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riot comes disease, of disease comes spending, and of spending comes want," as an old English author states, adding with knowledge of modern justice that "of want comes theft, and of theft comes hanging," yet, on the other hand, we should not forget that time spent in physical culture, in necessary recreation, in sound, healthful sleep, and in a miscellaneous gathering of thought-material for future use, is by no means lost time; for each and all of these diversions are necessary to continuous mental activity.

Especially are such breaks in study needful for children with undeveloped minds, as instances are numerous where a child, by rambling as his fancy led, has fallen upon some book which determined his whole after-life, or has struck out some line of labor in which he afterward became distinguished. Thus Dr. Johnson, in his youth, believing that his brother had concealed some apples beneath a large folio upon an upper shelf in his father's shop, climbed up to make the capture, and finding no apples, attacked the folio, which proved to be the works of Petrarch; and thus his very idleness instructed him, and the apples led him to literature.

HOW TO MAKE MONEY.

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HE art of making money is condensed into four single rules, as follows: Work hardimprove every opportunity-economizeavoid debt. And these four can again be condensed into one, namely: Spend every day less than you earn. Nothing more than this is needed, and to this nothing can be added. The famous Micawber in "David Copperfield," tersely sums the matter up thus: "Annual income, twenty pounds; annual expenditure, nineteen pounds nineteen and six; result, happiness. Annual income, twenty pounds, annual expenditure, twenty pounds one and six; result, misery." And this latter condition was always poor Micawber's fortune. As has been well said, there is no working man in good health who may not become independent, if he will but carefully husband his receipts, and guard jealously against the little leaks of useless expenditure. There are a hundred persons who can work hard, to every ten who can properly husband their earnings. The classes that toil the hardest squander most recklessly the money they earn. Instead of hoarding their receipts so as to provide against sickness or want of employment, they eat and drink up their earnings as they go, and thus in the first financial crisis, when mills and factories stop, and capitalists lock up their cash in

stead of using it in great enterprises, they are ruined. Men who thus live "from hand to mouth," never keeping more than a day's march ahead of actual want, are little better off than slaves.

To one who has seen much of the miseries of the poor, it is hard to account for this short-sightedness of conduct; but doubtless the main cause is the contempt with which they are wont to look upon petty savings. Ask those who spend all as they go why they do not put by a fraction of their daily earnings, and they will reply, "That's of no use; what good can the saving of a few cents a day, or an occasional dollar, do? If I could lay by four or five dollars a week, that would ultimately amount to something." It is by this thoughtless reasoning that thousands are kept steeped to the lips in poverty, who, by a moderate degree of self-denial, might place themselves in a state of comfort and independence, if not of affluence. They do not consider to what enormous sums little savings and little spendings swell, at last, when continued through a long series of years. Accordingly, there is no inward revolution in the history of a man so important in itself and in its consequences, as occurs at the moment when a man makes his first saving. Among the heavy capitalists in one of our cities some years ago, was a builder who began life as a bricklayer's laborer at one dollar per day. Out of that small sum he contrived to lay up fifty cents per day, and at the end of the first year he had saved $182, from which moment his fortune was made. This beginning to lay up a little at regular intervals, daily or weekly, is the beginning of the end of poverty. When you begin this habit, stick to it. If one

be faithful in pursuing a rule of small gains, the time of large increase cannot be very far off, for one's interest and influence grows with one's bank account.

EXPENSES.

"Whatever your means be," says Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer in an excellent essay upon "The Management of Money," "so apportion your wants that your means may exceed them. Every man who earns but ten shillings a week can do this if he please, whatever he may say to the contrary; for, if he can live upon ten shillings a week, he can live upon nine and eleven-pence. In this rule mark the emphatic distinction between poverty and neediness. Poverty is relative, and therefore not ignoble. Neediness is a positive degradation. If I have only £100 a year, I am rich as compared with the majority of my countrymen. If I have £5,000 a year, I may be poor compared with the majority of my associates, and very poor compared to my next-door neighbor. With either of these incomes I am relatively poor or rich; but with either of these incomes I may be positively needy or positively free from neediness. With the £100 a year I may need no man's help; I may at least have 'my crust of bread, and liberty.' But with £5,000 a year I may dread a ring at my bell; I may have my tyrannical masters in servants whose wages I cannot pay; my exile may be at the fiat of the first long-suffering man who enters a judgment against No man is needy who spends less than he has. I may so ill-manage my money, that, ith £5,000 a year, I purchase the worst evils of pov

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erty, terror and shame; I may so well-manage my money, that, with 100 a year, I purchase the best blessings of wealth, safety and respect."

SAVING.

Of course there is such a thing as being miserly and mean in this matter of saving, but we are not advocating the practice of any such habit, or upholding any such trait of character. It would not be wise to carry this virtue of economy so far as to change it into a positive vice. It would not be well to imitate the Earl of Westminster, who had an income of four millions a year, and who once dismounted from his horse, when he found he had lost a button, and retraced his steps until he found it. This was not economy, but simple penuriousness. On the other hand, prudence, frugality and good management are good mechanics for mending bad times; they occupy but little room in any dwelling, but will furnish a more effectual remedy for the evils of life than any silver or tariff bill that ever passed Congress. To live on others' wealth, or to ride with unpaid-for horses, is to be a cheat, and not a gentleman.

OUT OF DEBT.

Says Douglas Jerrold: "Be sure of it, he who dines out of debt, though his meal be biscuit and an onion, dines in 'The Apollo.' And then for raiment ; what warmth in a threadbare coat, if the tailor's receipt be in the pocket! What Tyrian purple in the faded waistcoat, the vest not owed for! How glossy

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