A ray passes through a prism in a principal plane, the deviation being equal to the angle of incidence, and each of them equal to twice the angle of the prism, show that the latter

XII. Describe the simple microscope, and explain by means of a figure how it produces a magnified image.

Explain by a figure how, by the use of a proper lens, short sight may be remedied.

SATURDAY, 19TH FEB., 10 A.M. TO 1 P.M.

BAIN'S MENTAL SCIENCE.

P. RANGANADHA MUDALIYAR, M.A.

I. (a) Describe the structure and functions of the spinal cord and the corpora quadrigemina.

II.

(b) Which of the two modes of classifying the nerves is important as regards function?

proper.

Give some account of the intellectual sensations of Touch

(a) Is touch by itself competent to give us a sensation of weight?

(6) Time, in Mr. Bain's opinion, is a simpler fact than Space. Shew clearly that it is so.

III. (a) How do odours act on the organ of smell?

(b)

How does the eye-ball adjust itself to secure distinct vision at varying distances?

IV. (a) What sources of active impulses distinct from the Will does Mr. Bain point out?

(b) How does Mr. Bain explain the workings of sympathy? V. Show that the localization of our bodily feelings is an acquired perception.

VI. How does likeness in diversity obstruct the revival of the past through similitude? Illustrate your answer with reference to sensations of Touch.

VII. What analysis does Mr. Bain give of Contrast as contributing to the re-production of past thoughts and feelings?

VIII. (a) Describe the influence of feeling on constructiveness. (b) How far are the constructions of Fine Art bound to be consistent with truth and nature?

IX. State what proof Mr. Bain offers of the existence of spontaneous movement. Are you aware of any exception that has been taken to this doctrine ?

SATURDAY, 19TH FEB., 2 TO 5 P.M.

MENTAL PHILOSOPHY-BAIN AND MASSON.

P. RANGANADHA MUDALIYAR, M.A.

1. Discuss the question as to whether the perception of distance is instinctive or acquired.

II. What considerations does Mr. Bain urge to shew that the so-called necessary truths do not point to an innate origin?

III. Berkeley maintains that the esse is percipi. Whence according to him then do our sensations come, seeing that they are not products of our own will?

IV. State the cardinal points of Hume's Philosophy. What are the most essential differences between Hume and Brown?

V. To the Cartesian maxim "Cogito ergo sum," Gassendi objects that existence may equally well be inferred from every other human function as from thought,—that it may equally well be said "I walk, therefore I am." Is this criticism valid?

VI. Explain clearly the opposition between Sir W. Hamilton's doctrine of the Relativity of human knowledge and his Natural Realism. Do you consider Mr. Masson successful in his attempt to explain away the inconsistency?

VII. Mr. J. S. Mill holds that Mind and Matter are both series of feelings, but with a difference. What is the difference?

Give very briefly the substance of Mr. Masson's criticism as regarde this differenced.

VIII. Why does Mr. Masson call Mr. J. S. Mill a Cogitationist in preference to a Constructive Idealist ?

IX. Give a brief sketch of either Sir Wm. Hamilton's or Mr. J. S. Mill's theory of the origin of the notion of casuality.

X. State what use is made of Belief by Sir Wm. Hamilton and Mr. J. S. Mill in building up their Philosophy.

MONDAY, 21ST FEB., 10 A.M. TO 1 P.M.

ENGLISH HISTORY,

D. SINCLAIR. M.A.

I. What changes had taken place in the Government of England immediately before the invasion of the Danes in the ninth century? Show how the condition of the country facilitated the Danes in making the conquests they did.

II. Write a brief account of the origin of trial by jury, and of the various changes afterwards made in it until it was brought to its modern condition.

III. What were the peculiar circumstances of the country that led to the institution of the House of Commons? What additions did it make to its power between the date of its foundation and the death of Henry VI?

IV. On what grounds did Edward I. lay claim to the overlordship of Scotland? Give reasons for your opinion as to whether his claim was a rightful one?

V. Freeman, writing of the reign of Edward III., says: " England was successful in battles, but she was thoroughly beaten in war," Show the truth of the latter part of this statement.

VI. When and by whose influence was the Test Act passed? State in a very few words, the peculiar circumstances of the time that led to such a bill being passed. How long did this bill remain in force?

VII. What led to the trial of the seven Bishops and what influence did it exert in hastening on the Revolution? What principle held by the "Abhorrers" made them so reluctant to leave the side of the king?

VIII. What were the causes that led to the Quadruple Alliance and to the Seven Years' War. Who were the parties engaged in each?

IX. Explain :

(a) How it was that Pitt (Earl of Chatham), when at the very height of his success as Secretary of State, had to resign office.

(b) The principle of Free-trade, and give an account of the movement during the present century.

(c) The terms, the Junto, the Trimmers, Petitioners, Patriots, Protectionists, Radicals.

(d) The nature of the legislative enactments with which the following names are associated. Grenville, Charles James Fox, Lord John Russell, Wilberforce.

MONDAY, 21ST FEB., 2 TO 5 P.M.

THE REIGN OF CHARLES J.

G. OPPERT, PH. D.

I. Describe briefly the political state and disposition of England, when Charles I. began to reign.

II. In what manner was the Duke of Buckingham connected with the wars against Spain and France, and why was he so generally disliked by the people?

III. (a) How did it happen that though the first Parliament of

Charles I. was personally well inclined towards the king, the Commons only granted for a year the tonnage and poundage duties, which had been previously granted for the whole reign of his predecessors ?

(b) Describe shortly the object and the contents of the Petition of Right, and

(c) State the reasons which induced the king to dissolve his first three parliaments, and say whether he acted according to the constitution of the Realm in trying to reign without Parliament.

IV. (a) Characterize briefly the acts of Lord Strafford and Archbishop Laud in State and Church.

(6) What led to (1) the trial of Prynne, Burton, and Bastwick and (2) to that of Hampden?

V. Why did Scotland rise against Charles I. and how did this event affect the affairs of England?

VI. What is the difference between impeachment and attainder and why was a change made from the one to the other in the trial of Lord Strafford?

VII. When the war between the King and Parliament broke out, (a) What counties sided with the King and what with the Parliament ?

(7) What side was generally adopted by the larger towns?
(c) Who were the most influential advisers of the King, and
who the most eminent members of Parliament? Name
three on the King's and three on the Parliament's side
and characterize each person in three lines.

(d) Name the leading generals on both sides.

(e) Give the names and the dates of the decisive battles.

VIII. Under what circumstances did Charles I. surrender to the Scotch, and why did the latter hand over the king to the English Parliament ?

IX. What was the cause (1) of the disagreement between Parliament and the Parliamentary army and, (2) why and by whom were eleven members of Parliament impeached?

X. State briefly the manner in which the Parliament conducted the process against the king, whether the proceedings were legal, and, if so, whether the execution of the king was an act of good policy.

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