draw in his horns and begin to look at home, instead of disturbing the affairs of other countries.

All is silence with respect to what is passing in Naples-it is yet uncertain whether she will resist the forces of Austria or tacitly submit. It were to be wished that the Neapolitans were filled with the same spirit and disposition that the Sicilians of Palermo havé shewn in asserting their independence, and then all would be well. Liberty or Death should be the watch word; and they should take a lesson from the French Marsellois. It is said that the Emperor of Russia retracts his late note on the affairs of Spain. One thing is certain, and that is, if he, in fact, has retracted, it is from fear, and not a conviction of its impropriety. Nothing but fear acts upon a despot; for every despot is in heart a coward.

Paine thought that he lived in the age of revolution, but the present moment better 'deserves that epithet. Unquestionably the revolutions of America and France have been the exciting power to the present revolutions; and Paine has acquired the immortal honour of having been a grand mover both in America and France. He has grubbed the soil both of America and Europe, and has left us the easier task of destroying recent weeds, and cultivating it. Paine would have been happy to have lived in the present day, to have seen his honest exertions bring forth fruit so abundantly. His name, that was wont to be mentioned with execration in England, is not now mentioned without a corresponding respect. His works are every where sought with avidity, and publicly defended; whereas but a few years since, a man could scarcely venture to say that he possessed even a portion of them. The truth cannot be extinguished but for a season. The prospect of the future is cheering, although the present be extremely grievous. The new mode of revolutionizing corrupt governments by the union of the citizen and soldier, is the grand desideratum. Strong hopes may be entertained that the English soldier will hold out the hand of fraternity to his fellowcitizen, and that England will not be deluged with a civil war. The right feeling is evidently displaying itself among the Eng lish troops, and a short time will furnish the rallying point.

I wait with anxiety for further particulars from Portugal, although I have not the least fear of the result. It is pleasing to see those things begun, but much more pleasing to see them finished. It adds another link to the great chain of liberty, and that too in a most important point. The French nation was opposed in her revolution on all sides, but the like can

not happen again:-the efforts made to blast its appearanes were momentous, but now the European despots have no resources in a pecuniary point of view to act with; and men without money are but of little import. The king of Portugal must return from the Brazils, or the former will inevitably become a republic. The national Cortes which is demanded, will never consent to be ruled by a prince on a foreign soil.

The progress of liberty is so extremely cheering, that its weakest friend must begin to be enlivened with hope. If the friends of liberty could have chalked out its desired progress for the present year, and have had all their own way, they could not have exceeded what has transpired. Its march is sublime and majestic, beyond all former precedent, and I am not inclined to think that Portugal is the last country that will date the era of its liberty and regeneration in the year 1820. Whilst our expectation is fixed on one country, expecting to see it move, we are agreeably surprized to hear of a motion where it was least expected. If any one, twelve months since, had said, that Spain, Portugal, and Naples, would have regenerated before England, France, and Prussia, he would have been thought but a sorry politician and prophet. At this rate, future painters will find it necessary to put a bandage over the eyes of the goddess of liberty, as well as over those of dame fortune.

I congratulate the demanders of freedom throughout the country on the success of their efforts; for our neighbours' success and welfare is a sure prelude to our own. We have nothing to fear; but our efforts, and our exertions, and our voice should grow stronger and stronger. The language of truth can never be too strong, and should never be disguised, even in the worst of times. It is the fear of despotism that gives it strength:-to denounce it and oppose it openly and manfully, is the surest way to be rid of it soon.

Dorchester Guol, Sept. 13, 1820.

R. CARLILE.

P. S. I understand that Bruce, who was convicted with Magennis, has actually been sent off in double irons to Botany Bay-a subscription is open for him, and Sir Francis Burdett has sent his name, and ten pounds, expressive of his abhorrence of the administration that could act in so barefaced a manner with a man whose crime is nothing more than that of being a reformer. Much might be done for Bruce in the manner proposed, by sending him out such articles as will set him up respectably in the colony.

THE CONCLUSION OF THE CHARGE AGAINST THE QUEEN; OR, THE CONSPIRATORS ASHAMED OF THEIR ITALIAN WITNESSES.

The Attorney-General, after an ineffectual attempt to delay the proceedings by asking an adjournment of the House of Lords that he might go in search of stronger evidence, has reluctantly closed his case for the King. It is well known that he had an immense number of Italians beyond what he has brought forward, but he found that each succeeding one did nothing more than increase the blackness of his hopeless case, so that the bulk of the Italians have been rowed down the river at midnight in an admiralty barge with muffled oars, and packed off to the Continent with bag and baggage, no doubt cursing those who have filled their minds with golden dreams.

All the swearing against the Queen, even if it were true, amounts to nothing; and the majority of" noble lords" seem to have an innate dread of the Queen's defence. They would not hear Mr. Brougham say a word, unless he would go through his defence without interruption or asking delay. They show themselves desperate, because they feel that they have to support the vices of their patron, in opposition to truth, to justice, and the public's unanimous and decided voice. The House has adjourned to the 3rd of October, at the request of Mr. Brougham, that he may be prepared with the necessary persons to develope the true character of the proceedings and the proofs of this detestable conspiracy.

The infamy of the Attorney-General's charge has never been exceeded, and is in no instance supported even by the swearing of his rascally Italians. He has not brought forward one decent, creditable, witness; not one, for we do not consider Captains Pechell and Briggs as evidences for him, but for the Queen. He stated, that all the respectable persons who dwelt in the neighbourhood of the Queen, in Italy, discontinued their visits on the ground of the licentious habits of the Queen and her domestics. Could he not induce one of those respectable persons to come forward and swear to this assertion? He has not done it, therefore we may be assured that he has lied wittingly in his charge. Again, he said, that all the Queen's English domestics left her on the same ground

of licentiousness. Why has he not called some of them for the enquiry? Because the assertion was false. We hear clamour and fuss enough because an English sailor cannot be found, who sailed in the same polacre with her Majesty, and the Courier newspaper has been base enough to insinuate that this man has been put out of the way because he witnessed the fact of adultery! Infamous beyond conception! Has not the Courier's employers got the captain and mate of the vessel to swear for him and have we not been told of the extravagant price they are to be paid for their swearing, and might he not have had the whole ships crew if he had liked. So vile an assertion merits the most summary punishment. The wretch that could lend himself to such a purpose, should not infest the earth another hour. We would have his carcase thrown to the dogs or express our detestation of him in some stronger manner, if possible. Such a wretch never before had any connection with the printing press! Such prostitution could only be enjoyed by George the Fourth and his ministers! Let us hear no more about the demoralization of the lower orders of Italy or any other country, if the Editor of the Courier be an Englishman, such a man was never known before in England, nor can Italy surpass him. We may wonder that the Attorney General has not got him among his witnesses!

It has just come out, that the King has presented one of the Editor's of the Courier (a Mr. Street) with the service of plate that the Queen was wont to use, as a price for all the abuse the paper might be able to lavish on her! Such meanness in a character who sits on a throne cannot easily be paralleled in ancient or modern times! He must be filled with the most inveterate hatred towards the woman he has injured; but she may live to punish him.

Hints are already thrown out that the divorce is not to be persisted in, that in consequence of the scruples of the Bishops, the Defender of Faith, will not require any thing incompatible with the Christian religion! A very pretty way to slink out of an infamous job! The divorce, and the divorce only, has been the main spring of the conspiracy against the Queen. Every step that has been taken by the King and his agents has been with that view, and that view only. A twenty years' conspiracy has been carried on against her Majesty for that specific purpose, and she must have been something more than ordinarily prudent and virtuous to have repeatedly defeated the machinations against her. The matter has now approached a crisis,

the Queen is become the centre of the affection of the country, the King the centre of the disaffection. The virtue of the mass of the English people was never more conspicuous than in their steady adherence to their persecuted Queen, and their loud contempt and execration of their persecuting King. The era of degeneration has passed, and the present will be viewed by the historian as the era of regeneration. Whether that regeneration can be effected without a civil war, it is impossible to say at present.

Such is the woeful state of this country, that during the present cessation of the Queen's mock trial, we have to turn our eyes to a more disastrious business, to another work of blood, the trials for high treason at York. Not a day intervenes for reflection, but the mind is continually harrassed and tortured with the wicked work of the present ministers and their master, for I have no notion of exempting the greatest delinquent. Let him have his due as well as his servants.

The only witness which Mr. Brougham called up for a second cross-examination was Theodore Majocchi, the famous Signor Non mi Ricordo. It was drawn from him at this time, that he had had frequent interviews with the King at Carlton House, and that he had been walking about London with another Italian as a servant, or guide to him, and with upwards of a hundred of Napoleons in his pocket at a time! Pretty work, John Bull! How stands your belly and your porket, John, amidst this base waste of your money? The above-mentioned Signor was brought into this country before the late King's death! It seems to have been anticipated by his present Majesty! I should like to know what need there was of bringing over Majocchi's wife, too, as she had not lived with the Princess, and could not be brought as a witness, but out of compliment to the Signor. How base must the appetite for slander have been at Carlton House when such company could have been tolerated! If the King gains his object we may expect to find Majocchi and his companions at the council board, and M. Demont as mistress of the Seraglio.

The summing up of the evidence by the Solicitor-General, Copley, set the whole House a yawning, and I should not think that part of the business worth notice here had not the gentleman said, that he had always found the common law allied to common sense. I shall lay it down as an admitted axiom, that a lawyer can have no pretence to be a judge of common sense. His whole career is so totally opposite to it,