H' Laws belonging to Theft. E who feals, fhall pay double the Value of the Thing he stole to the Owner, and as much to the publick Exchequer. If any Body hath had any thing ftoln from him, and has it reftor'd, the Thief, with the Abettor, fhall pay double the Value; but in cafe the Thief doth not make Reftitution ten-fold, and be fet in the Stocks five Days, and as many Nights, if the Heliafts fo order it; this Order shall then be made, when they confider what Punishment to inflict upon him. Thefe two Laws were enacted by Solon. If any one hath filcht away any thing by Day, worth above fifty Drachms, let the Action call'd Azaywyn be put in Execution against him before the Eleven; but, if in the Night, any one hath Liberty to killhim, or, upon his making away, to, wound him, and to iffue the fame Action out against him; by which, if he be caft, he shall die without any Conceffion for Sureties, to put in Bail for the Reftitution of the foln Goods. He, farther, that fhall pilfer out of the Lyceum, Academia, Cynofarges, or any of the Gymnafia any thing of the leaft Value, as a Garment, Oil-vial, &c. or above ten Drachms out of the Baths, or Ports, fhall fuffer Death ". He that puts a Man in Prison for Thievery, and cannot prove it upon him, fhall be fin'd a thousand Drachms". All Cut-purfes, Burglars, and Kidnappers, if convicted, fhall fuffer Death *. He who makes fearch after Thieves in another's House, must have only a thin Garment hanging loofe about him. He that takes away any thing which is not his own, fhall be liable to die for it. One of Draco's Laws. See Book I. Chap. xxvi. It's a capital Crime to break into a Man's Orchard, and steal his Figs 3. This Law was abrogated by the following. They who teal Figs, fhall be fin'd. See Book I. Chap. xxi. N Laws refraining Reproaches. 2 O one fhall calumniate, or defame any Perfon while alive, in the Temples, Judicial Courts, Treafuries, or Places where Games are celebrated: The Delinquent herein, fhall pay three Drachms to the injur'd Man, and two to the publick Treafury. One of Solon's Laws. He fhall be fin'd who flanders any Man, Another of Solon's Laws. He fhall incur a Mulet of five, hundred Drachms, who twits any one with committing fome heinous Offence against the Laws f. A. Gellins, lib. X. cap. 18. Demofthenes Timocratea. "Demofthen. ibid. w Suidas. z Pintarchus Ariftophanis * Xenophon Аñóμμov. lib. I. Y Ariftophanis Scholiaftes Nubibus. Solone, A. Gellius, lib. XI. cap. 18. Scholiaft., Equitibus. Ifocrates in Lochitems a Feftus. Plutarchus Solone. b Suidas. Lyfias, Orat. I. in Theomneftum. No one fhall call another Cut-throat, or Murderer 8. He that upbraids another for cafting away his Buckler, fhall be fin'd". See Book III. Chap. xiii. T Laws about the Management of Affairs. HEY who have been negligent in carrying on any Business, fhall answer for that Neglect i. No Woman fhall have any farther to do in Affairs than a Medimn of Barley will fatisfie for Performance k. Laws referring to Entertainments. O Entertainment is to confift of above thirty Guests 1: N° ry All Cooks hir'd to drefs up Dishes for Entertainments, are to carin their Names to the Gyneconymi None but mix'd Wines fhall be drank at Banquets ". Let pure and unmix'd Wines be referv'd till afterwards, for a relishing Tafte to the Honour of the good Genius: See Book IV. Chap. xx. The Areopagites fhall take Cognizance of all Drunkards P. A Law relating to Accufations concerning Mines. F any one hath prohibited another from working in the Mines, or hath carry'd Fire into them, carry'd away another's Utenfils, or Tools, or if he hath dug beyond his Limits, fuch an one may be profecuted with the Action call'd Aix λ¶. T A Law appertaining to the Action Eirayyería. Imocrates hath enacted, that whatfoever Athenian is caft by the Action Elgayyidin before the Senate, and fhall be fecured by Imprisonment before, or after the Indictment, his Name not being inferted according to Law by the Scribe of that Prytanie in the Accufation-note, and carry'd up to the Thefmotheta, the Thefmothete within thirty Days after the Receipt of the Bill, unlefs fome great Emergency of State intervene, fhall appoint the Eleven to fit in Judgment over it, before whom any Athenian may accuse him; if he be convicted, the Helica shall inflict upon him Punishment, either corporal or pecuniary; if the latter, he fhall be clapt into Goal till he pay it. See Book I. Chap. xxiii. TH Military Laws. HE Time for Military-Service fhall be from eighteen Years to forty. Lynsens Samins in Apophthegmat. Athenans, lib. VI. Alexis Afopo. o Athenæus, lib. VI. Demo henes in Timocratem. k Dio Chry Idem 5 Till twenty, Men fhall remain within Attica to be ready in Arms, after that they fhall ferve in the Army without Attica. See Book. III. Chap. ii. He fhall be Aru, who offers to ferve in the Horfe, before he has undergone the accuftom'd Probation. See Book III. Chap. iii. The Chivalry fhall be detach'd out of the most puiffant and worthy Athenians". Soldiers fhall not obferve the Punctilios of Sprucenefs and Foppery, in their Hair, &c.". This Law was enacted by Cineas and Phrynus. See Book III. Chap. viii. None fhall pawn their Arms *. He fhall fuffer Death who hath betray'd a Garrifon, Ship, or Army. All Revolters to the Enemy shall undergo the fame Penalty. See Book III. Chap. xiii. There fhall be no marching before the feventh of the Month . See Book III. Chap. vii. The Ceremony for proclaiming of War fhall be by putting a Lamb into the Enemy's Territories. See as before. The Polemarch fhall lead up the right Wing of the Army See Book III. Chap. iv. All publick Revenue-keepers, and Dancers at the Aioroona, shall be exempted from ferving in the Army. See Book III. Chap. ii. T Of Military Punishments and Rewards. HEY, who have maintain'd their Poft with Courage, fhall be advanc'd, and others degraded. See Book III. Chap. xiii. All Refufers to go into the Army, Cowards, and Run-aways, fhall be expell'd the Forum, fhall not be crown'd, or go to the publick Temples; he, who offends against this Law, fhall be put into Bonds by the Eleven, and carry'd before the Heliafe, where any one impower'd may accuse him; if he is prov'd guilty, the Heliafte fhall pronounce Sentence, and inflict upon him, as the Nature of his Crime requires, a Mulet, or corporal Penance; if the former, he fhall lie in Goal till he pays it . See as before, and in the Laws following. Let him be Aru who cafts away his Arms®. He, who during the War by Sea, runs away from his Ship; and he, who being preft doth not go, fhall be Arif. See Book III. Chap. xx. All difabled and wounded Soldiers fhall be maintain'd out of the publick Fame. This was enacted by Pisistratus. · Their Parents, and Children fhall be taken care for, that are cut off in War; if Parents are kill'd, their Children fhall be put to School at the publick Charge; and when come to Maturity of Age, fhall be prefented with a whole Suit of Armour, fettled every one in his respective * Idem ad Plutum. Ulpianus in Olinthiac. III. Lyfias in Alcibiadem. u Xenophon Hipparchico. "Ariftophanis Scholiaftes ad Equites. y Zenobius, Cent. II. Prov. LXXIX. z Diogenianus Cent. II. Prov. XCVI. a Herodotus Erato. b Demofthenes in Nearam, & in Mediam. • Xenophon Hipparchico. d Demosthenes in Timocratem, fchines in Crefiphontem. Lyfias Orat. I. in Theomneftum. f Plutarchus Solone. B Laertius Solone. Calling, N 3 Calling, and honour'd with firft Seats in all publick Places h. One of Solon's Laws. T Miscellany Laws. HEY fhall be prosecuted for Ingratitude, who do not retaliate The Borough, and Name of every one's Father fhall be written down in all Deeds, Compacts, Suits, and other Concerns *. A Discoverer, who alledges Truth, fhall be fecure; but if Falfhood, fhall fuffer Death 1. He fhall be Ar, who ftands Neuter in any publick Sedition". This Law was enacted by Solon, to oblige every Athenian to promote the Welfare of the Commonwealth to his utmost. He shall die, who leaves the City for Refidence in the Piraeus". This Law was enacted by Solon to prevent Difcord amongst the Athenians. He shall be fin'd, who is feen to walk the City-ftreets with a Sword by his Side, or having about him other Armour, unless in case of Exigency. One of Solon's Laws. See Book III. Chap. iv. He fhall be denied Burial within Attica, and his Goods expos'd to Sale, who hath been convicted of perfidious Behaviour towards the State, or of Sacrilege P. See Book I. Chap. iv. He that hath betray'd his Country, fhall not enter into Attica's Bor ders; if he do, he fhall expiate his Crime by the fame Law, as they who, tho' condemn'd by the Areopagites to Banifhment, return 9. Thofe Compacts fhall ftand good, which have been approv'd of by the Indges. Let there be an Amnesty of all former Diffenfions, and no one be liable to be call'd in Question, or reproach'd for any thing done formerly. This Law was made after the thirty Tyrants Expulfion, to reconcile all former Quarrels, and was fworn to by the Archons, Senate of five hundred, and all the Commonalty of Athens, When any Perfon is accus'd contrary to this Oath, ufe may be made of the Plea call'd pan; the Archons fhall have Cognizance of this Matter, and he that makes the Plea, fhall make his Defence first; the Party that is caft, fhall have the Fine call'd Erwλix impos'd upon him'. This Law was enacted by Archinus, as a Security to the former. No Stranger fhall be wrong'd or injur'd". Put the bewildred Traveller in his Way, and be hospitable to Strangers". No Seller of Rings fhall keep by him the Signature of a Ring, when fold *. One of Solon's Laws. Archæologia Graca: OR, THE ANTIQUITIES OF GREECE. Book II. CHAP. I. Of the first Authors of Religious Worship in Greece. H a ERODOTUS, in the fecond Book of his Hiftory, is of Opinion, that the Greeks deriv'd their Religion from the Egyptians: But Plutarch (who loves to contradict that Author) peremptorily denies it as being neither mention'd by Homer nor any of the Ancients. Ariftophanes, and Euripides fay, that Orpheus was the first that inftructed the Grecians in all the Rites and Ceremonies of their Worship: He was a Thracian, and therefore, fays Nonnus, Devotion was call'd`Ognoxsin q. Opaxix, because it was invented by a Thracian. C Thefe, I think, were neither altogether in the Right, nor yet wholly Miftaken; for as the exact Agreement betwixt fome of the Grecian Ceremonies, and the religious Worship of Thrace, makes it probable that one was deriv'd from the other; fo on the other fide, the Conformity of fome other Parts of the Grecian Religion to that of the Egyptians, doth plainly argue that they were fetch'd from Egypt; but, that the whole System of the Grecian Religion fhould be borrow'd from either De Herodot, malevol, Ranis. c Rhefo. N 4 Euvay. isop, in Stel. I. |