To obtain Columns 13 and 14, from the multiplication of Column 12 into Columns 6 and 7.

(bB × ba + cC + dD × cd + dD +eE × de +hH + il × hi + ¿I +jJ × ij)— (bB+cCx be eE+ƒF × ef +ƒF−gG×fg+gG+hH × gh+jJ × jA) Double the area of the figure ABCDEFGHIJA, Page 295.

* The Co-ordinates here changing from East to West, or crossing the Meridian of Station A, the difference between the pairs instead of the sum is taken, by which means the area of the Parallelogram Fx Gy, is properly balanced, the portion lying to the West of the Meridian of A, being cancelled by a portion on the East side, leaving a difference in favor of the latter, and which accordingly remaining East and multiplied by a Southing, forms a South Product.

We have now endeavoured to explain the Traverse Table, and though all the operations which have been given at length for the sake of explanation appear laborious, they are performed with the greatest facility, the whole with the exception of Columns 6, 7, 8 and 9, being obtained by a simple addition or subtraction, and Columns 13 and 14 by multiplication. Such is the traverse system of surveying, and to use Mr. Adams words "the superior accuracy and ease with which every part of the process is performed, cannot, it is imagined, fail to recommend it to every practitioner." To apply the system in practice will form the subject of other Chapters.

* Geometrical Essays by George Adams, 1813.

CHAPTER XI.

ON THE STRENGTH OF A REVENUE SURVEY ESTABLISHDETAILED DUTIES OF ITS COMPONENT

MENT, AND
PARTS.

THE Establishment of a Revenue Survey is regulated according to circumstances and the requirements of the Government, but in general they are confined to two grades, a double and a single establishment. In the North-Western Provinces, where the completion of the settlement was deemed of great importance, the strength under each Officer was of the former character and consisted of the following persons, viz.:

And for which a fixed annual maximum sum was granted

under the four leading heads, viz.:

Rs.

* Includes one Native Doctor now attached to all Surveys.

......

37,524

The several parties which have been brought into Behar and Bengal and are now employed, have been kept up to this strength, but those which have been appointed for Bengal alone, have been invariably of the single strength, viz. :

And for which the following is the annual maximum grant

sanctioned by Government viz. :

Within this sum therefore the Surveyor is permitted to adapt his Establishment to the emergencies of his work and the seasons of the year. During the active period for field operations, generally averaging 7 months in the year, a full complement of Classies are kept up, and the monthly expenditure may be in excess, of what the total sum divided by 12 would yield, but this is balanced by extensive reductions during the recess months; the great body of the Classies are then discharged, and others put on half-pay, and for this reason an annual, instead of a monthly maximum, is sanctioned; this is, likewise controlled by the head of the department whose audit of the monthly bills is essential before they are passed on to the Civil Auditor.

*Includes one Native Doctor now attached to all Surveys.

The usual salaries of Assistants and Sub-Assistants are as

And the general time of service required to entitle Assis

At the general conference at Allahabad in 1833, of all the old Officers employed in the department, which was likewise attended by Lord William Bentinck, the Governor General of India, it was agreed upon that with the single establishment, which up to that period had never been increased, an area of 1,000 square miles of topographical Mouzawar survey per season could be effected, provided the average size of the villages was 1 square miles, or 800 acres, and by a systematic arrangement of the various duties of each person employed, this quantity of work has generally been got through under even less favorable circumstances than villages of a square mile average. In 1837, the Sudder Board of Revenue, N. W. P., brought forward the new scheme of the double establishments, with a view of exacting 3,000 square miles per annum, but although this enormous extent of work has been approximated, by several of the old North-West Surveyors, it has been rarely attained, and in the complicated districts of Bengal, with small villages of scarcely more than half a square mile each, cannot possibly be either expected, or (with reference to general accuracy) be desired.