Crosse Scholarships. November, 1856. Examiners : PROF. JEREMIE, D.D. Trinity College. PROF. WILLIAMS, B. D. Emmanuel College. 1. TRANSLATE the following, and give a short account of the work from which it is taken: Καθάπερ γὰρ ψυχὴ ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ οὐ βλέπεται, ἀόρατος οὖσα ανθρώποις, διὰ δὲ τῆς κινήσεως τοῦ σώματος νοεῖται ἡ ψυχή· οὕτως ἔχοι ἂν καὶ τὸν Θεὸν μὴ δύνασθαι ὁραθῆναι ὑπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ἀνθρωπίνων, διὰ δὲ τῆς προνοίας καὶ τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ βλέπεται καὶ νοεῖται. ὃν τρόπον γὰρ καὶ πλοῖον θεασάμενός τις ἐν θαλάσσῃ κατηρτισμένον, καὶ τρέχον καὶ κατερχόμενον εἰς λιμένα, δῆλον ὅτι ἡγήσεται εἶναι ἐν αὐτῷ κυβερνήτην τὸν κυβερνῶντα αὐτό· οὕτω δεῖ νοεῖν εἶναι τὸν θεὸν κυβερνήτην τῶν ὅλων, εἰ καὶ οὐ θεωρεῖται ὀφθαλμοῖς σαρκίνοις διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν ἀχώρητον εἶναι. εἰ γὰρ τῷ ἡλίῳ ἐλαχίστῳ ὄντι στοιχείῳ οὐ δύναται ἄνθρωπος ἀτενίσαι, διὰ τὴν ὑπερβάλλουσαν θέρμην καὶ δύναμιν, πῶς οὐχὶ μᾶλλον τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ δόξῃ ἀνεκφράστῳ οὔσῃ ἄνθρωπος θνητὸς οὐ δύναται ἀντωπῆσαι. THEOPH. ad Autolycum, 1. § 5. 2. How has Paley, in his Natural Theology, explained the argument from Final Causes? Give a brief analysis of the chapters on Prospective Contrivances; on Compensation; and on the Relation of Animated Bodies to Inanimate Nature. Translate: (1) Οὐ γὰρ πάνυ σοι κατάδηλον, ὅτι παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῶα, ὥσπερ θεοὶ, ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι, φύσει καὶ τῷ σώματι καὶ τῇ ψυχῇ κρατιστευόντες; οὔτε γὰρ βοὸς ἂν ἔχων σῶμα, ἀνθρώπου δὲ γνώμην, ἠδύνατ ̓ ἂν πράττειν, ἃ ἐβούλετο. οὔθ ̓ ὅσα χεῖρας ἔχει, ἄφρονα δ ̓ ἐστὶ, πλέον οὐδὲν ἔχει. σὺ δὲ ἀμφοτέρου τῶν πλείστου ἀξίων τετυχηκως, οὐκ οἴει σοῦ θεοὺς ἐπιμελεῖσθαι; XENOPHON. Memor. Lib. 1. (2) Αναξόρας μὲν οὖν φησὶ διὰ τὸ χεῖρας ἔχειν φρονιμώτατον εἶναι τῶν ζῴων τὸν ἄνθρωπον· εὔλογον δὲ διὰ τὸ φρονιμώτατον εἶναι τῶν ζῴων χεῖρας ἔχειν· αἱ μὲν γὰρ χεῖρες ὄργανόν εἰσιν, ἡ δὲ φύσις ἀεὶ διανέμει, ὥσπερ ἄνθρωπος φρόνιμος, ἕκαστον τῷ δυναμένῳ χρῆσθαι. ARISTOT. de Part. Animal. Lib. iv. c. 10. 3. In what sense are parts and passions ascribed to the Deity in Sacred Scripture? Translate: Neque sunt ei aut membra, aut membrorum officia necessaria, ad cujus solum etiam tacitum arbitrium et serviunt et adsunt omnia. Cur enim requirat oculos, qui lux est? aut cur quærat pedes, qui ubique est? aut cur ingredi velit, cum non sit quo extra se progredi possit? aut cur manus expetat, cujus ad omnia instituenda artifex est et silens voluntas? nec auribus eget, qui etiam tacitas novit voluntates. De Trinitate. To whom has the work, from which this passage is taken, been ascribed? By whom does it appear to have been written? 4. Mention any traditions found in ancient writers respecting the latter part of the life of St John. What is known respecting the opinions of Papias ? Translate: Εκτέθειται δὲ καὶ ἄλλὴν ἱστορίαν περὶ γυναικὸς ἐπὶ πολλαῖς ἁμαρτίαις διαβληθείσης ἐπὶ τοῦ Κυρίου. ἣν τὸ καθ ̓ ̔Εβραίους εὐαγγέλιον περιέχει. EUSEB. Hist. Eccl. III. 39. To what narrative in the New Testament has this been supposed to relate? Is that supposition probable? 5. What account has Philo given of the Therapeutæ of Egypt? Is there any ground for the opinion that they are to be considered as early Christians? 6. Who were the principal adversaries of Christianity in the first four centuries? Mention any circumstances which throw light on their respective motives and views. Arrange the early Christian Apologists in chronological order; and translate and explain the following: Τοῦ δὲ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὰ ἔργα ἀεὶ παρῆν· ἀληθῆ γὰρ ἦν· οἱ θεραπευθέντες· οἱ ἀναστάντες ἐκ νεκρῶν· οἳ οὐκ ὤφθησαν μόνον θεραπευόμενοι, καὶ ἀνιστάμενοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀεὶ παρόντες· οὐδὲ ἐπιδημοῦντος μόνον τοῦ Σωτῆρος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπαλλαγέντος, ἦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἱκανόν· ὥστε καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἡμετέρους χρόνους τινὲς αὐτῶν ἀφίκοντο. QUADRAT. ap. Euseb. Hist. Eccl. iv. 3. 7. What was the principal cause of the early Philosophical Heresies ? Give a short account of the system of Marcion. On what grounds did he reject the Old Testament? From which of the Evangelists was his Gospel chiefly compiled? Why did he prefer that Evangelist? Mention any of the instances, which Epiphanius has detailed, of his alterations of passages in the Sacred Text. Are any of these alleged alterations in our present copies ? Translate and explain : Ego meum dico verum; Marcion suum. Ego Marcionis affirmo adulteratum, Marcion meum. Quis inter nos determinabit, nisi temporis ratio, ei præscribens auctoritatem, quod antiquius reperietur, et ei præjudicans vitiationem, quod posterius revincetur. TERTULL. adv. Marc. Iv. 4. 8. Give the origin of the following appellations: Ebionites,-Encratitæ, -Collyridians,-Messalians,-Melchites,-Ubiquitarians. TRANSLATE the following passages: CLEMENS ROMANUS. Ep. 1. Beginning, Οἱ λειτουργοὶ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ Πνεύματος Beginning, Κολληθῶμεν οὖν τοῖς ἀθῴοις καὶ δικαίοις Ending, ἐπιλαθέσθαι ἡμᾶς, ὅτι μέλη ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων; e. XLVI. Explain by references to Scripture, λειτουγοί, μετάνοια, κρίμα, πολιτευόμενοι, προσκόψωμεν, ἐκλεκτοὶ, ἐκχυθὲν, κλῆσις, στασιάζω. Does Clemens follow the Septuagint in his citations, or translate from the Hebrew? Give references, in the margin of your translations, to the passages of the Old Testament above cited, or alluded to. With which of the Apostles was Clemens associated, according to the evidence (1) of Ecclesiastical writers? (2) of the language of this Epistle? Are there any notes of time in the Epistle, which help to ascertain its date? How may we account for a Bishop of Rome writing in Greek? In whose name is the Epistle written, and to whom addressed? What evidence does it bear, positively and negatively, against the doctrines of later Bishops of Rome? What MSS. are extant of this Epistle, and where? IGNATIUS. Beginning, Ταῦτα δὲ, ἀγαπητοί μου, οὐκ ἐπεὶ ἔγνων τινὰς Ad Magnes. c. XI. XII. Beginning, Μὴ πλανᾶσθε, ἀδελφοί μου· εἴ τις σχίζοντι Ad Philadelph. c. III. IV. Beginning, Παρακαλῶ σε ἐν χάριτι, ᾗ ἐνδέδυσαι, Explain the above by references to Scripture. Ad Polycarpuт, е. 1. What testimony does Scripture give to the association of the presbytery with the Apostles, and with Bishops, in council, and in the rite of ordination? How is the primitive practice in this respect recognized in the Canons of the Church of England? What is the usage of the words ἐπίσκοπος, πρεσβύτερος, and διάκονος; and of the word εὐχαριστία ; (1) in the Acts of the Apostles, and in their Epistles? (2) in the Epistles of Ignatius? Write down the Greek words used in the primitive Church for, diocese, ordination, baptism, unity, congregation, confession, defence, martyrdom. Which of the books of the New Testament does Ignatius expressly speak of? JUSTIN MARTYR. Apol. 1. c. 63. Beginning, Ιουδαίοι οὖν ἡγησάμενοι ἀεὶ τὸν πατέρα τῶν ὅλων Give a short account, in Greek, of Justin Martyr and his works. TERTULLIAN. Apologia. Præsident probati quique seniores, honorem istum non pretio, sed testimonio adepti: neque enim pretio ulla res Dei constat. Etiam si quod arcæ genus est, non de honoraria summa, quasi redemptæ religionis congregatur; modicam unusquisque stipem menstrua die, vel quum velit, et si modo velit et si modo possit, apponit: nam nemo compellitur, sed sponte confert. Hæc quasi deposita pietatis sunt. Nam inde non epulis, nec potaculis, nec ingratis voratrinis dispensatur, sed egenis alendis humandisque, et pueris ac puellis re ac parentibus destitutis, jamque domesticis senibus, item naufragis, et si qui in metallis, et si qui in insulis, vel in custodiis, duntaxat ex caussa Dei recta, alumni confessionis suæ fiunt. c. XXXIX. 1. TRANSLATE the following from Euseb. H. E. II. 14, concerning Simon Magus: Beginning, Οὐ μὴν εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῷ ταῦτα προὐχώρει· Ending, κήρυγμα τῆς τῶν οὐρανῶν βασιλείας εὐαγγελιζόμενος. State the arguments for and against, (1) St Peter's having been at Rome at all, (2) St Peter's having been Bishop of Rome. 2. What was the meaning of the words διοίκησις and παροικία respectively in the early Church? Is this any argument against Diocesan Episcopacy? 3. Who was St Anselm? What relation did he bear to the Schoolmen? Translate the following passage from his "Cur Deus homo?" Lib. 1. c. 16: Primum quæro qualiter de massa peccatrice et humano genere, quod totum infectum erat peccato, hominem sine peccato, quasi azymum de fermentato Deus assumpsit. Nam licet ipsa hominis ejusdem conceptio sit munda, Virgo tamen ipsa, unde assumptus est, est in iniquitatibus concepta, et in peccatis concepit eam mater ejus, et cum originali peccato nata est, quia et ipsa in Adam peccavit, in quo omnes peccaverunt. Whence are the last four words taken, and of what are they a translation? Do you approve that translation? Give a short account of the rise and progress of the Roman doctrine, against which the above passage is a virtual protest. 4. What were the additions made to the Creed of Constantinople in the Creed of the Council of Trent? By what general Council was it forbidden to make any such additions? 5. What is the meaning of the term 'Ubiquitarians'? To whom was it applied? What is Hooker's doctrine on this subject? 6. Give a short sketch of Archbishop Cranmer's course, up to the time of his elevation to the primacy. In what form did he take the oaths at his consecration? What are the principal works of his, which remain ? 7. What were the alien priories, and when were they dissolved? What were the chief doctrinal differences between the Franciscan and Dominican orders? and how were they shewn at the Council of Trent? 8. What became of Bishop Jewel during the Marian persecution? How far is his Apology authoritative? Explain the nature of the work. 9. Give a short history of the Lambeth Articles. |
