who hatest reproof art unwise. He who is diligent merits praise. I who am content, do not envy. The horse which runs will stumble. The fishes which swim will be caught. 117. A noun or pronoun put in apposition with another, i. e. in order to express or explain its aning more fully, must be put in the same gustus the Roman Emperor, he who succeeded Julius ", is variously described. iam the Conqueror was a powerful princep RULES OF GOVERNMENT. The pronoun or noun coming before a st be in the nominative case. wain. Thou seest. We love. She reads. They hear.. 119. The pronoun or noun following a transitive verb, must be in the objective case. I praise him. Thou lovest me. He blamed them He admonished us. We will assist you. 120. The verb to be, through all its variations, must have the same case after as it has before it. It is . Who art thou? I am he. We are they. John is to be the man. I believe it to be him. He took us to be them. 121. If there come no subject expressed or understood, between the relative and the verb, the relative must be in the nominative case. The boy who is diligent shall be rewarded. They that seek wisdom, shall find her. Those pleasures are me. to be valued, which accompany us through the whole of our existence, 122. If a subject, expressed or understood, come between the relative who and the verb, the relative must be put in the objective case. This is the man whom the Lord delighteth to honour. Men commonly hate him whom they fear. The boys whom you sent, are returned. 123. When a question is asked by the relative who, and the answer given by the pronoun only, they shall both be put in the same case. Q. Who chooses to walk? A. I. A. Mine. A. Him. The reason of this will be obvious, if we complete any of the sentences: For instance, Q. Who chooses to walk? A. I, i. e. I choose to walk. 124. The relation of property or possession may be expressed by the possessive case. I admire Thomson's works. George's horse moves well. He extolled the soldier's valour. Teach me to feel another's woe. Pope. 125. Adjectives denoting plurality are sometimes joined to singular nouns of number, weight and measure.. The fleet consisted of twenty sail. He was followed by six score men. He shot ten brace of partridges. I have thirty head of cattle. 126. One verb following another verb is put in the infinitive mode. Boys love to play. We desire to learn. I rejoice to see my father and mother. 127. An infinitive mode is frequently governed by an adjective, noun, pronoun, or participle. He is apt to learn, has opportunity to learn, knows that I wish him to learn, and is now really endeavouring to learn. 128. The particle to is usually omitted after the verbs bid, dare, feel, let, make, need, hear, and see. I shall bid him be silent. He dares not tell a lie. I will make him confess. Let us hearken to the precepts of virtue. I saw him go into the house. I feel the fire burn. Thy Hector, wrapt in everlasting sleep, Shall neither hear thee sigh, nor see thee weep. Pope's Homer. The present participle is sometimes elegantly put in place of the infinitive mode. I saw her weeping; heard him scolding, and felt the fire burning. The preposition for is very improperly used before an infinitive mode. He directed me for to bring it. I wish for to go. 129. Participles govern the same cases as the verbs from which they are derived. We were seeking him, he was instructing them. Edward being master, and finding us idle, after he had reproved us, dismissed the class. Note. The past participle with the verb to have before it, is followed by the objective case; as I have called him, but if it be preceded by the verb to be, it is followed by a nominative case: as he was called John. 130. A noun or pronoun, when put absolutely with a participle, i. e. without dependance on the rest of the sentence, shall be in the nominative case. The sun being risen, we pursued our journey. The assembly being dismissed, we returned home. He having finished his discourse, Philip replied. 131. A noun or pronoun in the second person, may be put absolutely in the nominative case. Colonel, I am your most obedient-Let me ask you one question, Sir Harry." Paul, thou art beside thyself; much learning doth make thee mad." "I am not mad, most noble Festus, but speak forth the words of truth and soberness." It must be so, Plato, thou reason'st well. Addison. 132. Prepositions govern the objective case of a pronoun or noun. I went with him. He came to me They ran be fore us. To whom did Peter give the book? The case governed by a preposition, may with pro priety, be called the prepositional case, in distinction from that which is the object of a verb or participle. 133. The relative who, after the conjunction than, must be put in the objective case. Titus, than whom no prince was more beloved, suc. ceeded his father Vespasian. I have been reading Cicero, than whom no author is more eloquent. 134. Many conjunctions require other corresponding conjunctions; as Although or though, Yet or nevertheless. Whether Either Neither Or. Or. Nor. As, implying comparison, So. As, implying a comparison of equality, As. So, expressing a consequence, That. |